Dpt

1. BY: Dr Ayesha
Anwer Ali

2. Introduction
 forms an important part of the health promotion
activities.
 These activities occur in schools, workplaces, clinics
and communities and include topics such as healthy
eating, physical activity, tobacco use prevention,
mental health, diseases prevention.
HEALTH EDUCATION

3. ‘‘A process aimed at
encouraging people to want
to be healthy, to know how
to stay healthy, to do what
they can individually and
collectively to maintain
health, and to seek help
when needed is called
health education.’’
----- Alma-Ata
declaration(1978)
HEALTH EDUCATION

4. (a) To encourage people to adopt and sustain
health promoting life style and practices
(b) To promote the proper use of the health
services available to them
(c) To arouse interest to provide new
knowledge and improve skilled
(d) To stimulate individual and community
participation to achieve health
development at every step from
identifying problems to solving them
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

6. KEY PRINCIPLES FOR
HEALTH EDUCATION

7. 1) INTEREST:
If the health education topic is of interest to the people, they
will listen to it
Find real and felt needs and learn to create awareness of
the communities. Health educator should identify the “felt needs”
of the people and then prepare a program that they can actively
participate in to make it
Felt needs may be :
 Better housing
 Bus services (mass transit, commute easily)
 Maternity and health services.
 School, colleges and universities.
 Tertiary care hospitals services free of cost.
KEY PRINCIPLES FOR HEALTH EDUCATION

8. 2. CREDIBILITY
 It is the degree to which the message is perceived as
trustworthy by the receiver.
 It should be scientifically proven, based on facts and should
be compatible with local culture and goals

9.  3) PARTICIPATION:
 Active learning is best and can be done only by participation.
 This message was also discussed in ALMA ATA Declaration of
1978 which states that:
The fundamental principle of primary health care is
the participation of community at all stages.
Methods like group discussion, panel discussions etc. provide
opportunities for people’s participation

10. 4. MOTIVATION
 Awakening of desire is MOTIVATION.
 It is the first step in learning to change
 It may be positive or negative.

11. 5. COMPREHENSION
 We must know the level of understanding, education and
literacy of people to whom the teaching is directed.
 We should always communicate in language people
understand.

12. 6. REINFORCEMENT
 This is the principle that refers to the repetition needed in
health education
 It is not possible for the people to learn new things in a short
period of time
 So repetition is a good idea
 This can be done at regular intervals and it helps people to
understand new ideas or practice better.

13. 7. LEARNING BY DOING
 learning is accompanied by doing new things
 The Chinese proverb
 “if I hear, I forget; if I see, I remember; if I do, I
know”

14. 8. KNOWN TO UNKNOWN
 Before the start of any health education program, the health
educator should find out how much the people already know
and then give them the new knowledge.
 The existing knowledge of the people can be used as the basic
step up on which new knowledge can be placed
 Eg:- A health education program with the aim of
introducing a toothbrush to a rural population.

15. 9. GOOD HUMAN RELATIONS
 This principle states that the health educator should have
good personal qualities and should be able to maintain
friendly relations with the people
 The health educator should have a kind and sympathetic
attitude towards the people and should always be helpful to
them in clarifying doubts or repeating what is not understood

16. 10. FEEDBACK
 For any program to be successful it is necessary to collect
feedback to find out if any modifications are needed to make
the program more effective

17. Communication
process

18.  Communication is regarded as exchanging or shaping
ideas, feelings and information to bring about desired
changes in human behavior.
 Communication is essentially the transfer of ideas, messages
or information from one person to another.
 In this process a cycle of communicating messages is formed
between the sender and the receiver.
 The sender is required to conceive the message he wishes to send.
 The receiver then is require to receive this message, clarify his/her
understanding of the messages
COMMUNICATION

19. Message
 It is the information transmitted by the communicator to the
recipient.
 A good message must be:
 In line with the objective.
 Based on felt needs.
 Clear and understandable.
 Specific and accurate.
 Timely and adequate.
 Interesting.
 Culturally and socially appropriate.

20. Channels of communication
 It is the media used for communication
 The media chosen should be -Efficient in transmitting the
message
 Attractive to the audience
 Easily understandable by the people
 Able to bring about good response and interaction by the people
 The most common channel of communication is face-to-face
communication

21. Feedback
 It is the flow of information from the audience to the sender.
 It provides an opportunity to modify the message
 Eg:- opinion polls(public opinion) , interviews, questionnaire surveys

23.  1.One way and two way communication.
 2.Verbal and non verbal communication
 3.Formal and informal communication
TYPES OF COMMUNICATION

24. -Flow of information is one
way, from the sender to the
receiver.
 Some examples of one-
way communication include
television, radio, writings,
speeches and performance.
ONE WAY COMMUNICATION

25.  Participation from both the sender and the
receiver.
 Learning is active
TWO WAY COMMUNICATION

26.  Verbal: example meetings, présentations, workshops, seminar.
VERBAL COMMUNICATION

27. NON-VERBAL

28. NON-VERBAL

29. VERBAL OR NON-VERBAL
COMMUNICATION????

30.  Formal communication follows lines of
authority and should be official and legal.
 Informal communication- conversing with
friends or colleagues
FORMAL AND INFORMAL
COMMUNICATION

33.  BARRIERS IN COMMUNICATION
 1.Psychological barriers
 2.physiological barriers
 3.Environmental barriers
 4.Cultural barriers
BARRIERS IN COMMUNICATION

34.  PSYCHOLOGICAL BARRIERS
 Emotional disturbances, depression, neurosis (mental illness)
, psychosomatic disorder (some physical disease that caused
metal disturbance)
 Special methods and utmost care should be adopted to
convey the message
 PHYSIOLOGICAL BARRIERS
 Difficulties in self expression, hearing, seeing, understanding

35.  ENVIRONMENTAL BARRIERS
 Excessive noise, difficulties in vision and
congestion(overcrowding)
 It can be overcome by making small groups and using
appropriate channels for communication
 CULTURAL BARRIERS
 Patterns of behavior, habits, beliefs, customs, attitudes,
religion

36. SCOPE OF INFORMATION EDUCATION
COMMUNICATION (IEC) IN RELATION TO
HEALTH

37. Mental health

38. MENTAL HEALTH

39. Mental health can be defined as:
“a state of well-being in which
individuals to realize their abilities,
cope with the normal stresses of
life, work productively and fruitfully,
and able to make a contribution to
their communities.”
MENTAL HEALTH

40. Any disease or conditions
that affect a person
• Thinks,
• Feels,
• Behaves
• Ability to relate to
others & to surroundings
MENTAL ILLNESS

41.  As many as 450 million people suffer from a mental or
behavioral disorder.
 Nearly 1 million people commit suicide every year.
 Four of the six leading causes of years lived with disability are
due to neuropsychiatric disorders (depression, alcohol-use
disorders, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder).
 5 million people have been diagnosed with bipolar disorder.
 One in four families has at least one member with a mental
disorder.
 Family members are often the primary caregivers of people
with mental disorders.
THE MAGNITUDE AND BURDENS OF THE
PROBLEM:

44. Thankyou