Sustainable tourism wellbeing of host communities

1. SUSTAINABLE
TOURISM
Wellbeing of Host Communities

2. Local Satisfaction With Tourism
Components of the Issue Indicators
Level of community
satisfaction
 Local satisfaction level with tourism
(and with specific components of tourism)
based on questionnaire
(see Annex C 6 Local questionnaire)
 Baseline Indicator
Problems or dissatisfaction  Number of complaints by local residents

3. Local Satisfaction
With Tourism
 Attitudes
 Dissatisfaction
 Community Reaction

4. Question 1 2 3 4 5
Community _________________________
Strongly
Disagree
Disagree Neutral Agree
Strongly
Agree
A) Tourism is good for my community
B) I personally benefit from the tourism industry
C) Tourism in my community/region has the following effects: (bulleted below):
 Creates jobs for local residents
 Employs local youth
 Raises prices for goods
 Helps the community obtain services
 Causes rise in crime rates
 Harms moral standards
 Disrupts local activities
 Harms the environment
 Stops locals from beach (or park, trail or similar) access
 Helps stimulate local culture and crafts
 Uses natural resources needed by local residents (e,g., fish, game, water etc)
 The community has control over tourism
 The money spent by tourists remains in my community
 Local residents have easy access to the areas which tourists use, etc.

5. EFFECTSOFTOURISM
ONCOMMUNITIES
Components of the issue Indicators
Community attitudes to
tourism (including
community agreement and
coherence on tourism,
perceptions and acceptance
of tourism)
 See  Local satisfaction with tourism p. 56;
 Existence of a community tourism plan;
 Frequency of community meetings and attendance rates (% of eligible who
participate);
 Frequency of tourism plan updates (see section on planning and management
issues);
 Level of awareness of local values (% aware, %supporting);
 % who are proud of their community and culture.
Social benefits
associated with
tourism
 Number of social services available to the community
(% which are attributable to tourism)  Baseline Indicator;
 % who believes that tourism has helped bring new services or infrastructure. 
Baseline Indicator;
 Number (%) participating in community traditional crafts, skills, customs;
 % of vernacular architecture preserved.
General impacts on
community life
 Number of tourists per day, per week etc; number per sq km (see  Controlling Use
Intensity) See also the specific issue of Access p. 65);
 Ratio of tourists to locals (average and peak day)  Baseline Indicator.
 % locals participating in community events;
 Ratio of tourists to locals at events or ceremonies;
 Perception of impact on the community using the resident questionnaire – with
reference to specific events or ceremonies (see Questionnaire, Annex C 6);
 % of local community who agree that their local culture, its integrity and authenticity
are being retained.

6. EFFECTSOFTOURISM
ONCOMMUNITIES
Components of the issue Indicators
Changes to resident
lifestyles, (cultural impact,
cultural change, community
lifestyle, values and
customs, traditional
occupations)
 % of residents changing from traditional occupation to tourism over previous
year(s); men and women;
 Number or % of residents continuing with local dress, customs, language,
music, cuisine, religion and cultural practices. (e.g. change in number of local
residents participating in traditional events);
 Increase/decrease in cultural activities or traditional events (e.g. % of locals
attending ceremonies).
 Number of tourists attending events and % of total;
 Value of tourist contribution to local culture (amount obtained from gate,
amount of donations);
 % of locals who find new recreational opportunities associated with tourism
(local questionnaire See Annex C 6).
Housing issues
 % of housing affordable for residents;
 Mode and average distance of travel to work or school;
 Number of new housing starts and % for local residents Note: prices of other
goods can also rise or fall (see also the  Economic Benefits p. 128);
 Note: Availability and access to some other services (e.g. health, water,
sanitation) can also change, positively or negatively with social effects
–see specific sections.
Community demographics
 Number of residents who have left the community in the past year;
 Number of immigrants (temporary or new residents) taking tourism jobs in the past
year;
 Net migration into/out of community (sort by age of immigrants and out-migrants).

7. Effect of Tourism
on Communities
 Community Attitudes
 Social Benefits
 Changes in Lifestyles
 Housing
 Demographics.

8. Access by Local Residents
to Key Assets
Components of the Issue Indicators
Retaining access to important
sites for local residents
 Access by locals to key sites (% of site
freely accessible to public);
 Frequency of visits by locals to key site(s);
(see also accessibility issue with regard to
access for persons with disabilities p. 90).
Economic barriers to access  Cost of access expressed in hours of local
wages.
Maintaining satisfaction with
access levels
 Perception of change in accessibility due to
tourism growth (see Local questionnaire
annex C 6);
 Number of complaints by local residents
regarding access.

9. Access by Local Residents
to Key Assets
 Access to Important Sites
 Economic Barriers
 Satisfaction with Access Levels

10. Gender Equity

11. GENDER EQUITY
Family Wellbeing
Components of the Issue Indicators
Stress
 % tourism employees (male/female) suffering increased
fatigue and stress as a result of work.
Childcare
 % of tourism operators who provide day care and other
benefits for employees with children.
Health and safety
 % of tourism operators who have regulations/made
commitments regarding equal gender opportunities;
 % of operators who promote staff awareness of occupational
health, safety and issues affecting female employees.
Transport
 % of tourism operators who provide transport for women
returning from night shifts.
Discrimination against women/men
 % employees who believe their gender has affected their
job advancement, pay or benefits.

12. GENDER EQUITY
Equal Opportunities in Formal Employment
Components of the Issue Indicators
Opportunities for Women
 Women/men as a % of all tourism employment;
 Women/men as a % of all formal tourism employment;
 Women/men as a % of all tourism informal occupations;
 % women/men in part-time employment.
Seniority
 % of women/men in different tourism income earning categories;
 % of women/men in unskilled, semi-skilled and professional
positions in the industry.
Entrepreneurs
 % of owner-operator tourism businesses run by women/men;
 % of tourism businesses registered under women/men.
Training
 % women/men tourism employees with formal training;
 % women/men employees sent on training programmes.

13. GENDER EQUITY
Traditional Gender Roles
Components of the Issue Indicators
Community tourism
 % women/men involved directly (providing services)
in village-based tourism projects;
 % women/men involved indirectly (supplying goods)
in village-based tourism projects.
Ownership  % women/men owning/controlling village tourism businesses.
Rewards
 Average income for women/men working in village-based
tourism business;
 % women/men involved in village-base tourism satisfied
with their work and rewards.

14. GENDER EQUITY
Access to Land and Credit
Components of the Issue Indicators
Land ownership
 % women/men with rights to land in tourism development areas;
 % women/men holding rights to tourism leases.
Loans
 % bank loans issues to women/men for tourism ventures;
 % women/men defaulting on bank loans;
 % donor grants issued to women/men for tourism ventures.

15. Gender Equity
 Family Wellbeing
 Equal Opportunities in Employment
 Traditional Gender Roles
 Access to Land and Credit

16. SEXTOURISM
Components of the issue Indicators
Vulnerable children are at
risk of abuse
 Numbers of children in vulnerable groups working in the destination, especially in the
vicinity of the hotel or other premises.;
 Number of NGOs or government services located in the destination, especially within
the vicinity of the hotel or other premises, to look after the welfare of children.
Lack of knowledge about
children's rights and how to
protect children
 % of staff trained on children's rights and how to protect children from abuse;
 Number and frequency of training sessions for staff/managers on how to protect
children;
 Number of contacts made with specialised NGOs;
 Locations of police and relevant authorities’telephone contact numbers within
hotel/premises;
 Number of times reports made by company to NGOs, police or other authorities about
suspected abuse on the premises;
 Existence of a person in the company nominated as focal point and responsible for
issues about children and community.
Children recruited through adult
sex tourism establishments
 Number of places where adult prostitution occurs in close proximity to the
hotel/premises;
 Mechanisms for checking ID of adult sex workers accompanying guests into rooms;
 Methods for registering ‘Joiners’ (“Joiner" is a term used for the 'guest' of a hotel
guest who wasn't registered at check-in. It often - but not always - refers to a sex
worker);
 Existence of policy on adult prostitution that reflects national laws.
Children have no access to
income and education
 % of revenue given to support children's charities;
 Number of suppliers that create jobs for local people;
 Number of staff volunteering to help local communities in skills transfer programmes;
 Number of reports available to provide information on the economic and social
development of local communities.

17. SEXTOURISM
Components of the issue Indicators
Sex offenders go to places
where they think they will not
get caught
 Number of information points showing relevant policy of hotel/premises to
protect children. E.g. -posters, information packs, registration forms, in-
flight videos, staff rooms, staff bulletin boards;
 Number of police stations in the vicinity of the hotel/premises that have
trained child protection officers.
The international travel and
tourism industry guidelines
and declarations to prevent
child sex tourism do not
often get implemented at the
local level
 Preparedness of travel and tourism business to openly condemn
child sex tourism;
 Preparedness of travel and tourism business to develop and
implement policies and programmes to protect children;
 Evidence that travel and tourism business has advocated for
children's rights in tourism industry meetings and conferences;
 Evidence that travel and tourism business has participated in multi-
stakeholder meetings on child protection and children's rights
issues.
The risk to children in
tourism destinations is
documented and shared
 Research on child sex tourism is encouraged throughout the business and
information provided to government agencies and NGOs for analysis;
 Regular reporting of actions through company reports and websites.

18. Sex Tourism
 Child Sex Tourism
 Education
 Prevention Strategies
 Control Strategies

19. SOME OF
Child Sex Tourism Factor
 The erosion of traditional values and socio-cultural norms in
tourist destinations related to dress, nudity, relationships between
adults and children; men and women;
 The absence of police and social welfare professionals in tourism
destinations.
 The increased demand for sex services from domestic and
foreign tourists;
 Lack of responsibility of tourists - the 'it's not my home' mentality;
 No integration of human rights and children's rights in tourism
industry training or policy making;
 Loss of traditional livelihood in and around tourism destinations.

20. Who are
The Offenders?
They may only do it once in their search for an 'exotic' holiday
experience.
However, there are numerous research reports that show this
type of offender can re-offend by justifying that they are
'helping' the local community.
The client of a brothel or 'go-go' bar
- this person goes looking for an adult sexual encounter but
doesn’t care too much if they are offered a child.

21. The Pedophile
They travel to places where they can target vulnerable children.
They are motivated by their sexual desire and can spend long
periods of time 'grooming' children and their families.
Paedophiles network around the world, share pornography via
the internet and communicate with each other about the best
places to travel where there is access to children.
There are also reports of a different type of offender - the
person who seeks out violent or deviant sexual behaviour with
either women or children. They are neither paedophiles nor
traditional sex tourists.
this person has a specific sexual
desire for children.

22. Images Source:
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