Food insecurity and a way forward

1. INSECURITYFOOD AND WAY FORWARD
Mr. Pankajkumar H. Mugaonkar
Ph. D. 417
Fish Business Management
Fisheries Economics, Extension and Statistics Division
Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai

2. OUTLINE
• Food security concepts
• Status of food insecurity
• Energy supplies, Nutrition transition
• Global Hunger Index
• India Food Insecurity
• Measures to improve food security

3. Food security : History and Definition

4. 1974
1983
1986
1996
1990
• Adequate Basic
foodstuff
• Offset fluctuations in
production and prices
• Balance between
demand and supply
side of the equation
• Enough food for
active and
healthy life
• Food safety
and Nutrition
• World Food
Summit
Most careful
definition
2001
• Physical,
Social and
Economic
1996
Food Security exists when all people at all
times, have physical and economic access to
sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets
their dietary needs and food preferences
for an active and healthy life.
- World Food Summit
Source:www.fao.org/docrep/005/y4671e06.htm

5. Food Security exists
when all people at all
times, have physical
and economic access
to sufficient, safe and
nutritious food that
meets their dietary
needs and food
preferences for an
active and healthy
life.
Stability of the other three
dimensions
Food Security
Physical availability
Economic and Physical access to food
Food Utilization
(Source:FAO,Practical Guides)

6. “A situation that
exists when people
lack secure access to
sufficient amounts of
safe and nutritious
food for normal
growth and
development and an
active and healthy
life.”
Food insecurity
Chronic food insecurity
Transitory food insecurity
Seasonal food insecurity
(Source:FAO,Practical Guides)

7. Malnutrition
A broad term for a range of conditions that hinder good health, caused by
inadequate or unbalanced food intake or from poor absorption of food
consumed. It refers to both undernutrition (food deprivation) and
overnutrition (excessive food intake in relation to energy requirements).
Undernutrition
The result of prolonged low levels of food intake and/or low absorption of
food consumed. Generally applied to energy (or protein and energy)
deficiency, but it may also relate to vitamin and mineral deficiencies.
Undernourishment or Chronic Hunger
The status of persons, whose food intake regularly provides less than their
minimum energy requirements.
The average minimum energy requirement per person is about 1800 kcal per
day. The exact requirement is determined by a person’s age, body size,
activity level and physiological conditions such as illness, infection, pregnancy
and lactation.

8. • When did FAO start counting the hungry?
• What are the hunger targets?
The 1996 World Food Summit target
The Millennium Development Goals
(Source: FAO, Hunger Portal)

9. FOOD INSECURITY IN THE WORLD
• Undernourishment around the world
• Hunger Trends

10. Sub-Saharan Africa
Southern Asia
Eastern Asia
Western Asia
Caucasus and Central Asia
Caribbean
Oceania
South-Eastern Asia
Latin America
Northern Africa
World Regions

11. About 870 million people
(12.5 % of the global population)
2010-2012
852 million in developing countries

12. (Source: State of Food Insecurity in The World, 2012)

13. (Source: State of Food Insecurity in The World, 2012)

14. (Source: State of Food Insecurity in The World, 2012)

15. (Source: State of Food Insecurity in The World, 2012)

16. (Source: State of Food Insecurity in The World, 2012)

17. Energy Supply……

19. Nutrition Transition and the Double Burden

21. IFPRI
Global Hunger Index

22. The Global Hunger Index (GHI) is designed to comprehensively
measure and track hunger globally and by country and region.
Calculated each year by the International Food Policy Research
Institute (IFPRI), the GHI highlights successes and failures in hunger
reduction and provides insights into the drivers of hunger.
The 2012 Global Hunger Index (GHI) is calculated for 120 developing
countries and countries in transition for which data on the three
indicators of hunger are available.
GHI measures three dimensions of hunger
Undernourishment
Child underweight
Child mortality
An increase in a country’s GHI score indicates that the hunger
situation is worsening, while a decrease in the score indicates
improvement in the country’s hunger situation

23. Causes for food insecurity
Price Spikes, High prices for oil and other agricultural inputs are
making production more expensive. Extreme weather increasingly
threatens harvests, and agricultural productivity gains are waning as
investment falters.

24. According to the GHI,
Hunger on a global scale remains “serious.”
Twenty countries have levels of hunger that are
“alarming” or “extremely alarming.”
The 2012 world GHI fell by 26 per cent from the 1990
world GHI, from a score of 19.8 to 14.7.
South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa have the highest
levels of hunger with regional scores of 22.5 and 20.7,
respectively.
From the 1990 GHI to the 2012 GHI, 15 countries
reduced their scores by 50 per cent or more.
(Source: Global Food Security Index Report 2012)

25. Brief about India’s Food insecurity

26. India and Food insecurity
• According to the United Nations, malnutrition is more common in India
than in sub-Saharan Africa.
• India alone accounts for 54% of all malnutrition-related child deaths.
• UNICEF estimates that in India, one in every three children is
malnourished, and nearly half of all childhood deaths are attributed to
malnutrition.
• UNICEF studies reveal maximum under-nutrition in the five Indian states:
Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Rajasthan, and Orissa.
• India has been ranked 66 in the list of 105 countries – much lower than
neighboring China (ranked 39) and somewhat lower than Sri Lanka (62) –
in the 2012 Global Food Security Index released by DuPont.
• The problem centres not necessarily on how much people eat, but on
what they eat

27. India
Total Population 1241.5 million
Number of undernourished persons 217.0 million
Prevalence of Undernourishment 18%

28. http://cdn.wfp.org/hungermap/#IN
WFP - India

29. India expected to become the most populous country in the world by 2025, feeding
the population is likely to be one of the serious challenges that the country will face
in the coming decades.
• High level of poverty,
• lower income,
• less public spending on farm research,
• poor infrastructure,
• sluggish supply of quality protein are some of the key challenges that India needs
to address..
On the positive side, however, the presence of food safety net programs and access
to farm credit has helped the country achieve some level of food security.
Also, India grows enough food to meet the needs of its 1.2 billion people. It is
estimated that about seven per cent of food grains are wasted due to lack of
storage space and inefficient transportation.
http://www.voanews.com/content/article--in-india-indadequate-storage-could-mean-
wasted-food-148848425/370292.html

31. Measures to overcome food insecurity?
 Political commitment and good governance at all levels
 Importance of nutrition
 Sustainable food production
 Investing to protect the most vulnerable
 Emphasis on right based approaches
 Strenghtening gender equality

32. Thank you !!