Sustainable design for architectural project

1. Department : Civil Engineering
Course : International Program of Maritime and Urban Engineering
Student ID : 28J16118
Name : PUTIKA ASHFAR KHOIRI
Email : putika@civil.eng.osaka-u.ac.jp
Title of the lecture : Spatial Design
Topics of the lecture : Architectural projects
Teacher in charge : Hirokazu Abe
Integrated Design and PerformanceTarget
Integrated design is an iterative process of research and analysis, communication, and design
explorations that occurs collectively among team members throughout all phases of the project.
Whereas the conventional design process is typically a linear approach comprised of a collection of
discrete tasks that often proceed from owner to landscape architect to sub consultants to general
constructor to subcontractor to site user, the integrated process encourages the interdisciplinary
teamtobe collectivelyinvolvedinthe designprocessandutilitiestheirvariousperspectivesto develop
design solutions. The process recognizes the relationship among the site’s physical, biological and
cultural impact and because this recognitionis aware of more complete set of design opportunities
and impacts.
To establishaculture of designintegration,processoftenbeginwithothercollaborative settingthat
creatively explores design options, uncovers area of conflicts and establishes the project concept.
Team members are expected to provide input and discuss area beyond their conventional area of
expertise to reveal how they work will interact with and effect of other portions of the project. In
circumstances where the design process needs a higher design fees the diverse problems solving
approach often leads to lower construction and reduced maintenance costs. For example, including
the landcare professionalinthedesignprocessprovidedopportunitiesfordiscussingthe maintenance
requirements of the proposed design solutions and adjusting them accordingly to eliminate
unnecessary site damage or design solutionsthat may require expensive and timely maintenance.
Strategiesforencouragingintegrateddesignandmultidisciplinarycollaborationinclude:
Site inventory
Biological
attributes
Cultural
attributes
Physical
attributes
Site analysis
Integrated design process iterative process of research,
communication and design exploration
Program plan
Design
solutions

2. 1. Developingconsensusonthe strategiesandtoolsthatbe usedtoshare informationand
fostercollaboration.
2. Structuringthe projectschedule toallow time forintegrateddesignandreflection.
3. Clarifyingandcommunicatingthe rolesandresponsibilityeachteammember
4. Diagrammingdesignprocessandcreatingfeedbackloops
5. Developingconsensusof projectgoals,sustainableguidelinesandperformance target
The integrated design process is an iterative process of research, communication and design.
Throughoutthe process,additional siteinventoryandanalysisisoftenrequiredandthe programplan
may needtobe revisitedtoaccommodate new challengesorcriteriathatare revealed.
Understanding The Site
Site inventory and analysis
A broadknowledge andthroughunderstandingthe local ecology andculture isessential tothe
designanddevelopmentof sustainable site.Eachsite hasa unique setof physical,biological and
cultural attributesthatdefine the overall charactersof the landscape anddetermine itssustainability
for specificuses.Siteinventoriescommunicate andmapthe physical,biological andcultural
componentsof a site andthe surroundingarea.The initial recognitionprovidesthe information
requiredtobeginthe designprocessasthe projectdevelops,additional informationisgatheredto
informdesignsolutions.
1. Environment
Studythe surrounding areaand identifyadjacentsite conditions andcurrentuses.
Determine whetherthe currentconditionswill benefitthe site orhave anegative impact.
2. Climate and energy
Identifythe humidity,temperature of the site foreachmonthof the year. Identifythe site
conditionsthatprovides opportunitiesforrenewable energystrategiessuchaswind,solar,
or geothermal
3. Hydrology
Studythe site topography.Map the natural flow of the areas of ponding.Research existing
drainage infrastructure.Identifythe watersource,treatmentlocations,andstrategy.
4. Soilscondition
Researchthe soil type andsite geologyconditionssuchaspH, permeability,erosion
potential anddepth.We canalso lookfromthe soilssurveyandfieldteststoverifythe
conditions.
5. Vegetation
Identifyandmapvegetativecommunities.Surveyexistingsite vegetation.
6. Materials
Identifyandmapexistingbuildingsandlandscapematerialssuchasoutdoorstructures,
roads andpathways.Note the materialssize,conditionsandpotentialforreuse and
recycling.
7. Cultural inventory
Researchaboutthe site’shistoryandprioruses.Identifythe historical andcultural
landscape featuressuchasexistingpublicinfrastructures(roadsandutilitynetworks).
Site analysisinterpretinventoryinformationtoidentifythe area’sbestsuitedforthe specificuses,
testthe feasibilityof the programplanandprovide a frameworkfordesign.A commonsite analysis
methodforsynthetizinginventorydataistodevelop aseriesof informational maps,soilconditions,
habitattype,zoningrestrictions,orgroundwaterlevels.

3. Performance Target
The performance targetshouldbe establishedforeachguideline toclarifydesiredoutcomesand
measuresof projectsuccess.The targetare specificperformance goalsrelatedtosite sustainability
that challengesthe teamtogobeyondstandarddesigncriteriaandreachtheirhigherlevelof site
performance.Once the performance targetisestablished,oversightof specifictargets canbe
assignedtoteammember.Examplesof performance target
 Reuse or recycle 100 percentof the existingmaterialsandvegetationfoundson-site
 Reduce potable wateruse by75 percentof the establishedbaseline.
 Reuse 50 percentof building’swastewateronsite.
Conceptual Diagrams
In thiscreative andopenprocessmultiplescenariosare exploredandanalysedtohelpthe project
teamstudythe site fromvariousperspectivesandidentifythose thathave the greatestpotential.
The entire site areashouldbe consideredandassignedadesignate use,orformsare studied.The
diagramis drawnon an overlayof the site analysisandbase mapdrawingsinan efforttounifythe
program planwithexistingsite conditions.
1. Reviewmaterialsandshare progress
 Reviewthe programplanwiththe designteam.Renew the commitmenttothe
projectgoals,sustainable guidelinesandperformancestargets.
 Reviewthe site inventoryandanalysisindetail anddiscussthe opportunitiesand
constraintat the site.
 Share the findingsof the researchandanalysisdone tosupportthe conceptual
diagramphase.Detailedresearchandanalysisof the site andproposedsystemswill
aidin the optimizationof designsolutions.
2. Site layout
 Considerthe space requirementsforsome elementswhichneedmaintenance
activities.
 Look foropportunitiestoframe desirable viewsandscreenon-siteandsurroundings
feature thatare unsightly
 Studysurroundingland-useandresources
Budget
Early effortstoinvestigateandmanage the budgetistooptimize the monetaryresourcesavailable
to the project.Maximumcostsavingsare achievedwhensustainable designstrategiesare
incorporatedfromthe outside of the projectincollaboratedwithdesignteam.Outlinedbelow isare
itemsthatwill aidthe designteamindevelopingtoachieve sustainableoutcomeswithinthe project
budget.
1. Setprojectgoal of obtainingazero-costincrease overthe standardbudgetfora similar
projecttypestoencourage cost management.
2. Evaluate the expensesof the projectcomponentsfromawhole systemperspective.
Understandtheirvalue of design.Avoidthe temptationtoreduce the qualityof the
componentbasedonitscomponentthatinfluenceone performance toanother.
3. Calculate all relevantcostoverthe life of the project, include:initialinvestment,ongoing
operations(water,energy,waste disposal,monitoringandmaintenance requirements, etc.)
4. Considerenvironmental andhumanhealthcostsandbenefits.

4. Construction documents
The designteamshouldbe focusthisphase of the projecton documentingthe design.The
contractor isinstrumental tothe successful completionof the projectandshouldunderstandand
embrace theirrole inhelpingthe projectachieve sustainable outcomes.
1. Reviewmaterialsand share progress
Verifythe achievementsof programplanrequirementsincludingthe goalsandperformance
targetsbefore beginningthe developmentof constructiondocuments.
Discussthe mainrelationshipbetweendesigncomponents.Identifyhow the performance of
the componentsisdependentonotherportionsof design.
Reviewthe budgetestimates.Includethe entire designteaminbudgetdiscussionandutilize
the group intellecttodetermineoptimalwaysof cuttingcostsand maintainingprojects
performance.
2. Certificationand schedule
Specifythe requirementsandresponsibilitiesof the contractorinthe certificationprocess.
Ensure the schedule allowsadequate timeforthe deconstructionof the structuresand
amenitiesandthe removal of vegetationsothattheyare not destroyedandcanbe recycled
or reused.
3. Drawings and Specifications
Developasite protectionplanthatminimize clearing,gradingandothersite disturbances.
Communicate the limitsof constructionandall areasto be fencedandprotectedthroughout
the construction
Provide specificlocationforstoringequipment,stockpilingmaterials,travel routesand
parkingareasfor constructionequipment.
Specifythe requirementsnecessaryforachievingthe sustainable guidelinesand
performance targetssuchas the appropriate disposal of invasivespecies,tree protection,
soil restorationtechniquesandconstructionwaste recycling.Includethe appropriate
verificationandtestingmethodstoconfirmcomponentsandsystemsare properly
functioning.
Developaplanto safe use and transportationof chemical,fuelsandotherhazardous
materials.Minimize thisstorage of materialsinsidethe site.
4. Manufacturers
Requestrecommendationfromthe manufacturersforpreferredmaintenance methodthat
have the leastenvironmental andhumanhealthimpacts
5. Constructionequipment
Specifythe constructionequipmentandpracticesthatreduce damage tothe site.Avoidthe
usage of oversize maintenance equipmentthatcausessoil compactionandvegetationloss.
Construction Observation
The integrateddesignprocessdoesnotendwiththe developmentof constructiondocuments.
Strategiesforencouragingcollaborationandachievingprojectgoalsandperformance targets
throughoutconstructioninclude thisfollowingnotes:
1. Developarelationshipwiththe contractorthatfocusedoncollaborationtowardsmutual
goals,as an opposedtoa feelingof oversightorpolicingof theirworks.
2. Reiterate projectsgoalsandperformance targetswiththe contractorandsub-contractors
throughoutthe constructionprocess.

5. 3. Require contractorsto track and reportprogresstowardsmeetinggoalsandperformance
targets
4. Use site visitsasopportunitiestocommunicate the basisfordesigndecisionsandtheir
envisionedendresults.
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References
7group and B. Reed.2009. The integrativedesign guideto green building. Hoboken,NJ:JohnWiley&
Sons.
AmericanSocietyof Landscape Architects.2009. Positiveeconomicnewscontinuesforlandscape
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Booth,N. 1990. Basics elements of landscapearchitecturedesign.ProspectsHeight.,ILWaveland.
Keeler, M., andBurke.2009/ Fundamentalsof Integrated design forSustainableBuilding. Hoboken,
NJ:John WileyandSons c
Kwok,A.W., W. Grondzik.2007. The green studio handbook: Environmentalstrategiesforschematic
design. New York:Architectural Press.