1. Analysis of “By Air” Short Story
In Partial to fulfillment Systemic Functional Grammar Assignmment
Name : Priyanka Eka Widyasari
Class : 5 F
NPM : 10420045
English Education Department
Faculty of Language and Arts Education
IKIP PGRI SEMARANG
2012

2. A.
1. By Air
Circumtance
Adv of Manner
Adjunct
Residue
Rheme
2. I used to travel by air a great deal
Participant Process Circumtance Goal
Actor Material Adverb of manner
Subject Finite Predicator Adjunct Complement
Mood: Declarative Residue
Unmarked Topical
Theme Rheme
3. When I was a boy.
Identified Process Identifier
Value Relational Token
Subject Finite Complement
Mood: Declarative Residue
Structural Topical
Theme Rheme
4. My parents used to live in South America
Participants Process Location
Actor Material Spartial
Subject Finite Predicator Adjunct
Mood: Declarative Residue
Umarked Topical
Theme Rheme

3. 5.
and I used to fly there from Europe in the holidays.
Participant Process Circumtance
Actor Material Location Temporal
Subject Finite Predicator Adjunct
Mood: Declarative Residue
Structural Topical
Theme Rheme
6. An air-hostess Would take charge of me
Attributor Process Beneficiary
Circumtancial Recipient
Subject Finite Predicator Complement
Mood: Declarative Residue
Unmarked Topical
Theme Rheme
8. I am used to travelling by air
Participant Process Circumtance
Actor Material Adverb of Manner
Subject Finite : Present Finite: Past Predicator Adjunct
Mood: Declarative Residue
Unmarked Topical
Theme Rheme
9. And only on one occasion I have ever felt frightened.
Circumtance Senser Process Attribute
Adverb of time Mental: Affect
Subject Finite Adjunct Predicator Complement
Mood: Declarative Residue
Marked Topical
Theme Rheme
7. And I never had an unpleasant experience.
Carrier Process Attribute
Possessor Relational Possessed
Subject Adjunct Finite Complement
Mood: Declarative Residue
Structural Topical
Theme Rheme

4. 10. Ater taking off
Process
Material
Predicator
Residue
Structural
Theme Rheme
11. We were flying low over the city
Participant Process Goal
Actor Material Medium
Subject Finite Predicator Complement
Mood: Declarative Residue
Unmarked Topical
Theme Rheme
12. And slowly Gaining height,
Circumtance Process Goal
Adverb of Manner Material
Predicator Complement
Residue
Structural Topical
Theme Rheme
13. When the plane suddenly turned round
Participant Circumtance Process
Actor Adverb of Manner Material
Subject Adjunct Predicator
Mood: Declarative Residue
Structural Topical
Theme Rheme
14. And flew back to the airport.
Process Circumtance
Material
Predicator Complement
Residue
Structural
Theme Rheme

5. 15. While we were waiting to land
Participant Process Circumtance
Actor Material Place
Subject Finite Predicator Adjunct: Circumtancial
Mood: Declarative Residue
Structural Topical
Theme Rheme
16. An air-hostess told us to keep calm
Sayer Process Receiver Projected Clause
Verbal
Subject Predicator Complement Predicator
Mood: Imperative Residue
Marked Topical
Theme Rheme
17. And get off the plane quitely
Process Agent Circumstance
Material
Predicator Complement Adjunct
Residue
Structural
Theme Rheme
18. As soon as it had touched down.
Circumtace Participant Process
Material
Adjunct Subject Finite Predicator
Mood: Declarative Residue
Conjunctive Topical
Theme Rheme

6. 19. Everybody on board was worried
Senser Process
Affect
Subject Finite Predicator
Mood: Declarative Residue
Marked Topical
Theme Rheme
20. And we were find out
Participant Process
Actor Material
Subject Finite Predicator
Mood: Declarative Residue
Structural Topical
Theme Rheme
B.
By Air
I used to travel by air a great deal when I was a boy. My parents used to live in South
America and I used to fly there from Europe in the holidays. An air-hostess would take
charge of me and I never had an unpleasant experience. I am used to travelling by air and
only on one occasion I have ever felt frightened. After taking off, we were flying low
over the city and slowly gaining height, when the plane suddenly turned round and flew
back to the airport. While we were waiting to land, an air-hostess told us to keep calm and
to get off the plane quitely as soon as it had touched down. Everybody on board was
worried and we find out what had happened.
Source story: Practice and Progress by L.G.Alexander

7. Interpretational meaning:
The most dominant process is material process. The material process on this short
story anlysis is stated on number 2, 4, 5, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 20. In other
hand, the relational process is stated on number 3, and 7. Mental process is stated on
number 9 and 19. While verbal process is stated in number 16 and circumtancial process
is stated in number 6. Based on the analysis, the most dominant process found in “By
Air” short story is Material Process with = 65% and the less dominant process is
Verbal Process with = 5% and Circumtancial = 5%.
The most dominant Mood that found in “By Air” short story is Declarative. Mood
Declarative is stated in number 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 13, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20. Mood
Imperative in this short story stated in number 16. And there is no Mood Interrogative in
this short story. The percentage of Mood Declarative found in “By Air” short story is
= 75% and Mood Imperative is = 5% and the less dominant mood in this short story is
Mood Interogative with 0%.
The most Theme that found in “By Air” short story is Marked Theme. Marked
Theme is stated in number 3, 5, 7, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20. On the other
side, Unmarked Theme is stated in number 2, 4, 6, 8, 11. Based on the analysis, the
percentage of most dominant Theme that found in “By Air” short story is = 70% while
the less dominant theme is Unmarked Theme with = 20%.