Music8_q2mod1_japan_korea_china_dondo_avello_bgo_v2.pdf

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Music of East Asia
Japan, China, and Korea
Module in Music 8
Second Quarter
AVELLO Z. DONDO JR.
Developer
Department of Education • Cordillera Administrative Region

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Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Cordillera Administrative Region
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF CAR
Wangal, La Trinidad, Benguet
Published by:
Learning Resource Management and Development System
COPYRIGHT NOTICE
2020
Section 9 of Presidential Decree No. 49 provides:
“No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines.
However, prior approval of the government agency of office wherein the work is
created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit.”
This material has been developed for the implementation of K-12 Curriculum
through the Curriculum Implementation Division (CID)—Learning Resource
Management and Development System (LRMDS). It can be reproduced for
educational purposes and the source must be acknowledged. Derivatives of the work
including creating an edited version, an enhancement or a supplementary work are
permitted provided all original work is acknowledged and the copyright is attributed.
No work may be derived from this material for commercial purposes and profit.

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PREFACE
This module is a project of the Curriculum Implementation Division particularly
the Learning Resources Management and Development Unit, Department of
Education, Schools Division of CAR which is in response to the implementation of
the K to 12 Curriculum.
This Learning Material is a property of the Department of Education- CID,
Schools Division of CAR. It aims to improve students’ performance specifically in
MAPEH.
Date of Development September 2020
Resource Location DepEd Schools Division of Baguio City
Learning Area MAPEH
Grade Level 8
Learning Resource Type Module
Language English
Quarter/Week Quarter 2 /Week 1
Learning Competency Code MU8SE-lla-h-2; MU8SE-llb-h-5;
MU8SE-lc-h6; MU8SE-lc-h7
Learning Competency
1. Listens perceptively to music of
East Asia.
2. Explores ways of producing
sounds on a variety of sources
that would simulate instruments
being studied.
3. Improvises simple
accompaniment to selected East
Asian music.
4. Performs music from East Asia
with own accompaniment

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The developer wishes to express his gratitude to those who helped in the
development of this learning material. The accomplishment of this module would not
be possible without these people who gave their support, encouragement, undivided
time, and attention.
The developer also thanks his family Jean, David, and Irish O. Dondo. To his
daughter who, despite her own busyness in her schoolwork, lent her talent in
drawing the incredible artwork that brought life to the cover of this module.
And to everyone who, in one way or another, shared their time and skills in
the completion of this learning module.
Development Team:
Developer/s: Avello Z. Dondo Jr.
Illustrator/s: Danielle Irish Gwyneth O. Dondo
Layout Artist: Jennifer C. Pinlac
School Learning Resources Management Committee
Rosanna D. Dizon School Head / Principal
Lilibeth B. Balutoc Asst. School Head / Principal
Veronica Daisa School LR Coordinator
Quality Assurance
Lolita A. Manzano, Ed.D. EPS – MAPEH
Niño M. Tibangay, Ed.D. PSDS – District III
Learning Resources Management Section Staff
Loida C. Mangangey EPS-LRMDS
Victor A. Fernandez Educational Program Specialist II LRMDS
Christopher Davis G. Oliva Project development Officer II LRMDS
Priscilla A. Dis-iw Librarian II
Lily B. Mabalot Librarian I
Ariel Botacion Administrative Assistant
CONSULTANTS
JULIET C. SANNAD, EdD
Chief Education Supervisor –CID
CHRISTOPHER C. BENIGNO, PhD
Asst. Schools Division Superintendent
MARIE CAROLYN B. VERANO, CESO V
Schools Division Superintendent

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
COPYRIGHT NOTICE …………………………………………..……...…..…... ii
PREFACE………………………………………………………………...…….…. iii
ACKNOWLEDGMENT………………………………………………. …….….... iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS……………………………………………….……...…. v
Music of East Asia … …………..………………………………………………… 1
What I Need to Know…………………………………………………………….. 2
What I Know.…………………………………………………………………….... 3
What’s In …………………………………………………………….……………. 4
What’s New………………………………………………………….……………. 5
Activity 1: Puzzle ………… …….………………………………………….. 5
What is It……………………………………….……………….………………….. 6
What’s More……………………………………...……………………………….. 7
Activity 1: Listen and Describe…… ……………………….……………..... 16
Activity 2: Crossword Puzzle ….…… ……………………….…………….. 17
What I Have Learned ……………………………………………………………. 18
What I can Do ……………………………………………………………………. 19
Activity 1: Create an Instrument…………………………….…………… 19
Assessment ……………………. ..………………………………………………. 20
Additional Activity .……………. ..………………………………………………. 21
ANSWER KEY…………………....………………………………………………. 22
REFERENCES…………………………………………………………………….. 23

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Music of East Asia
Japan, China, and Korea
Module in Music 8
Second Quarter
AVELLO Z. DONDO JR.
Developer
Department of Education • Cordillera Administrative Region

2
WHAT I NEED TO KNOW
The content of this module is about East Asian music. It is focused on the
Vocal and Instrumental music of Japan, China, and Korea.
This module was intended for you to learn, find, and understand East Asian
music. It is very essential to read thoroughly the directions in each activity. Be sure
to finish the activities one at a time before advancing to the next.
FOR THE LEARNER:
As the learner, you need to answer all questions and do all activities in this
module. Internet connection is also needed to help you in all the activities that you
are going to do however if you do not have access to an internet connection, do not
worry. Just tell your teacher to give you the copy of the songs included in here.
As you go over this module, be sure to carefully read the instructions and
finish the activities one at a time before proceeding to the next. Do not leave any
questions unanswered or any needed activity undone before passing this module. If
there are questions or clarifications feel free to inquire from your teacher.
Return this module to your teacher a week. Good luck, you can do it!
FOR THE FACILITATOR:
As the facilitator, you need to follow-up if the learner is doing all the activities
on time. Coordinate with the parents / guardian to assist their child / ward.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
1. Identify through music listening the characteristics of East Asian music
(Japan, China, and Korea) in relation to their history and culture.
2. Identify similarities and differences of the music of East Asia.
3. Describe how the musical elements reflects East Asian culture.
4. Compare and classify the musical instruments.

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WHAT I KNOW
TRUE or FALSE. Write TRUE if the statement is true and write FALSE if the
statement is incorrect. Accomplish this task on this activity sheet.
_____1. Sog-ak is a category of Korean music traditionally associated with the lower
classes or for the public and are vibrant and energetic.
_____2. Chinese believed that sound influences the harmony of the universe.
_____3. Japanese musicians show their self-mastery in mastering his/her vocal
more than simply perfecting a technique.
_____4. Traditional Korean instruments can be divided into four.
_____5. Chinese musicians must show the spiritual self-mastery in their
performance and composure.
_____6. The physical energy and sheer of Odaiko integrate in many Japanese
festival.
_____7. Haegum instrument held horizontally on the knee of the performer.
_____8. Nokan has no specific pitch relationship with the melody of the chanting.
_____9. Zheng is one of the oldest Chinese musical instruments.
_____10. A free reed musical instrument that was introduced from China is called
Biwa.
_____11. Taiko is a Percussion instrument.
_____12. Changgo is considered as string instrument.
_____13. Sho has 12 to 36 bamboo pipes.
_____14. Pengling is are made of silver and gold.
_____15. Chong-ak means “right or correct music.”

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WHAT’S IN
Before we start our lesson, let us find out if you still remember about
Southeast Asian music. Do these activities to help you recall the lesson in Quarter 1
in Music.
Are you ready!
ACTIVITY 1: Describe the Past
Can you recall the following ensembles in Southeast Asia? Listed below are the
ensembles in Southeast Asia. Describe each ensemble.
1. Gamelan -
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
2. Pinpeat -
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
3. Hasaing Waing-
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
4. Phipat -
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
Were you able to describe the four ensembles of Southeast Asian?
1. Gamelan orchestra is the most popular form of music in Indonesia. There
are two famous Gamelan orchestra in Indonesia the Javanese and
Balinese.
2. Pinpeat is a Cambodian musical ensemble or an orchestra that usually
accompanies ceremonial music of the royal courts and temples.
3. Hsaing Waing is a Myanmar’s traditional folk music ensemble. It is made
up of different gongs and drums, and finally
4. Phipat is a mid-sized orchestra that is performed in either outdoor style or
indoor style.

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WHAT’S NEW
Directions: Try to find at least ten instruments in the puzzle. List down the name of
the instruments you in the column assigned for it. Indicate whether it is from Japan,
China, or Korea. Write your answer in your answer sheet.
Name of Instrument Name of Origin
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

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WHAT IS IT
In this module we will learn the Vocal and Instrumental music of East Asia,
specifically from Japan, China, and Korea. Enjoy reading and learning!
JAPAN
Through this lesson, you will discover the
traditional music of Japan through their vocal
(folk songs) and instrumental music. Japanese
vocal music is quite different from the western
vocal music and is based on the intervals of
human breathing rather than mathematical
timing and how Japanese musicians show their
spiritual self-mastery in mastering his or her
instrument more than simply perfecting a
technique of some sort and how they give value
to their performance and composure.
INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC OF JAPAN
Traditional Japanese music is basically meditative in character. Its
performance is highly ritualized, as much in the music itself, as in the composure of
the musicians when performing it. Japanese chamber and solo music have a slow
meditative pace.
The performance of Japanese music has traditionally been of a spiritual
character, similarly to martial arts and to other forms of art such as the tea ceremony
and calligraphy. It is usually about religious festivals, work, dance, love, and regional
songs. This is the reason why music has become highly ritualized. Musicians must
show this spiritual self-mastery in mastering his or her instrument, more than simply
perfecting a technique of some sort and providing entertainment.
DID YOU KNOW THAT!
J-pop is an abbreviation for
Japanese popular music. This is a
musical genre that started in
Japan in the 1990’s.

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JAPANESE MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
A. Percussion Instruments
(Membranophone)
1. Odaiko (big drum) – the physical energy
and sheer excitement of an odaiko performance is
an integral part of many Japanese matsuri
(festivals).
2. Tsuzumi (hourglass-shape) – there
are two varieties, the smaller kotsuzumi
and the larger otsuzumi. They are used in
both noh and kabuki performance. The
kotsuzumi is held on the right shoulder
and the player alters the tone by
squeezing the laces. The otsuzumi is
placed on the left thigh. Like all other
traditional arts in Japan, there are several
schools of tsuzumi matsuri (festival).
3. Tsuridaiko – a large hanging barrel
drum. This small barrel drum is primarily
played to accompany bugaku, the traditional
court dances of Japan.

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4. Taiko – is a Japanese drum that comes in various sizes and is used to play a
variety of musical genres. It has become particularly popular in recent years as the
central instrument of percussion ensembles whose instrument of percussion
ensembles whose repertory is based on a variety of folk and festival music of the
past.
B. String Instruments (Chordophone)
1. Koto – is a 13-string zither, about
two meters long and made of
Paulownia wood. It is plucked using
picks on the thumb and first two
fingers of the right hand, while the
left hand can be used to modify pitch
and tone. Koto is used in an
ensemble in gagaku or a solo
instrument.
2. Shamisen – is a plucked
stringed instrument. Its construction
follows a model like that of a guitar or a
banjo, employing a neck, and strings
stretched across a resonating body.
The neck of the shamisen is fretless
and is slimmer than that of a guitar or a
banjo.
3. Biwa – is a Japanese short-
necked fretted lute, often used in
narrative storytelling. The biwa is
the chosen instrument of Benten,
the goddess of music,
expressiveness, poetry, and
education in Japanese Shinto.

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C. Wind Instruments (Aerophone)
1. Shakuhachi – the most famous flute
made from bamboo. It has four or five
finger holes on the front face and a
thumbhole on the rear face. As with
other instruments above, it was
imported from China for gagaku.
2. Nokan – a parallel,
bamboo flute (fue) is the only melodic
instrument used in noh. The melody of
the flute has no specific pitch relationship
with the melody of the chanting.
3. Hichiriki – is a double reed
Japanese flute (fue) used as one of
two main melodic instruments in
Japanese gagaku music, the other
being the ryūteki.
4. Sho – is a Japanese free
reed musical instrument that was
introduced from China during the Nara
period.

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5. Shinobue – is also called takebue in the
context of Japanese traditional arts. It is a
Japanese transverse flute or fue that has
a high-pitched sound.
6. Ryūteki – literally “dragon flute” is a
Japanese transverse fue made of
bamboo. It is used in gagaku.
CHINA
For several thousand years
Chinese culture was dominated by
the teachings of the philosopher
Confucius. He conceived music in the
highest sense as a means of calming
the passion and of dispelling unrest
and lust, rather than as form
amusement.
Traditionally, the Chinese believed
that the sound influences the harmony of
the universe. Significantly, one of the
most important duties of the first emperor
of each ‘new dynasty was to search out
and establish that dynasty’s through
standard of pitch. A result of this
philosophical orientation was that the
Chinese theoretically opposed music
performed solely for entertainment.

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The Beauty of Erhu
The tone of erhu is mellow and bright, like the violin, yet more soulful and
expressive. And it can imitate many natural sounds such as the sounds of birds
and horse. Its midrange and high frequency stand out and enables it to perform
music with a variety of moods, especially melancholic tunes, but also capable of
playing merry melodies.
CHINESE MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
1. Yueqin – a moon-shaped lute with shorter
neck and four strings, played with spectrum,
used for accompanying local operas.
2. Pipa – a four-stringed lute with 30
frets and a pear-shaped body. This
instrument has an extremely wide
dynamics range and remarkable
expressive power.
3. Erhu – a stringed fiddle and one of
the most popular Chinese instruments. It is
used as a solo instrument as well as in
small ensembles or large orchestra, and
by various ethnic groups.

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4. Yunluo – literally means “cloud
songs” or “cloud of gongs,” the
yunluo is a set of ten small, tuned
gongs mounted in a wooden
frame. The yunluo’s gongs are
generally of equal diameter but
different thickness. The thicker
gongs produce a higher pitch.
5. Sheng – also called as Chinese mouth
organ and looks like a set of panpipes with
12 to 36 bamboo pipes. Each pipe is of
different length with a brass reed at the
bottom and a hole that must be blocked for
the note to sound. This makes it possible to
sound several notes simultaneously, so
chords and melody can be performed at the
same time. Sheng is one of the oldest
Chinese musical instruments.
6. Dizi – is the traditional
Chinese flute. It can have a
membrane over an extra hole to
give the characteristic rattle effect.
The player plays the dizi by blowing
across the mouthpiece and
produces the different notes by
stopping the six holes found in the
rod.
7. Zheng – an ancient
Chinese instrument that has an
arched surface and an
elongated-trapezoid with 13 to 21
strings stretched over individual
bridges, its playing range spans
three to four octaves.

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8. Pengling – these are two small
bells made of high-tin bronze, without
internal clappers, and hemispheric or
bottomless gourd-like in shape. The
instrument has a delicate, clarion, and
melodious tone. It is a coloring rhythmic
instrument, either in ensembles or in
theater music, bringing an effect of
peaceful dreams.
KOREA
Korea’s folk music tradition,
with its generous use of bright
rhythms and melodies, offers a more
energetic and capricious contrast to
the nation’s collection of classical
music works. Folk music represents
the soul and sound of traditional
Korean villages with an eclectic array
of music forms including numerous
folk songs, various forms of
instrumental pieces, pansori, and
shaman ritual music.
Chong-ak means literally “right (or correct) music” and its tradition includes
both instrumental and vocal music, which were cultivated mainly by the upper-class
literati of the Joseon society. Chong-ak also refers to ensemble music for men of
high social status outside of the court. In this category, three important terms are a-
ak, tang-ak, and hyang-ak.
Song-ak or minsogak is a category of Korean music traditionally associated
with the lower classes or for the public and are vibrant and energetic. It includes
genres such as pansori and minyo. Pansori is a kind of music presented to
audiences by skilled and drummers. But even the unskilled could sing these songs.
They sang when they worked in the rice paddy or fields, sang when they went off
with their lover, and sang when their life was troubled and weighing them down.
INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC OF KOREA
Korean music, especially in South Korea, has a rich vocal traditional and
diverse instruments and music forms. Folk songs, religious works, court music, and

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shaman rituals all express the soul of a nation whose history is filled with colorful and
fascinating tales. Traditional Korean music represents a world of captivating rhythms
and melodies whose sounds draw listeners in like a breath. Koreans sang songs
when they could not hold their sadness in.
Traditional Korean instruments can be broadly divided into three groups:
string, wind, and percussion instruments.
Korean Musical Instruments
A. String Instruments
1. Kayagum (gayageum) – is a
traditional Korean zither-like string
instrument., with 12 strings,
although are recently variants have
been constructed with 21 or more
numbers of strings. It is probably
the best-known traditional Korean
musical instrument.
2. Geomungo – this six-string plucked
zither is a traditional Korean stringed
musical instrument of the zither family or
instruments with both bridges and frets.
Scholars believe that the name refers to
goguryeo zither or that is refers to the
color that
translates to
“black crane zither.”
3. Haegum (two-string
vertical fiddle) – has a
rod-like neck, a hallow
wooden soundbox, two
silk strings, and is held
vertically on the knee of
the performer and
played with a bow.

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B. Wind Instrument
1. Piri – used in both the folk and
classical (court) music of Korea.
it is made of bamboo. Its large
reed and cylindrical bore give it a
sound mellower than that of
many other types of oboe.
C. Percussion Instrument
1. Changgo – is the most widely used
drum in the traditional music of Korea. It is available
in most kinds, and consists of an hourglass, shape
body with two heads made from animal skin. The two
heads produce sounds of different pitch and timbre,
which when played together are believed to represent
the harmony of man and woman.
DID YOU KNOW THAT
“Takyeonggeum,” or geomungo was the
first-string instrument in Korea. They believed to
be from Three Kingdoms era in the first century
B.C. and “Geumhapjado” which is the first score
for geomungo.

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WHAT’S MORE
ACTIVITY 1: Listen and Describe. Copy the YouTube link below to your internet
browser. Listen carefully and describe how the instruments were played. Answer the
questions below on your answer sheet.
Classify the instrument heard into string, percussion, or wind.
What kind of feeling or mood does it express?
1. Koto _____________________https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JDTp_YQizqE
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
2. Shamisen ________________https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s7VD9spSwQ0
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
3. Changgo ________________ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mhyh4CYaxok
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
4. Shinobue ________________ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0abKi4MCgOs
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
5. Sho ____________________ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BA-KnBunboM
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

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ACTIVITY 2: Crossword Puzzle. Complete the crossword by supplying the word
that fits the clue.
WHAT I HAVE LEARNED
Japan, China, and Korea maintained their culture and tradition through their
music even as they embraced economic progress and technological advancement.
Today, the younger generation still shows deep appreciation for their history through
their use and incorporation of traditional musical instruments into new and modern
compositions.

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Based on what you have learned from the lesson on East Asian Instruments,
write at least 3 descriptions for the musical instruments of Japan, China, and Korea.
1. Japanese Instruments
 _____________________________________________________________
 _____________________________________________________________
 _____________________________________________________________
2. Chinese Instruments
 _____________________________________________________________
 _____________________________________________________________
 _____________________________________________________________
3. Korean Instruments
 _____________________________________________________________
 _____________________________________________________________
 _____________________________________________________________

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WHAT CAN I DO
To prepare you for the next module, create an instrument inspired by East
Asian instrument. This will serve as your performance task. Please be guided with
the given rubric.
1. Create a musical instrument out of recyclable materials that you can find in
your surroundings and explore the sound variations from it.
2. Choose a material that will last during the performance.
3. Show the process through a short video with your own narration.
4. Play a simple song from the songs in your province/regions and
accompany it using your improvised instrument.
5. Send the video to your teacher through GC, Google Classroom, or
Messenger.
Rubrics:
Criteria 6 points 8 points 10 points Total
Materials 60%-70% of the
materials used
is recyclable.
80%-90% of the
materials used is
recyclable.
All materials are
recyclable.
Quality The quality of
the instrument
is somewhat
sturdy.
The quality of the
instrument is
almost perfectly
done.
The quality of the
instrument is
perfectly done.
Variation of
Sound
The improvised
instrument used
1 variation.
The improvised
instrument used
2 variations.
The improvised
instrument used
3 or more
variations.
Tonal Quality Tonal quality
does not
conform with
the correct tone
of the song
most of the time
Tonal quality
sometimes is not
in its correct
tone.
Tonal quality
exceeds
expectation
Overall Impact The singing
voice does not
blend with the
instrument must
of the time
The singing
voice/instrument
sometimes does
not blends well
The singing
voice blends well
with the
instruments
played and it
exceeds
Score

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POST ASSESSMENT
MODIFIED TRUE or FALSE. Write TRUE if the statement is true. If not, write
FALSE and UNDERLINE the word that makes it false. Accomplish this task on this
activity sheet.
_____1. Sog-ak is a category of Korean music traditionally associated with the lower
classes or for the general public and are vibrant and energetic.
_____2. Chinese believed that sound influences the harmony of the universe.
_____3. Japanese musicians show their self-mastery in mastering his/her vocal
more than simply perfecting a technique.
_____4. Traditional Korean instruments can be divided into four.
_____5. Chinese musicians must show the spiritual self-mastery in their
performance and composure.
_____6. The physical energy and sheer of Odaiko integrate in many Japanese
festival.
_____7. Haegum instrument held horizontally on the knee of the performer.
_____8. Nokan has no specific pitch relationship with the melody of the chanting.
_____9. Zheng is one of the oldest Chinese musical instruments.
_____10. A free reed musical instrument that was introduced from China is called
Biwa.
_____11. Taiko is a Percussion instrument.
_____12. Changgo is considered as string instrument.
_____13. Sho has 12 to 36 bamboo pipes.
_____14. Pengling is are made of silver and gold.
_____15. Chong-ak means “right or correct music.”

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ADDITIONAL ACTIVITY
PAPER COLLAGE.
Below is one of the instruments in East Asian Music. Give beauty or life to it
by using different types of recyclabled paper (ex. magazine or newspaper). Please
be guided by the given rubric.
Criteria 8 points 9 points 10 points Total
Materials
60%-70% of the
materials used is
recyclable.
80%-90% of the
materials used
is recyclable.
All materials
are recyclable.
Colors Used 2 colors
only
Used 3 colors
only
4 or more
colors.
Neatness Some parts are
not clean
Most parts are
clean
It is perfectly
done.
Score

22
KEY ANSWER
PRE-ASSESSMENT
1.
True
or
False
2.
True
3.
True
4.
False
5.
False
6.
False
7.
True
8.
False
9.
True
10.
False
11.
False
12.
True
13.
False
14.
False
15.
False
16.
True
ASSESSMENT
True
or
False
1.
True
2.
True
3.
False
–
Vocal
4.
False
–
Four
5.
False
–
Chinese
6.
True
7.
False
–
Horizontally
8.
True
9.
False
–
Zheng
10.
False
–
Biwa
11.
True
12.
False
–
String
13.
False
–
Sho
14.
False
–
Silver
and
Gold
15.
True
What’s
New
(Random)
1.
Odaiko
–
Japan
2.
Nokan
–
Japan
3.
Biwa
–
Japan
4.
Shamisen
–
Japan
5.
Sho
–
Japan
6.
Koto
–
Japan
7.
Pipa
–
China
8.
Yunluo
–
China
9.
Pengling
–
China
10.
Dizi
–
China
11.
Kayagum
–
Korea
12.
Changgo
–
Korea
13.
Piri
–
Korea
14.
Haegum
–
Korea
15.
Geomungo
–
Korea
What’s
More
Crossword
Puzzle
Down
Kayagum
3.
Sheng
5.
Pipa
6.
Erhu
7.
Chongak
9.
Pengling
Across
2.
Changgo
4.
Shakuhachi
8.
Haegum

23
REFERENCES
Anido, Belinda R., Baldoz, Augusto D., Parakikya, Myrna T., Music & Arts of Asia
Learner’ Manual, Pp. 63-77
http://andrewsalamanca.com/2016/05/gu-zheng/
http://cultureofchinese.com/traditions/crafts-performing-arts/erhu-chinese-musical
instrument/
http://cultureofchinese.com/traditions/crafts-performing-arts/erhu-chinese-musical-
instrument/ September 18, 2020
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janggu
https://freevectormaps.com/CN/CN-EPS-02-6001?ref=activity
http://harpgear.com/gome/
https://japan-magazine.jnto.go.jp/en/1604_taiken.html
httphs://sites.fas.harvard.edu/~hsa13/tutorials/music/yunluo2.html
https://lasueta.files.wordpress.com/2008/06/nokan-360.jpg
https://taiko-shop.com/products/gaku-biwa
https://taiko-shop.com/blogs/learn/types-of-shinobue-flute-name-and-origin-where
did-the-shinobue-come-from
https://www.biography.com/scholar/confucius
https://www.britannica.com/art/Korean-music
https://www.chinawhisper.com/top-10-chinese-musical-instruments/
https://www.dreamstime.com/illustration/taiko.html
https://www.japanese-vintage.org/fue_japan_2018nov25
http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20110511000879
https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/503052
https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/500706

24
https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/tv/blends/20190126/6020035/
http://www.paulnoll.com/China/Music/mus-02.html
http://www.paulnoll.com/China/Music/mus-20.html
https://www.pixtastock.com/illustration/8444607
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/27443878953057766/
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/518899188288050416/ September 18, 2020
https://www.senzoku-online.jp/TMDL/e/02-shamisen.html
http://www.soundofasia.com/concert-12stringed-kayag12.html
https://www.soundofmountain.com/beginner-level-maple-yueqin-instrument-chinese-
moon-guitar/
https://www.soundofmountain.com/professional-piano-laquer-coated-hardwood-pipa-
instrument-with-accessories-1/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pQS26W3QmfI. September 18, 2020

25
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