Nidra is a basic daily regimen to live a healthy and happy life, so I have prepared ppt which has ayurvedic as well as the modern concepts of it.

1. OM SHRI DHANWANTHARI NAMAH

2. Presentation on
Nidra - Vital Pillar of Life
By
Dr Pratima Gupta
Professor
Department of Sharir Kriya
KVG Ayurveda Medical Colleg
e & Hospital, Sullia, Karnataka
Under the Guidance
Dr Vaidehi Vinay Raole
Professor
Department of Sharir Kriya
Parul University
Vadodara, Gujrat

3. Highlights
• Introduction
• Nidra-from Samhitas
• Concept of sleep- in integrative medicine
• Sleep Physiology
• Sleep Disorders
• Sleep-An essential parameter in clinical practice
• Researches on sleep
• Conclusion
3

4. Introduction
“Each night, when I go to sleep, I die, and the next morning, when I woke up
I am reborn” (Mahatma Gandhi)
• Nidra is a part of daily rituals and Ayurveda eternal science has given
importance to dinacharya, ritucharya to fullfill the aim of Ayurveda.
• Nidra is one of the trayoupsthamba (Ahara, Nidra and Brihmachrya)
plays a key role in maintenance of health and to have a long life span.
• Nidra is one of the Adharneeye vegas (non suppressible urges).
• The recent epidemiological studies suggest minimum sleep of 7-8
hours duration is needed to be healthy.
• Researches suggest that an appropriate sleep can help to lower the
prevalence rate of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular
diseases, anxiety, obesity etc.
4

5. 5
NIdra
In Samhitas

6. Etymology
▣ Ni+Dra+Aung = Nidra (sabdakalpadruma)
Synonyms
 Charaka – Bhutadhatri
 Susrutha – Vaishnavi maya
 Amarkosha – Shyanam, Svapah, Svapnam
 Vaidyaka Sabda Sindhu – Suptih, Svapnam
 Manduka Upanishad - Susupti
6

7. Definition
1. Acharya Charak: Nidra is a condition in which manas
including indriyas dissociate themselves from the objects.
2. Acharya Dalhana: Nidra is the state of combination of
mind and intellectual in which the person feels happy.
3. Acharya Vagbhatta: Nidra is produced from tamas at the
time of commencement of the creation.
4. Acharya Vyas: Nidra is a state of unconsciousness, but
the consciousness remains about his own unconsciousness.
5. Mandukya upanishad: Nidra is a condition in which atma
does not have any dream or desire for anything and that
state is called susupti.
7

8. Mechanism of Nidra
“यदा तु मनसि क्लान्तॆ कमाात्मनः क्लमान्वितः ।
सिषयेभ्यो सनितान्ते तदा स्वपसत मानिाः॥”
(च.िू 21/35)
Exhaustion of mind and senses
unable to perceive the knowledge of corresponding
sense organ
dissociation between atma, manas & indriyas
सनद्रा
8

9. श्लेष्मािृतेषु स्रोतःिु श्रमादुपरतेषु च।
इन्वियेषु स्वकमाभ्यो सनद्राSसिशसत देसिनाम् ॥
(अ.ि.िू )
1. Kapha dosa encircle the srotas
2. sense organs are fatigued due to excess work
सनद्रा
9

10. • ह्रुदयं चेतनास्थानमुक्तं िुश्रुता देसिनाम् ।
तमोसििूतॆ तान्वमंस्तु सनद्रा सिशसत देसिनम् ॥
सनद्रा िॆतुः तमः ित्वबोधने िेतुरुच्यते ।
स्विाि एि िा िेतु शारीयान् पररकीर्त्ाते ॥
(िु. शा)
When seat of chetana(hridaya) get subdued by
tamoguna
सनद्रा
10

11. Types of Sleep
कालस्विािाSSमयसचत्तदॆिखेदः कफागन्तुतमोििा च ।
सनद्रा सबिसता प्रथमा शरीरं पाम्पान्वत्मका व्यासधसनसमत्तमन्या ॥
(अ. ि. िू)
तमोििा श्लॆष्मिमुद्भिा च मनःशरीरश्रमिंििा च ।
आगंतुसक व्याध्यनुिसतानी च रासिस्विाि् प्रििा च सनद्रा ॥
(च.िू)
11
7
6

12. Nidra
1. Swabhaviki
i) Tamobhuyista ii) Rajobhuyista iii) Satwabhuyista
2. Tamasi 3. Vaikariki
12
Acc. To Susrutha

13. Vagbhatta (7) Charaka (6) Susrutha (3)
1.Kalaswabhava 1. Tamobhava 1. Tamasi
2. Aamayajanya 2. Sleshmasamudbhava 2. Swabhaviki
3. Chittakhedajanya 3. manasharirasramasambhava 3. Vaikariki
4. Dehakhedajanya 4. Aguntagi
5. Kaphajanya 5. Vyadhyanuvartini
6. Agunthuja 6. Raatriswabhava
7. Tamobhavaja

14. Ratriswabhava Prabhava Nidra (Natural sleep)
Functions:
िय उपस्थंिा इसत आिारः स्वप्नो ब्रह्मचयं इसत ।
एसिः िीसिः युन्वक्त युक्तः उपस्तब्धं उपस्तंिः, शरीरं बल िर्ा उपचय उपसचतं अनुितातॆ
याित् आयुः िंस्कारात् िंस्कारं आसितं
अनुपिॆिमानस्य, य इिि उपदेक्षयतॆ॥ (च. िू)
Provide - i. Bala (strength)
ii. Varna (complexion)
iii. Upchaya (growth) for whole life span
14

15. Importance:
सनद्रायत्तं िुखं दुःखं पुसटः कार्श्यं बलाबलम् ।
िृषता क्लीिता ज्ञानमज्ञानं जीसितं न च ॥
अकालॆ असतप्रिंगश्च न च सनद्रा सनषेसिता ।
िुखायुषी परा क
ु याात् कालरासिः इिापरा ॥
(च. िू)
15
Nidra Anidra
Happiness misery
nourishment emaciation
strength weakness
virility sterility
knowledge ignorance
Life death

16. 16

17. Duration:
ब्राह्मे मुहुता उसत्तष्ठेत स्वस्थॊ रक्षाथामायुषः
(आ.ह्रु.िू)
17
48 minute before sunrise
Season Sunrise Time to get up
1. Summer 5.30 am 4. 45 am
2. Winter 6.30 am 5.45 am

18. Significance of nidra sthana
18
On Cot - Tridoshanasaka
Bed on ground – vata kapha hara
On ground – vatakara & raktapittahara
On plank of wood - Vatakara
On comfortable bed - vatahara

19. Impact of direction of head during sleep
• Yogaratnakar – Left Lateral Position
19
• Long life
• death
• Mental
stress
• Improve
intellect
East West
South
North

20. Nidra & Dosha relationship
20
Nidra
Nasha
Alpa
Nidra
Ati
Nidra

21. Nidra and Vaya relationship
21
vridhhavastha
balyaavastha
Vata
Kapha

22. Influence of Prakriti on nidra
22
Kapha & Tamasika - Sleep
Vata & Rajasika – Sleep

23. Nidra effect at different Dhatu level
23
Majja
Sukra
Rakta
Medas
Mamsa
Asthi
Varnaprasadana, Agni Deepti
Bala
Rasa
I Pushti, Varnaprasadana
Pushti, Bala
Attractiveness
Utsaha
Ojas, ManasaSukha

24. Divaswapnam indications
24
Physiological Pathological

25. Physiological
ििातुाषु सदिास्वापः प्रसतसषद्दोSन्यि ग्रीष्मात् ।
(िु.शा)
Acharaya Charak- Indication for all season sleep-
those who are exhausted by:-
1. Singing
2. Study
3. Alcoholic drinks
4. Sexual act
5. Elimination therapy
6. Walking long distance etc 25

26. Pathological
सदिास्वप्नश्च तृट्शूलसिक्काजीर्ासतिाररर्ाम् ।
(िु.शा)
Conditions like
 Thirst
 Pain
 Hiccups
 Indigestion
 Dysentery
26

27. • Divaswapnam contraindication
मेदन्वस्वनः स्नॆिसनर्त्ाःशलॆष्मलाःश्लॆष्मरोसगर्ः।
दू षीसिषातााश्च सदिा न शयीरन कदाचन॥(च िू)
Individuals like – obese
habitual of daily taking ghee or other fat
Kapha Prakriti
Kapha rogas
Dooshivisha
27

28. Ratrijagarana indication
Those who are suffering with- kapha roga
medo roga
poisonous conditions
28
कफमेदोसिषाताानां रािौ जागरर्ं सितम् ॥(िु .शा)

29. Nidra vega Dharana
जृम्भाSगमदास्तिा च सशरोरोगसक्षगौरिम्
सनद्रासिधारर्ात्ति स्वपनः िंिािनासन च ॥
(च िू)
Symptoms- Yawning, body-ache, drowsiness,
headache and heaviness of eyes
Treatment – sleep and gentle body massage
29

30. 30

31. “Yoganidra or yogic sleep is a meditative state
that promotes deep relaxation and strengthening
of body and mind”
31

32. 32

33. 33

34. Sleep
• Definition: Sleep is the natural periodic state of rest
for mind and body with closed eyes
characterized by partial or complete loss of
consciousness.
• Howell- sleep is due to cerebral ischemia
34

35. Duration- National sleep foundation, US
35
Age Duration (in hrs)
Newborns (0-2 months) 12-18
Infants(3-11 months) 14-15
Toddlers (1-3 years) 12-14
Preschoolers (3-5 years) 11-13
School age (5-10 years) 10-11
Teens (10-17) 8.5 – 9.25
Adults 7-9

36. Types of Sleep
36

37. 37

38. Stages of NREM Sleep
38
Drowsiness Light sleep
Initial deep
sleep
Later deep
sleep

39. EEG pattern in different stages
39

40. Regulation of sleep
40
Neurotransmitter regulation
Hypothalamic regulation
Pharmaceutical regulation
Homeostatic regulation

41. Neurotransmitter Sources Action
1. Serotonin Raphe Nucleus NREM sleep
2. Noradrenaline Locus coeruleus REM sleep
3. GABA Ventrolateral preoptic
nucleus
Inhibit wakefulness
4. Histamine Hypothalamic tubero
mammillary nucleus
REM sleep
41
Neurotransmitter regulation

42. 42
Hypothalamic regulation

43. 43
Pharmaceutical regulation

44. 44
Homeostatic regulation

45. 45

46. Nidranasha
Nidranasha = nidra + nasha
Nidranasha is the difficulty in initiating or maintaining sound
sleep or waking up early without complete sleep and
unable to sleep again, or waking up with a feeling of
tiredness and exhaustion.
46

47. Synonyms of Nidranasha
Synonyms of Nidranasha according to different
Acharyas.
• Anidra
• Alpanidra
• Asvapna
• Jagarana
• Nidranasha
• Nidravighata
• Nidradaurbalya
• Nidrabhramsha
• Nidrakshaya
47

48. Nidranasha nidana
1. Therapeutic causes Vamana (emesis)
Virechana (purgation)
Nasya (nasal medications)
Raktamokshana (bloodletting)
Dhooma (medicated smoke)
Swedana (sudation)
Anjana (colly-rium)
2. Psychological causes-
fear, anxiety, anger, Apart from these excessive joy,
sorrow, greed and agitation
48

49. 3. dietary causes- dry property food like barley
4. Life style- excessive exercise and fasting, and
uncomfortable bed
49

50. • Nidranasha chikitsa
50
Bahya Upachara
Manasika Upachara
Ahara Upachara
Anya Upachara

51. 51
Bahya Upachara
Abhyanga
Utsadana
Snana
Samvahana
Akshi-tarpana
Shiro-Lepa
Karna-Purana
Shiro-Basti
Shiro-Dhara
Moordhni Taila
Manasika Upachara
Manonukula vishaya grahana
 Manonukula Shabda granaha
 Manonukula gandha granaha
Ahara Upachara
Gramya and anupa mamsa rasa
Jaleeya mamsa rasa
Shalyanna
Mahisha ksheera
Snigdha Ahara & Alcohalic drinks
Anya Upachara
Comfortable Bed and proper time of sleep

52. 52

53. Snoring: hoarse or harsh sound from mouth and nose
while sleeping
Narcolepsy: it is a neurological disorder, affects one’s
ability to wake and sleep characterized by
excessive uncontrollable sleep.
Sleep paralysis: it is a feeling being conscious but
unable to move his body and respond.
Sleep talking or Somniloguy: It is condition in which
person speak or produce incoherent language
Restless leg syndrome or Willis-Ekbom disease:
it is unpleasant or uncomfortable sensation in
the legs and irresistible urge to move the legs.
53

54. Insomnia: in this condition person have trouble
falling or staying asleep.
Exploiding Head Syndrome: it is type of sleep
disorder in which one have a loud noise or
explosive crashing sound.
Sleep Apnea: It is potentially serious sleeping disorder
in which breathing repeatedly stops and starts.
54

55. 55

56. Nidra-An important parameter in clinical practice
Trividha Pariksha : 1. Darshan
2. Sparshana
3. Prasana- Nidra pariksha
56

57. Prasana Pariksha
• What time do you usually go to sleep?
• Duration
• What time do you usually get up?
• Do you usually wake up in the morning well rested? - Quality
• Do you take naps during the day?
Day Sleep
• If yes, for how much time?
57

58. 58

59. Sleep Pattern Symbol of Different Ailments
59
Sleep Pattern Diseases
1. Day sleep sleep Sthoulya (obesity), kaphajajwara (type of fever
due to kapha), kaphajaarsha (type of
haemorrhoid due to kapha), visarpa (skin
disease), vatarakta (gout)
2. Sleep in excess Antahvidradhi (internal abscess)
3. Sleeping in daytime and keeping
awake in night
Shirorogas (diseases of head), nijashotha
(oedema)
4. Sleeping with face down Mukharoga (diseases of mouth)
5. Untimely sleep pattern Ajirna (indigestion)
6 Sleeping on uncomfortable bed Vata vyadhi (diseases due to vata dosha)
7. Comfortable sleep for long time Prameha (group of urinary diseorder),
madhumeha (diabetes)

60. Researches on Sleep
1. Research journals on sleep-
a) Sleep oxford academics
b) Journal of Sleep research
c) Journal of clinical sleep medicine
d) Sleep Disorder research news
2. Researches on sleep-
a) The detrimental effect of adequate sleep on health and
public safety drive on explosion of sleep research - Pubmed
b) short and long term health consequences of sleep
disruption - Pubmed
c) Sleep quality, duration and consistency are associated with
better academic performance in college students – science of
learning
60

61. d) Children with insomnia likely to continue to suffer as
adults.
e) Circadian clock gene mutation found to contribute to
development of autism
61

62. Conclusion
 Nidra has given prime importance in all traditional system of medicine,
Ayurveda treatise explained it in more detail with good explanation of
different type of sleep.
 Acharyas given equal importance to sleep disorders with its causes and
treatment.
 Sleep is very significant part of circadian rhythm plays vital role in
brain functions and systemic physiology across many body systems.
 Sufficient quantity and good quality sleep is necessary for healthy and
longevity of life.
 Sleep disorders caused by numerous contributing factors from life style
and environmental factors to psychological issues can leads to
hazardous effect of body and mind as well on social behavior.
 One should preserve the quality of sleep as it is most important repair
mechanism our body has, and getting enough of it will ensure
energized day.
62

63. 63
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