Jordan Desai Professor Mayes Planetary Science 200 23 September 2015 Comparing three Mars rovers Mars is not easy to reach or explore. Nearly two-thirds of all missions have failed. However, in recent years, the United States has had more success landing rovers. Of recent missions, two rovers essentially crash-landed in a cocoon of airbags and one soft-landed. The next missions were the twin rovers Spirit and Opportunity, which were launched a few weeks apart and landed on opposite sides of the planet in the summer of 2003, also using airbag technology. They both were the size of golf carts and outlasted their scheduled missions many times over. Curiosity landed in August 2012 and is the largest and most ambitious rover. The size and mass of a Mini Cooper, it survived a complex soft landing. Curiosity also supports the most complex science, containing drills, lasers, and a small analytical laboratory. Curiosity can communicate with Earth in three ways. First, Curiosity can engage in direct communication from the rover to Earth’s Deep Space Network. Second, Curiosity can use a fast relay via the orbiting Mars Odyssey spacecraft. Finally, Curiosity can utilize a slow relay to communicate via the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. The sceintific missions have focused on whether Mars once harbored flowing water. Specifically, the science studies Martian geology to determine how the rocks and soils formed. Based on how they form on Earth, many Martian discoveries appear to have followed a similar path, such as a long exposure to water or geology formed by intense heat and water. NASA has engaged in a few popular public relations efforts with the rover missions. One has been to invite students to name its rovers by submitting a short essay. Each naming invitation generates over 10,000 entries. Recent winners are listed below. Sojourner, submitted by a 12-year-old boy Spirit and Opportunity, submitted by a 9-year-old girl Curiosity, submitted by a 12-year-old girl The winner was also invited to see the launch. This file created specifically for Xingyu Mou This file created specifically for Xingyu Mou This file created specifically for Xingyu Mou Jordan Desai Professor Mayes Planetary Science 200 23 September 2015 Comparing three Mars rovers Mars is not easy to reach or explore. Nearly two-thirds of all missions have failed. However, in recent years, the United States has had more success landing rovers. Of recent missions, two rovers essentially crash-landed in a cocoon of airbags and one soft-landed. The next missions were the twin rovers Spirit and Opportunity, which were launched a few weeks apart and landed on opposite sides of the planet in the summer of 2003, also using airbag technology. They both were the size of golf carts and outlasted their scheduled missions many times over. Curiosity landed in August 2012 and is the largest and most ambitious rover. The size and mass of a Mini Cooper, it survived a complex soft landing. Curiosity also sup ...

1. Jordan Desai
Professor Mayes
Planetary Science 200
23 September 2015
Comparing three Mars rovers
Mars is not easy to reach or explore. Nearly two-thirds of all
missions have failed. However, in recent years, the United
States has had more success landing rovers. Of recent missions,
two rovers essentially crash-landed in a cocoon of airbags and
one soft-landed.
The next missions were the twin rovers Spirit and Opportunity,
which were launched a few weeks apart and landed on opposite
sides of the planet in the summer of 2003, also using airbag
technology. They both were the size of golf carts and outlasted
their scheduled missions many times over.
Curiosity landed in August 2012 and is the largest and most
ambitious rover. The size and mass of a Mini Cooper, it
survived a complex soft landing. Curiosity also supports the
most complex science, containing drills, lasers, and a small
analytical laboratory.
Curiosity can communicate with Earth in three ways. First,
Curiosity can engage in direct communication from the rover to
Earth’s Deep Space Network. Second, Curiosity can use a fast
relay via the orbiting Mars Odyssey spacecraft. Finally,
Curiosity can utilize a slow relay to communicate via the Mars
Reconnaissance Orbiter.
The sceintific missions have focused on whether Mars once
harbored flowing water. Specifically, the science studies
Martian geology to determine how the rocks and soils formed.
Based on how they form on Earth, many Martian discoveries
appear to have followed a similar path, such as a long exposure
to water or geology formed by intense heat and water.
NASA has engaged in a few popular public relations efforts
with the rover missions. One has been to invite students to name

2. its rovers by submitting a short essay. Each naming invitation
generates over 10,000 entries. Recent winners are listed below.
Sojourner, submitted by a 12-year-old boy
Spirit and Opportunity, submitted by a 9-year-old girl
Curiosity, submitted by a 12-year-old girl
The winner was also invited to see the launch.
This file created specifically for Xingyu Mou
This file created specifically for Xingyu Mou
This file created specifically for Xingyu Mou
Jordan Desai
Professor Mayes
Planetary Science 200
23 September 2015
Comparing three Mars rovers
Mars is not easy to reach or explore. Nearly two-thirds of all
missions have failed. However, in recent years, the United
States has had more success landing rovers. Of recent missions,
two rovers essentially crash-landed in a cocoon of airbags and
one soft-landed.
The next missions were the twin rovers Spirit and Opportunity,
which were launched a few weeks apart and landed on opposite
sides of the planet in the summer of 2003, also using airbag
technology. They both were the size of golf carts and outlasted
their scheduled missions many times over.
Curiosity landed in August 2012 and is the largest and most
ambitious rover. The size and mass of a Mini Cooper, it
survived a complex soft landing. Curiosity also supports the
most complex science, containing drills, lasers, and a small
analytical laboratory.
Curiosity can communicate with Earth in three ways. First,
Curiosity can engage in direct communication from the rover to
Earth’s Deep Space Network. Second, Curiosity can use a fast
relay via the orbiting Mars Odyssey spacecraft. Finally,
Curiosity can utilize a slow relay to communicate via the Mars

3. Reconnaissance Orbiter.
The sceintific missions have focused on whether Mars once
harbored flowing water. Specifically, the science studies
Martian geology to determine how the rocks and soils formed.
Based on how they form on Earth, many Martian discoveries
appear to have followed a similar path, such as a long exposure
to water or geology formed by intense heat and water.
NASA has engaged in a few popular public relations efforts
with the rover missions. One has been to invite students to name
its rovers by submitting a short essay. Each naming invitation
generates over 10,000 entries. Recent winners are listed below.
Sojourner, submitted by a 12-year-old boy
Spirit and Opportunity, submitted by a 9-year-old girl
Curiosity, submitted by a 12-year-old girl
The winner was also invited to see the launch.
This file created specifically for Xingyu Mou
This file created specifically for Xingyu Mou
This file created specifically for Xingyu Mou
Shelly Cashman Word 2013| Chapter 2: SAM Project 1a
Shelly Cashman Word 2013
Chapter 2: SAM Project 1a
Comparing Mars Rovers
creating a short research paper
Project Goal
M Project Name
Project Goal
PROJECT DESCRIPTION

4. Your professor in Planetary Science has asked you to research
Mars rovers and how NASA encourages public interest in Mars
exploration. You will write a short paper using the MLA format.
To credit your sources, you will include a Works Cited page at
the end.GETTING STARTED
· Download the following file from the SAM website:
· SC_Word2013_C2_P1a_FirstLastName_1.docx
· Open the file you just downloaded and save it with the name:
· SC_Word2013_C2_P1a_FirstLastName_2.docx
· Hint: If you do not see the .docx file extension in the Save file
dialog box, do not type it. Word will add the file extension for
you automatically.
· With the file SC_Word2013_C2_P1a_FirstLastName_2.docx
still open, ensure that your first and last name is displayed in
the footer. If the footer does not display your name, delete the
file and download a new copy from the SAM website.
PROJECT STEPS
1. Modify the document’s Normal style by changing its font to
Times New Roman, font size to 12 pt., and line spacing to
double with no blank space after paragraphs.
2. Select all of the text in the document and apply the Normal
style to it.
3. Insert a header:
a. Insert a blank header at the top of the page.
b. Right-align the blank paragraph in the header.
c. Type the text Desai, press the SPACEBAR, and then insert a
Plain Number page number from the Current Position gallery.
d. Close the header view.
4. Center-align the title paragraph “Comparing three Mars
rovers” and then change the case to Capitalize Each Word.
5. Select the body paragraphs starting with “Mars is not easy…”
and ending with “NASA has engaged…” and create a First Line
indent at 0.5”.
6. Move the insertion point to the end of the sentence “Of recent
missions…one soft-landed.” Press the ENTER key to begin a
new line and then type a new body paragraph with the following

5. text:
The first lander, Sojourner, part of the Mars Pathfinder mission,
was about the size of a milk crate and weighed 33 pounds. It
landed using airbags on July 4, 1997, and stayed active 10 times
longer than scheduled.
(Hint: Italicize the name of the rover, but do not bold the body
text.)
7. Change the Citations & Bibliography Style of the document
to MLA Seventh Edition.
8. Find the phrase “…using airbag technology” in the third body
paragraph. Move the insertion point before the period in that
sentence and insert a citation using the source information
shown in Figure 1 below.
Figure 1: Web Citation
Microsoft product screenshots used with permission from
Microsoft Corporation.
Copyright © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
9. Edit the citation to add the page number 1.
10. Find the phrase “…survived a complex soft landing” in the
fourth body paragraph. Move the insertion point before the
period in that sentence and insert a citation using the source
information shown in Figure 2 below.Figure 2: Journal Citation
Copyright © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
11. Edit the second citation to add the page number 289.
12. Find the phrase “…the rocks and soils formed” in the sixth
body paragraph. Move the insertion point before the period in
that sentence and insert a citation using the source information
shown in Figure 3 below.
Figure 3: Book Citation
Copyright © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

6. 13. Edit the third citation to add the page numbers 46-47.
14. Move the insertion point after the period in the sentence
“NASA has engaged…with the rover missions.” Insert a
footnote with the text:
Some rovers even have Twitter accounts to engage the public.
15. Modify the Footnote Text style by changing its font size to
12 pt., the line spacing to double, and adding a First Line indent
at 0.5”. Apply the modified style to the footnote text.
16. Select the three paragraphs starting with “Sojourner,
submitted by a 12-year-old boy” and ending with “Curiosity,
submitted by a 12-year-old girl” and create a bulleted list.
17. Move the insertion point to the end of page two and insert a
manual page break to create a new page three.
18. On page three, apply the Normal style to the first blank
paragraph and then center-align the paragraph. Type the title
Works Cited, press ENTER,and then left-align the blank
paragraph.
19. Use the Insert Bibliography command to insert a list of
sources.
20. Check the Spelling & Grammar in the document to identify
and correct any spelling errors. (Hint: You should find and
correct at least 1 spelling error.)
Your document should look like the Final Figure on the
following pages. Save your changes, close the document, and
exit Word. Follow the directions on the SAM website to submit
your completed project.
Final Figure
Copyright © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
2