Respiratory System Case Study
Trudy, a home health respiratory therapist, especially enjoys her older patients, and her Tuesday morning patient is one of her favorites. Jonas Hershel, a 79-year-old former respiratory therapist himself, has been hospitalized over the weekend for extreme difficulty with breathing from emphysema. Jonas' physical examination has noted crackles, clubbing, and DOE. Blood gases reveal hypoxemia and hypercapnia. Jonas' emphysema has now progressed to COPD.
After being stabilized, Jonas has been released to his home with home health care visits. Trudy has treated Jonas in the hospital and is now his home health care professional. Tracking Jonas' breathing capacity using spirometry is part of her duties. However, today Jonas is too tired to sit up; therefore Trudy performs the spirometry while Jonas is reclining.
1. Give another name for crackles and define it.
2. What does spirometry measure?
3. Define emphysema. What is destroyed in emphysema?
4. What do the terms hypoxemia and hypercapnia stand for?
5. What do the abbreviations DOE and COPD stand for? Define and explain.
Beacon Roofing Supply Inc.'s Proposed $300 Million
Senior Secured Notes Rated 'BB', Unsecured Notes
Lowered to 'B-'
September 25, 2019
FARMERS BRANCH (S&P Global Ratings) Sept. 25, 2019--S&P Global Ratings assigned its 'BB'
issue-level rating and '1' recovery rating to Beacon Roofing Supply Inc.'s proposed $300 million
senior secured notes issuance. The proposed senior secured notes will rank equally with the
company's $970 million term loan, which is unchanged and carries a 'BB' issue-level rating, with a
'1' recovery rating. Beacon plans to use the proceeds from the notes offering to pre-fund the
company's redemption of its $300 million senior unsecured notes due 2023 on Oct. 1, 2019.
However, the increased amount of senior secured debt will result in diminished recovery available
to unsecured lenders. As a result, we have lowered the issue-level rating on Beacon's $1.3 billion
senior unsecured notes due 2025 to 'B-' from 'B' and revised the recovery rating to '6' from '5'.
The '1' recovery rating on the Beacon's secured debt indicates our expectation for very high
(90%-100%; rounded estimate: 90%) recovery in a default scenario. Our '6' recovery rating on the
unsecured notes reflects our expectation of negligible recovery (0%-10%; rounded estimate: 0%)
in the event of a default.
For more information on Beacon Roofing Supply Inc., see our research update published on Aug.
30, 2019.
Key analytical factors
- Our assessment of recovery prospects contemplates a reorganization value for the company of
about $2.07 billion, reflecting emergence EBITDA of about $345 million and a 6x multiple. Our
emergence EBITDA assumption contemplates a rebound in profitability following the sharp
cyclical downturn that we believe is required for the company to default with the present
capital structure. As a result, our EBITDA assumption does not purport t.
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Beacon Roofing Supply Notes Rating Impact
1. Respiratory System Case Study
Trudy, a home health respiratory therapist, especially enjoys her
older patients, and her Tuesday morning patient is one of her
favorites. Jonas Hershel, a 79-year-old former respiratory
therapist himself, has been hospitalized over the weekend for
extreme difficulty with breathing from emphysema. Jonas'
physical examination has noted crackles, clubbing, and DOE.
Blood gases reveal hypoxemia and hypercapnia. Jonas'
emphysema has now progressed to COPD.
After being stabilized, Jonas has been released to his home with
home health care visits. Trudy has treated Jonas in the hospital
and is now his home health care professional. Tracking Jonas'
breathing capacity using spirometry is part of her duties.
However, today Jonas is too tired to sit up; therefore Trudy
performs the spirometry while Jonas is reclining.
1. Give another name for crackles and define it.
2. What does spirometry measure?
3. Define emphysema. What is destroyed in emphysema?
4. What do the terms hypoxemia and hypercapnia stand for?
5. What do the abbreviations DOE and COPD stand for? Define
and explain.
Beacon Roofing Supply Inc.'s Proposed $300 Million
Senior Secured Notes Rated 'BB', Unsecured Notes
Lowered to 'B-'
September 25, 2019
2. FARMERS BRANCH (S&P Global Ratings) Sept. 25, 2019--
S&P Global Ratings assigned its 'BB'
issue-level rating and '1' recovery rating to Beacon Roofing
Supply Inc.'s proposed $300 million
senior secured notes issuance. The proposed senior secured
notes will rank equally with the
company's $970 million term loan, which is unchanged and
carries a 'BB' issue-level rating, with a
'1' recovery rating. Beacon plans to use the proceeds from the
notes offering to pre-fund the
company's redemption of its $300 million senior unsecured
notes due 2023 on Oct. 1, 2019.
However, the increased amount of senior secured debt will
result in diminished recovery available
to unsecured lenders. As a result, we have lowered the issue-
level rating on Beacon's $1.3 billion
senior unsecured notes due 2025 to 'B-' from 'B' and revised the
recovery rating to '6' from '5'.
The '1' recovery rating on the Beacon's secured debt indicates
our expectation for very high
(90%-100%; rounded estimate: 90%) recovery in a default
scenario. Our '6' recovery rating on the
unsecured notes reflects our expectation of negligible recovery
(0%-10%; rounded estimate: 0%)
in the event of a default.
For more information on Beacon Roofing Supply Inc., see our
research update published on Aug.
30, 2019.
Key analytical factors
- Our assessment of recovery prospects contemplates a
reorganization value for the company of
3. about $2.07 billion, reflecting emergence EBITDA of about
$345 million and a 6x multiple. Our
emergence EBITDA assumption contemplates a rebound in
profitability following the sharp
cyclical downturn that we believe is required for the company
to default with the present
capital structure. As a result, our EBITDA assumption does not
purport to represent a
default-level EBITDA, which we think could be substantially
lower. The 6x multiple is within the
5x-6x range that we generally use for building products
companies.
- Our simulated default scenario contemplates a default in 2023,
stemming from a downturn in
the company's end markets (U.S. residential and nonresidential
roofing and reroofing),
heightened competition, and significant price increases imposed
by suppliers that cannot be
passed on to customers. These adverse developments hamper
margins and cash flow,
pressuring Beacon's ability to meet its financial obligations and
prompting the need for a
bankruptcy filing or restructuring.
Beacon Roofing Supply Inc.'s Proposed $300 Million
Senior Secured Notes Rated 'BB', Unsecured Notes
Lowered to 'B-'
September 25, 2019
PRIMARY CREDIT ANALYST
Pablo A Garces
Farmers Branch
4. + 1 (214) 765 5884
pablo.garces
@spglobal.com
SECONDARY CONTACT
Thomas J Nadramia
New York
+ 1 (212) 438 3944
thomas.nadramia
@spglobal.com
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- For purposes of our default scenario, we assumed aggregate
borrowings of about $725 million
under the asset-based loan (ABL) facility, representing usage of
about 60% of the $1.2 billion
U.S. commitment amount.
- We assume the collateral package for Beacon's secured debt
will encompass all of the
5. available reorganization value. Only a small portion of the
reorganization value is
unencumbered under our analysis, representing the equity value
of foreign subsidiaries not
pledged to secure the term loan.
Simulated default assumptions
- Year of default: 2023
- EBITDA at emergence: $345 million
- Implied enterprise value (EV) multiple: 6x
- Gross EV: $2.07 billion
Simplified waterfall
- Obligor (U.S. operations)/nonobligor (Canadian operations)
valuation split: roughly 95%/5%
($1.97 billion/$105 million)
- Valuation split (net 5% administrative costs): $1.87
billion/$100 million
- Priority claims and adjustments (60% usage of the $1.2 billion
U.S. ABL facility): $725 million
- Priority nonobligors claims: $60 million
- Collateral from nonobligor (65% stock pledge of remaining
$35 million net EV at nonobligors
after subtracting secured nonobligors claims): $25 million
- Total collateral value for secured claims ($1.14 billion U.S.
value remaining after coverage of
6. ABL facility plus $25 million remaining collateral from
nonobligor): $1.17 billion
- Secured claims (Total term loan claim*: $950 million,
proposed senior secured notes: $305
million): $1.25 billion
- --Recovery expectation for term loan: 90%-100% (rounded
estimate: 90%)
- Unpledged value available to unsecured claims: $15 million
- Estimated unsecured claims: $1.31 billion
- --Recovery expectation for senior notes: 0%-10% (rounded
estimate: 0%)
*Senior secured claim amount reflects $925 million of term loan
principal, less payment of
scheduled amortization of 1% per year through 2022, plus an
assumption for accrued but unpaid
interest outstanding at default.
Related Criteria
- General Criteria: Group Rating Methodology, July 1, 2019
- Criteria | Corporates | General: Corporate Methodology:
Ratios And Adjustments, April 1, 2019
- Criteria | Corporates | General: Recovery Rating Criteria For
Speculative-Grade Corporate
Issuers, Dec. 7, 2016
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7. SALINAS.
NOT FOR REDISTRIBUTION UNLESS OTHERWISE
PERMITTED.
Beacon Roofing Supply Inc.'s Proposed $300 Million Senior
Secured Notes Rated 'BB', Unsecured Notes Lowered to 'B-'
- Criteria | Corporates | General: Methodology And
Assumptions: Liquidity Descriptors For Global
Corporate Issuers, Dec. 16, 2014
- Criteria | Corporates | Industrials: Key Credit Factors For The
Building Materials Industry, Dec.
19, 2013
- General Criteria: Country Risk Assessment Methodology And
Assumptions, Nov. 19, 2013
- Criteria | Corporates | General: Corporate Methodology, Nov.
19, 2013
- General Criteria: Methodology: Industry Risk, Nov. 19, 2013
- General Criteria: Methodology: Management And Governance
Credit Factors For Corporate
Entities, Nov. 13, 2012
- General Criteria: Use Of CreditWatch And Outlooks, Sept. 14,
2009
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THIS WAS PREPARED EXCLUSIVELY FOR USER RONALD
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Beacon Roofing Supply Inc.'s Proposed $300 Million Senior
Secured Notes Rated 'BB', Unsecured Notes Lowered to 'B-'
www.spglobal.com/ratingsdirect September 25, 2019 4
THIS WAS PREPARED EXCLUSIVELY FOR USER RONALD
SALINAS.
NOT FOR REDISTRIBUTION UNLESS OTHERWISE
PERMITTED.
Beacon Roofing Supply Inc.'s Proposed $300 Million Senior
Secured Notes Rated 'BB', Unsecured Notes Lowered to 'B-'
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