The document discusses population trends over time, including: 1) World population has grown from 200 million in 1 AD to over 7 billion currently, with rapid growth due to improved healthcare, food production, and sanitation. 2) India's population density has increased from 325 to 382 people per square kilometer from 2000-2011. 3) Worldwide population density is currently around 13.7 people per square kilometer.

1. Population

3. Defination:
• The term population refers to a group of
individuals of a species occupying a definite
geographical area at a given time
• Human species:
• Homosapiens

4. World Population

5. 1AD -200m
1200AD -0.6b
1850 – 1b
1930 – 2b
2000 – 6.1b
2011 - 7b
2016 - 7.4b
2050 – 9b

6. Rapid growth
Due to spread of
health care programs
rise in food production after
world war II i.e. green revolution
hygiene and sanitation

9. Human Population Density

10. Indian scenario
As per the provisional population totals of Census 2011, the
population density of India has gone up to 382 persons per
square kilometer from 325 persons per square kilometer in
2000.
On an average, 57 more people inhabit every square
kilometer in the country as compared to a decade ago.

12. The world's population is around
7,000,000,000 and Earth's total area (including
land and water) is 510,000,000 square
kilometers (197,000,000 sq. mi.).
Therefore, the worldwide human population
density is around 7,000,000,000 ÷ 510,000,000
= 13.7 per km2(35 per sq. mi).

13. Population clock
• Every second on an average 4.5 children are
born & 2 people die
• Thus we are growing at a rate of nearly 2,5
persons every second
• Population growing by about 9000 people
per hour and about 214000 people per day

15. Demography
• Study of
population

16. Demography
the study of statistics such as births, deaths,
income, or the incidence of disease, which
illustrate the changing structure of human
populations.
the composition of a particular human
population.

17. World Population Projection
• Estimated to peak at 11 billion in 2200

18. World Population Growth

19. Progressivist View
• Things are good and getting
better:
– Worldwide standard of living
– Education
– Health
– Trade
• People are an asset.
• Population causes shortages
which raise prices,
– stimulating entrepreneurs to
satisfy the shortages.
• We end up better off as a
result.Julian Simon

20. Progressivist View
• Two important
indicators of progress
and improvement in
life are
– Decreased Infant
Mortality
– Increased Life
Expectancy
• Medical ,sanitation &
food.

21. Life Expectancy
http://www.theglobaleducationproject.org/earth/images/final-images/life-expectancy-map.gif

22. Revisionist View
• Adoption and spread of agriculture
have trapped humanity in a spiral of
– Population growth
– Ecological destruction
– Social tyranny.
• The problem stems from the
anti-ecological culture (religion)
of agricultural societies
– humans are above and not part of
nature (global ecosystem)
– and therefore can destroy it at will.
Civilization is based on
Agriculture

23. Social Equity View
• Problems of
– poverty
– overpopulation
– ecological destruction
• Are due to
– inequity of wealth
– unfairness of economic
and social systems
http://www.mediathatmattersfest.org/mtm05/img/frances_moore_lappe.jpg

24. If the world were 100 people
(2005)
(Source: Family Care Foundation)
• 7 have access to the internet
• 1 has a college education
• 1 has HIV
• 2 near birth
– 1 near death
• 5 control 32% of the entire
world’s wealth
– All 5 U.S. citizens
• 33 attempt to live on 3% of
global income

28. Population pyramids

29. • Graphical illustration that shows the
distribution of various age groups in a
population which forms the shape of a
pyramid.
Expanding – pyramid shape ie triangle
Stationary – Urn shaped
Contracting – bell shaped

30. urbanization
• While urbanization has been a mechanism of
economic, social and political progress, it can
pose serious socio-economic problems. The
absolute magnitude of the urban population,
random and unplanned growth of urban areas,
and lack of infrastructure are major issues in
India due to urbanization.

32. • Urbanization refers to the increasing number of people that
live in urban areas.
• It predominantly results in the physical growth of urban
areas, be it horizontal or vertical.
• The United Nations projected that half of the world's
population would live in urban areas at the end of 2008.
• By 2050 it is predicted that 64.1% and 85.9% of the
developing and developed world respectively will be
urbanized.
• Urbanization is closely linked to modernization,
industrialization, and the sociological process of
rationalization.
• Urbanization can describe a specific condition at a set time,
i.e. the proportion of total population or area in cities or
towns, or the term can describe the increase of this
proportion over time.

33. • As more and more people leave villages &
farms to live in cities urban growth results
& cities develop
• Chicago 19th
century
• Tokyo – 20th
• Mumbai – 21th

34. WHY?
• Improved job opportunities
• Education, housing, business, transportation
• Effects
• Urban heat islands
• Suns energy absorbed buy urban structures
absence of soil & vegetation for
evaporation.
• Less infiltration

35. Land management
• Land management is the process
of managing the use and development (in
both urban and rural settings) of land resources.
Land resources are used for a variety of purposes
which may include organic
agriculture, reforestation, water resource
management and eco-tourism projects