pathophysilogy II PHARM-D

1. ALLERGY DUE TO
CHEMICALS

2. WHAT IS ALLERGY
A damaging immune response by the body to a
substance, especially a particular food, pollen, fur, or
dust, to which it has become hypersensitive.
Chemical Allergy
Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) or
idiopathic environmental intolerances (IEI) is a
chronic medical condition and syndrome
characterized by symptoms that the affected
person attributes to low-levelchemical exposures
to commonly used chemicals.

3. Causes of Chemical Allergy
• Your immune system overreacts to chemicals
that are normally harmless.
•These chemicals can be in products that you are
exposed to over and over, like cleaners,
colognes, hair dyes, and personal care items.
•Even if you've used these products before, you
can still have a reaction.

4. Symptoms
 Red skin
 Scaly patches
 Blisters that ooze
 Burning or itching, which may be intense
 Swelling of the eyes, face, and genital area
 Hives
 Sun sensitivity
 Darkened, "leathery," and cracked skin

5. Chemical Allergies
For some people, the chemicals
in
shampoos,
 cosmetics,
detergents can trigger
allergic reactions.

6. 5 Toxic Chemicals Probably
Found In Your Shampoo
1. Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS)
 SLS is an inexpensive detergent and surfactant that is
widely used in shampoo, body wash, shaving cream,
toothpaste, and other products.
 The American College of Toxicology found that SLS easily
penetrates the skin and can circulate in the body for up to
five days, leaving residues in the heart, liver, lungs, and
brain.
 SLS can strip moisture and oils from the hair and skin,
causing rashes, hair loss, and a condition similar to
dandruff.

7. 2. Sodium Laureth Sulfate
(SLES)
 It is frequently contaminated by 1,4 dioxane, a
byproduct of the ethylation oxide used to make
harsh petrolum-based ingredients more gentle.
 It is a known carcinogen and suspected of
causing kidney damage.
1,4 Dioxane will not be found in the list of
ingredients on your shampoo bottle because it is
a byproduct and not part of the formulation.
Dioxane has a long life in the body, primarily
because the liver cannot metabolize it effectively.

8. 3. Parabens
These are a group of
chemical preservatives used
in shampoo and other
personal care products.
Even at very low doses,
parabens have been linked
to reproductive damage and
organ toxicity.

9. 4. Fragrance
•These are highly toxic and can result in liver
toxicity, damage to the central nervous system,
allergies, brain fog, obesity, asthma, headache,
contact dermatitis, organ toxicity, and cancer.
•They are made from petrochemicals and
phthalates, and have been linked to learning
disabilities and other developmental
abnormalities in children whose mothers had
high levels in their bodies during gestation.
• Byproducts from the production of fragrances
include dioxin and formaldehyde.

10. 5. Polyethylene Glycol
•This is also known and listed as PEG.
• It is petroleum-based and widely
used to create cre5.
•PEG may be contaminated with 1,4-
dioxane and ethylene oxide, another
known carcinogen.
•This group is most at risk from
chemicals in personal care products
because of its under-developed
detoxification capabilities and the highly
porous nature of the skin.

11. What is cosmetic allergy???
 The chemicals present in cosmetics causes
allergy in some peoples.
 The groups of allergens that appear to most
frequently cause cosmetic allergy are;-
 fragrances,
 preservatives, and
 paraphenylenediamine (PPD) found in hair
dyes.

12. Fragrances
•More than 5000 different fragrances used
in cosmetics and skin care products
•Present in most types of cosmetics
including perfumes, shampoos,
conditioners, moisturisers, facial
cosmetics, and deodorants
•Cosmetic labeled “unscented” does not
mean “fragrance-free” as some unscented
products may contain a fragrance to mask
another chemical odour.

13. Preservatives
•The second most common cause of contact dermatitis
Cosmetics that contain water have a preservative in them to prevent bacterial
or fungal growth
•Some of the preservatives most commonly found in cosmetics include:
Parabens – used in many facial cosmetics and skin care products
Formaldehyde – mainly found in shampoos
Imidazolidinyl urea – said to be less allergenic than other preservatives
PPD hair dye
•The third most common ingredient after fragrances and
preservatives to cause contact dermatitis
•Used widely in permanent hair dyes because it gives a natural
look
•Reactions may be mild and involve dermatitis to the
upper eyelids or rims of the ears, or may be more severe with
swelling of the scalp and face

14. Other allergens used in cosmetics
that can cause cosmetics allergy
include:
Lanolin (wool alcohol)
Coconut diethanolamide
Glyceryl monothioglycolate
Methyldibromo glutaronitrile
Rosin (colophony)
Propolis
Thiomersal
Sunscreen allergens
Nail cosmetic allergens

15. What is the treatment for
cosmetics allergy?
Contact dermatitis should clear rapidly once the
cosmetic allergen is removed. Over-the-counter creams
and ointments containing mild topical steroids, such as
hydrocortisone 0.5-2.5%, may be used to help control
itching, swelling, and redness. In more severe cases, a
prescription steroid cream may be required, as well
as antibiotic medication if the skin becomes blistered
and infected. Bland emollients such as cetomacrogol
cream can be used to soothe and relieve dryness.

16. Top 3 Allergens in Detergents
1.Sodium Lauryl Sulfate
This chemical breaks up the layer of oil on your skin
that keeps it from drying out.
2.Fragrance
It is still one of the most common contact allergens in
soap even though it doesn’t directly contribute to
cleansing.
3.Coconut Diethanolamide
It is actually more common for people to be allergic to
coconut through touch than it is through ingestion. In
detergents it is similar to sodium lauryl sulfate and
breaks down the oil on your skin.

17. Treatments for Chemical allergy
•Avoid exposure to allergen. Medications may
be used to alleviate some symptoms e.g.
antihistamines and topical steroids.
• Oral steroids may be needed in severe cases
but this is rare.
• Moisturizers can alleviate skin symptoms
and antibiotics may be needed if secondary
skin infections develop from initial skin
symptoms such as rashes.

18. REFERENCE
 TEXT BOOK OF PATHOPHYSIOLOGY ON
COMMON DISEASES BY RAJPAL
 WWW.WEBMD.COM
 WWW.WIKIPEDIA.COM

19. THANK YOU