1) The document discusses two main types of pumps - centrifugal pumps and reciprocating pumps. 2) Centrifugal pumps work by converting mechanical energy to pressure energy using centrifugal force on the fluid, while reciprocating pumps use a piston moving in a cylinder. 3) The key parts of a centrifugal pump are identified as the suction pipe, impeller, casing, and delivery pipe. The impeller rotates to increase the pressure of the fluid, while the casing guides the fluid and further increases the pressure.

1. Presented By.,
B.V.Jaikumar

2. Hydraulic machine that converts mechanical energy
into hydraulic energy.
Types of Pumps:
Centrifugal pump (Roto dynamic).
Reciprocating pump (positive displacement).
Note:
The word ‘centrifugal’ is derived from the Latin word
‘centri-fugi’ ,fugi means force .

3. Centrifugal Pump:
If the mechanical energy is converted into pressure
energy by means of centrifugal force acting on the fluid , the hydraulic
machine is called as centrifugal pump.
Working Principle:
The working principle employed in the centrifugal pump is
“Forced vortex flow”:
It means that when a certain mass of liquid is rotated by
an external torque. Then the rise in pressure head of rotating liquid.
Rise in pressure head at any point of liquid is directly
proportional to the square of the tangential.
Velocity of liquid=
Where V velocity,R radius,g acceleration due to gravity

4. if the radius is more , then the rise in pressure head, due
to this pressure head the liquid can be lifted to a high level.
Reciprocating Pump:
If the mechanical energy is converted into the
hydraulic energy by sucking the liquid into a cylinder in which a piston
is reciprocating(moving backwards and forwards).

5. Advantages of centrifugal pump
over reciprocating pump:
 cost is less.
Discharging capacity is greater.
Installation and maintenance are easier.
Small size and weight.
It can be used for lifting highly viscous liquid such as ,muddy
water or sewage water, oil etc.,
Directly coupled to an electric motor or an oil engine.
Power source and output is uniform.

6. Main parts:
 Suction pipe
 Impeller
 Casing
 Delivery pipe
Suction pipe:
 A pipe whose end is connected to inlet of the pump and
other end dips into the water sump is known as suction
pipe.

7. Regarding on installation:
Length of the suction pipe should as small as possible.
Try to avoid bending( if it is unavoidable the bend
with maximum radius).
Radius=5 times of the diameter of suctin pipe.
Inner surface will be friction free .
 Avoid the check valves in suction pipe .
Cross sectional area of the foot valve should be double
than pipe.
If the pipe is in horizontal position then the pipe must
be in 2 degree inclination towards downwards.

8. Impeller:
The rotating part of centrifugal pump is known as
impeller.
Contains series of curved vanes.
Mounted on shaft.
Connected to shaft of an electric motor.

9. Casing:
 Casing is air tight passage surrounding the impeller
and water discharged at outlet of the impeller is
converted into pressure energy.
Types of Casing:
 Volute casing
 Vortex casing
 Diffuser casing

10. Volute Casing:
 Surrounds the impeller.
 It is spiral type.
 Increase in area of flow, cause decrease in velocity.
 The decrease in velocity increases pressure of the
water flow.
 Efficiency of pump is slightly increases but energy is
lost due to eddies.

11. Vortex Casing:
 Circular chamber.
 It reduces of eddies, results reduce in energy loss.
 The efficiency is more than volute casing.

12. Diffuser Casing:
 Impeller is surrounded by a diffuser.
 Consists series of guide vanes.
 Water from the impeller enters the guide vanes
without stock.
 Increasing area of guide vanes reducing the velocity of
flow consequently increasing the pressure.
 Also it reduces vibration of the pump.

13. Delivery Pipe:
 A pipe whose end is connected to outlet of the pump
and the other end delivers the water at the required
level is known as delivery pipe.
 The check valve must be placed in between the pump
and the gate valve .

14. Applications:
 Large size centrifugal pumps are used in industries.
 Chemical industries also using the centrifugal pumps.
 In houses, it is used to fill the over head tank.
 Centrifugal pump playing a vital role in marine
engineering too.
 Very large size centrifugal pumps used in power plants.
 In Agricultural sectors, centrifugal pump is used to
deliver the water from the well.