Students will able to identify different components of IC engines and able to explain functions of specific components.

1. Aldel Education Trust’s
ST. JOHN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT, PALGHAR
(ST. JOHN POLYTECHNIC)
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
SUB: POWER ENGINEERING AND REFRIGERATION
(PER - 22562)
TOPIC: IC ENGINE COMPONENTS AND
FUCTIONS
PREPARED BY:-
Prof. Pranit Mehata
Lecturer, SJCEM
7972064172

2. HEAT ENGINE
The engine in which heat is created by combustion of fuel and
converts some amount of heat into mechanical work.
Heat engine classified into two main classes
A. Internal Combustion Engine (IC Engine)
B. External Combustion Engine (EC Engine)

3. CLASSIFICATION OF IC ENGINES
 The internal combustion engines may be classified in the following ways:
1. According to the type of fuel used:
a) Petrol engine b)Diesel engine c) Gas engine
2. According to the method of ignition of fuel:
a)Spark ignition engines b) Compression ignition engines
3. According to the number of strokes per cycle:
a) Two stroke cycle engine, b) Four stroke cycle engine

4. CLASSIFICATION OF IC ENGINES
4. According to cycle of combustion/ thermodynamic cycle:
a) Otto cycle engine b) Diesel cycle engine c) Dual cycle engine
5.According to the method of cooling of fuel:
a) Water cooled engines, b) Air cooled engines
6. According to the speed of engine per cycle:
a) Low speed engines, b) Medium speed engines, c) High speed engines

5. CLASSIFICATION OF IC ENGINES
7. According to number of cylinders:
a) Single cylinder engines, b) Multicylinder engines
8. According to arrangement of cylinder:
a) Vertical engine, b) Horizontal engine, c) In-line engine, d) V-type engine

6. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
Engine in which combustion takes
place inside the engine cylinder and
heat is generated within the cylinder.
For example: Air craft Engine,
Automobile engine

7. COMPONETNS OF IC ENGINE
 The main components of IC engine are as follows:
1. Cylinder
2. Cylinder head
3. Piston
4. Connecting rod
5. Crank shaft
6. Cam shaft
7. Spark plug
8. Injector

8. CYLINDER
 It is the important part of the engine in which the piston
moves up and down in order to develop the power.
 Materials:
1. Grey cast iron : wear and corrosion
2. Aluminum alloy- Aluminum-silicon: better casting
properties.
 Cast iron is mainly used.
 Withstand high pressure (70 bar ) and temperature (2000
C)

9. CYLINDER HEAD
 It is fitted one end of the cylinder and act as a cover to close
the cylinder.
 Not permit the entry and exit of gases on cover head valve
engine.
 It contains: inlet and outlet valves , spark plugs or nozzle
 Types:
1. Loop flow type
2. Offset-cross flow type
3. In-line flow type

10. PISTON
 It is considered as heart of I. C. engine.
 Its main function is to transmit the force
exerted by the burning of charge to the
connecting rod.
 Materials:
1. Cast iron
2. Aluminium alloy (Al-Si)

11. CONNECTING ROD
 It is the link between the piston and
crankshaft.
 To convert reciprocating movement of
piston in to the rotary motion of the
crankshaft.
 Materials:
1. Drop forging of steel or duralumin
2. Malleable or spheroidal graphite cast iron.

12. CRANK SHAFT
 It is considered as the back bone of an
IC engine.
 Its function is to convert reciprocating
motion of piston in to the rotary
motion with the help of connecting
rod.
 Materials:
1. Forging steel
2. Spheroidal graphite
3. Nickel alloy castings.

13. CAM SHAFT
 The shaft which has cams for
opening and closing of inlet and
outlet valves.
 It is placed at the top or bottom of
the cylinder.
 They are usually made by cast
iron with an addition of 1%
chrome.

14. SPARK PLUG
 It is used in spark ignition engine.
 The main function is to initiate the
burning of the mixture after the
completion of compression stroke
in the petrol engine.
 It is mounted in the cylinder head in
petrol engine..

15. INJECTOR
 Injector is usually used in
compression ignition engine.
 It sprays the fuel at high
pressure into the combustion
chamber at the end of
compression stroke.
 It is fitted on cylinder head.

16.  Inlet port: Through this the charge (air-fuel mixture in case of SI engine or air in case of
CI engine) is sucked into the cylinder.
 Exhaust port: Through this the exhaust gases from the cylinder are expelled out to the
atmosphere.
 Intake manifold: The purpose is to provide passage which carries the charge from
carburettor to the cylinder through inlet valve.
 Exhaust manifold: The purpose is to provide passage which carries the exhaust gases
from the exhaust valve to atmosphere.

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