3. The machine consist of a set of
independently rotating cylinder.
we associate each input and output pin
with a letter of the alphabet, then a single
cylinder defines a monoalphabetic
substitution.
for example:
An operate depresses the key for the
letter
4.
5. The result is there are 26*26*26=17,576
Different substitution alphabets used before
the system repeats
setting o a5- rotor machine is equivalent to
a vigenere cipher with a key length of
11,881,376.
such a scheme presents a formidable
cryptanalytic challenge
7. A plaintext message may be hidden in one
of two ways.
The method of steganography conceal the
Existence of the message.
one that is time-consuming to construct
The sequence of first letter of each word
the overall message spells out the hidden
message.
8. Character marking:
b Selected letters of printed or typewritten
text are over written in pencil.
Invisible:
A number of substances can be used for
writing but leave no visible trace until heat or
some chemical is applied to the paper
9. TRANSPOSITION TECHNIQUES
A very different kind of mapping is
achieved by performing some sort of
permutation on the plaintext letter.
The simplest such cipher is the rail
fence technique.
meet me after the toga party with
Railway fence of depth2,we write the
following
10. for ex:
m e m a t r h t g p r y
e t e f e t e o a a t
The encrypted message is
MEMATRHTGPRYETEFETEOAAT
12. ONE TIME PAD:
New message requires a new
key of the same length as the new message
Such a scheme known as a
one-time-pad.
it produces random output that
bears no statistical relationship to the
plaintext.
Simply no way to break the code.
13. VERNAM CHIPHER:
Vern am cipher is a
symmetrical stream cipher.
The same length, to generate
the ciphertext,using the Boolean "exclusive
or”(XOR)function.
The result will be a truly
random cipher text which bears no relation to
the original plaintext.
14. for ex:
In the example below,we want to the
transmitted the word HELLO which is stored
on the plaintext tape.
Incase the sequence AXHJB.
15. VERNAM CIPHER AUTOKEY SYSTEM:
In the illustration below,the
ciphertext tape is on the left`
It is XOR ad with a copy of the
original.
Key tape (AXHJB),resulting in the
original plaintext: "HELLO”.