First Punic War Research Paper

First Punic War Research Paper
The First Punic War was the first major war that took place in ancient Rome. The First Punic War, also known as the First Carthaginian, was fought
between the Roman Republic and Carthage. The main goal of the war was to take control of the islands of Corsica and Sicily. In 264 B.C.E.
Carthage decided to interfere in a conflict amidst two major cities of Sicily: Messana and Syracuse. Rome, troubled with the intervention, sent troops
to Messana to suppress the dilemma. As a result, Carthaginians were forced to retreat. Four years later, a Roman fleet attempted to completely conquer
Sicily. As a result, Rome's operation failed due to the opening to Corsica, whereCarthage was exiled. Another four years later, a second Roman fleet
reached ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Rome ordered for Hannibal's exodus. However, Hannibal refused and Rome declared war. With Rome's conquest of the sea, Carthage's Hannibal
traversed his army through the Appalachian Mountains and to the Po River Valley. Instead of attacking the Romans head on, the Carthaginians
settled in Capua, destroying the Romans at the battle of Cannae in 216 B.C.E. Quintus Fabius Maximus Cunctator, developed a clever approach that
troubled Carthage. With this bold plan, Rome was eventually able to capture Capua. In 207 B.C.E. Hasdrubal and Hannibal joined armies and
prepared for an offensive on Rome. Fortunately, Rome was able to defeat Carthage's troops. In addition, a commander of Rome's army known as
Gaius Nero dispatched Hasdrubal and his army near the Metauros River. Hannibal was stationed in southern Italy until he was commanded to return to
Africa. In 206 B.C.E, Publius Scipio, a Roman general, defeated the Carthaginians at Ilipa and forced them out of Spain. In 204 B.C.E., Scipio
launched a full–frontal attack on Carthage in Africa. Rome was able to defeat the Carthaginians at the battle of Zama. As a result, Rome won the war
and Carthage abdicated its
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Punic Wars Research Paper
The Punic Wars
The Punic Wars were three wars fought between Rome and its rival, Carthage.
Carthage
Carthage was a city–state thought to have been founded in roughly 814 B.C. by Phoenician settlers. By around 265 B.C., Carthage was a very
powerful city–state, rivalling Rome's power. Though at first, its relationships with Rome had been quite peaceful, Rome later went to war against
Carthage in 264 B.C., resulting in the First Punic War.
First Punic War (264 B.C.–241 B.C.)
The First Punic War started as a result of Rome's intervention in a dispute on Sicily in 264 B.C. between the cities of Syracuse and Messina. Rome
supported Messina while Carthage supported Syracuse. It was not long before Rome and Carthage started fighting each other directly. The war lasted
23 years and resulted in Rome ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, Carthage had managed to establish a new major base in the Iberian Peninsula (what is now Spain), as well as establish a new leader,
Hannibal. The Second Punic War erupted in 218 B.C. out of a dispute over the Iberian city of Saguntum. During the war, Hannibal took an army that
included elephants across the Alps and into the Italian Peninsula. Initially, Hannibal's invasion of the Italian Peninsula was successful. However,
Rome managed to effectively stop Hannibal's invasion, which ultimately led to Hannibal's demise in 201 B.C. The Romans also fought some wars
against Macedonia in Eastern Europe at the same time. The war came to the end when Scipio Africanus defeated the Carthaginians. In the aftermath
of the Second Punic War, Rome controlled most of the eastern and western Mediterranean. Carthage's territory was reduced to just a small area in
northern Africa. Also, Carthage was forced to pay a large indemnity (an amount of money paid by the losing side in a war to the winning side to pay
for damages) and give up its fleet. As a result of these, Carthage was severely

The First Punic War
In the Mediterranean, before Rome was truly established as the dominant power in the region, Rome found itself at odds with the goals of a city on
an opposing shore of the sea, Carthage. During its time Carthage could have been considered almost an equal to Rome and, at times, even appeared as
though it might surpass Rome. But in their conflicts, Rome would not only solidify its dominance in the region but would also expand its power base
from not only the land but to the sea.
In the years before the First Punic War,Carthage was a city of massive economic and naval influence in the Mediterranean. It rose to power when
Queen Dido along with many other wealthy citizens of the city Tyre were driven out by Alexander the Great and settled in northern... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Despite the concessions that they made to Rome after the war, Carthage continued to improve economically through trade in the western Mediterranean
Sea. They established territories throughout eastern Spain and the northern coast of Africa. Rome watched this growth with trepidation. When the
Carthaginian commander Hannibal seized Saguntum, an allied city of Rome, which was surrounded by the territory of Carthage in 219 B.C. "Carthage
refused Roman demands for Hannibal's extradition" (Mulligan, n.d.). With time and trade Carthage had recovered their coffers from the First Punic
War, they had established new territories throughout the region, and with Hannibal at the lead of their armies, Carthage felt that they were now the
equal of Rome and were willing to defy its demands. Now the military tides had turned, Rome was the definitive naval power, but Hannibal marched to
Italy from Spain at the head of a well–trained "fifty thousand infantry, nine thousand cavalry, and a number of elephants" (Morey, 1901, para. 4) ready
to meet, and several times defeat, the Romans in ground combat. But despite their wealth and forces led by a military genius, Carthage did not have the
regional support that Rome had established. Thus, started the Second Punic War, the victor of which, Rome, would be finally be established as the
dominant

To What Extent Was Rome Responsible for the Punic Wars? Essay
The responsibility for the Punic wars greatly shifts from one to the next as both Rome and Carthage were Superpowers in their own right and it was
inevitable that there would be a collision and subsequent reaction from any action taken.
This exhausting conflict was, according to Caven, a 'contest in three rounds' in which the Romans fought first for control of Sicily, then for the
leadership of the western Mediterranean and finally to determine the survival or extinction of Carthage.
By 270 Rome had conquered Italy and organised it into a confederation of Roman citizens and Latin and Italian allies. Polybius says that the Romans
'Once having made themselves masters of Italy applied themselves to the conquest of countries further ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The romans had shown that they were prepared to protect the Mamertines, and Carthage had no reason to destroy them. The first Punic war was the
classic example of an incident that got out of hand
The first Punic War left Carthage greatly weakened. Rome now occupied Sicily, while the Mercenary War left Carthage vulnerable in Africa as well.
The Carthaginian response was to send Hamilcar Barca, their undefeated general from Sicily, to Spain (c.238–7 BC), where he was to greatly revive
Carthage's fortunes.
In 266 Carthage signed a treaty with Rome agreeing not to interfere with matters north of the River Ebro. This agreement didn't cause any problems to
either side at this point as Carthage's Spanish lines were much further south, while Rome was not involved in Spain at all at this point. This implies that
Rome felt she had the right to intervene in Carthage's affairs even at a distance, something that was bound to annoy the Carthaginians.
Hasdrubal was replaced in command in Spain the son of Hamilcar, who was elected by the army in Spain. Everything suggests that he was intent on
war with Rome from the moment he came to power, a trait he inherited from his father's complete hatred of all Romans (considered by Polybius to be
one of the main causes of the second war). May historians have alluded to the possibility that Hannibal's campaigns in Spain in 221 "can be seen as an
attempt to capture more fertile

Rome: The Most Successful Ancient Civilization
Introduction The Romans were the most successful ancient civilization, for their architecture and construction, government and justice system, and
their military prowess. They were able to construct still standing buildings, invent the Republic, and conquer the Mediterranean. Construction &
Architecture The first reason is their construction and architecture. The Romans were able to build many immense and complex structures such as
seven–story apartment homes, elaborate bath houses, massive arenas, and ornate temples. SanitationThe Romans also made advancements in sanitation
with their innovations in regards to sewers, aqueducts, and toilets. A public Roman bathroom was usually a long block of stone with holes
periodically cut into it. The aqueducts were to bring in fresh water from the hills to flush out the sewage. The sewers were tunnels underground that
carried sewage to a river. Since toilet paper was not available, the Romans used sponges on a stick, which were cleaned in water.
Colosseum
The Romans would not have been able to build all they did, however, without their invention of concrete. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Rome and Carthage continued fighting after the first Punic War, and Rome eventually took control of Sardinia. The Carthaginians eventually acquired
territory in Spain and continued war with Rome. When the Carthaginians marched through the Iberian Peninsula and refused to leave, Rome declared
war. The Carthaginians led their armies through Spain and Gaul, eventually encountering and defeating a Roman army. With the assistance of Gallic
tribesmen, the Carthaginians captured the second largest city in Rome, Capua. In 211 BC the Romans recaptured Capua. Another Carthaginian army
marched into Rome in 207 BC, but was also defeated. The Romans then marched on Spain and forced the Carthaginians out in 206 BC. The Romans
then attacked Africa and the Carthaginians surrendered after one last battle in 204

Why Is Carthage Equal To The First Punic War?
In order to determine how Carthage gained power almost equal to Rome, today under examination are the circumstances that lead up to the First Punic
war and the results of that war.
Carthage's origins are lost in mythological stories, but has it's roots in Phoenicians from Tyre. Her power was largely commercial and trade supremacy
and had conquered many of the Greek cities of Sicily and northern colonies of Africa. While Rome had triumphed over much of central and southern
Italy.
Carthage's rise to power in some part was due to the appointment of a permanent commander over the army in stark contrast to Rome's constantly
changing consuls. The government of Carthage was similar to Rome as it had a council of elders which could be compared to the Roman senate,
however, the essence remained different, with a few wealthy and prominent families controlling most of the power. All of this had worked in the favor
of Carthage and her power was tremendous. Carthage had made many treaties with chief countries of the world, including Egypt and Spain, she traded
with Tyre and Arabia and Carthage desired the Greek cities of Sicily and Italy.
The Roman Empire.net (n.d.) maintains that Carthage's location in relation to the Mediterranean sea gave her an advantage in becoming a naval
power, with the first sea expeditions rooted in trade. When Mago came to power ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Carthage possessed wealth and had naval supremacy. Since Carthage never incorporated any colonies that it conquered consequently, it lacked a body
of loyal citizens. While Rome sustained a larger, accumulation of devoted citizens having bestowed many of their colonies with full citizenship.
Carthage relied on wealth and commercial resources and Rome seemed to thrive under catastrophe with Romans showing cohesion in times of

The Causes Of The First Punic War?
The First Punic War: a Military History by J.F. Lazenby is a book about the war between Rome and Carthage. In the book Lazenby provides all the
available information on the war from numerous sources and then shifts through that information in order to come to a conclusion on what likely
really happened. To put it in Lazenby's own words the purpose of the book was to "work out what happened at least in outline, and on this basis
arrive at some understanding of why the war broke out, what the basic strategies of the two sides were, and why, in the end, Rome won"(Lazenby
pg.19).The book was published in 1996 but remains to be one of the best sources of the history of the Punic War.
Lazenby first presents where he got the evidence on the war from, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The causes of the war, as most of the history of the war, is open to debate and Lazenby acknowledges this stating not only the different possible causes
but also contradictions to those causes. According to Lazenby the prior to the war Rome and Carthage had a long and on the whole not entirely
unfriendly relationship. Lazenby makes mentions of four different treaties that both empires had entered together. The first treaty seemed to attempt to
restrict Roman trade with Africa and Sardinia while still allowing trade with Carthaginian Siciliy. The first treaty also attempted to protect Roman
interest in Latium. "The second treaties chief interest is that it implies that Utica was now in the Carthaginian sphere, and apparently adds southern
Spain to the areas where Romans were forbidden to trade, while further restricting their activities in Sardinia and Libya, but again safeguarding their
interests in Latium"(Lazenby pg.36). The third treaty was created as a result of a conflict between Rome and Tarentum along with Pyrrhus. After
defeating Rome in two different battles the King of Pyrrhus received a request for aid to help fight of the Carthaginians from some Greek states which
means that they would have to stop their conflict with Rome. Because of this request the Carthaginians and Romans entered into another treaty which
essentially stated that if either was attacked the other would come to its aid. Lazenby also mentions a fourth treaty cited from Livy that banned
Carthaginian interference in Italy and likewise the Romans in

Similarities Between Rome And Carthage
During the time Rome expanded its' empire and grew in power, it also had many rivals to that power. One of the persistent rivals was the
Carthaginians. In the following paragraphs, Carthage and Rome will be described in how each came to power, as well as the outcome of the conflict
in terms of strength and increase in naval power. First, Carthage was one of Rome's rivals that tended to be a thorn in their side, at least for a time.
Carthage had been colonized by the Phoenicians, and came to be a powerful capital city in Northern Africa. Like Rome, there were many myths
and stories surrounding its rise to power and especially in the founding of the city. The Roman and Carthaginian governments both had similar
power structures to some degree, except that Carthage did not give power to the people like Rome did. Both Rome and Carthage had chief
magistrates or consuls, a council of elders or a senate, and an assembly. What Rome lacked that gave Carthage an advantage was one leader over
military decisions, whereas Rome had many leaders that made the decisions for whether to go to war or not. Carthage was strong in its trading,
which had made it a very wealthy city. It traded products from both the East and the West, and had mastered this. They also possessed a navy that
rivalled many other cities and areas, as well as good leadership. Their most enduring and powerful trait, however, was their ability to trade and grow in
wealth. The first Punic war was when Carthage and Rome had

Second Punic War Causes
This paper will examine the causes and results of the Second Punic War (218–201). It will analyze the defeat of Hannibal and the failure as well as
success of his strategies, the invasion of Rome and their subsequent victory in the second Punic war. The paper will briefly look at the Fabian
strategies used during the war. The analysis of these topics will be based off of accounts left by ancient historians such as Polybius and Livy as well
as a range of modern historian's accounts. The second Punic war was started over Spain. With the Iberian Peninsula already well under Carthaginian
power; with the Iberians fighting in their wars and the use of their resources like gold, silver and other metals to pay for their equipment and the... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Second Punic War (218–201) broke out in the land of Italy where the majority of this war was fought. It saw over 120,000 casualties for the
Romans and most of Hannibal's army was also destroyed. The immediate cause for this war was the unprecedented attack by Hannibal and the
Carthaginian army on the city of Saguntum which was considered to be neutral territory between Carthage and Rome; said to be under Roman
protection. This was seen as an act of aggression and Rome declared war on Carthage.Hannibal's famous crossing of the Alps was the starting point of
this war when Hannibal surprised the Roman army by avoiding a naval war and instead found an alternate route to Italy where the first battles of Tredia
and Tresimene were fought in both the Romans suffered high casualties and were crushed by Hannibal's army. In 216 the Romans changed course and
redeemed themselves with various strategic military strategies post battle of Cannae, this when the Romans started using the 'Fabian Strategy',
avoiding direct confrontation with the Carthaginians thereby exhausting their resources and inflicting minor defeats along the way. Much of the Italian
land was also devastated as a result of this war.Finally, with The Romans' resolute attitude coupled with the miscalculated moves by Hannibal and his

Similarities Between Roman And American Culture
America as the New Rome In World Cultures my freshman year, we learned about the zeitgeist theory. This theory says that as a culture passes from
the dominant world culture to a subsidiary culture, they pass on their knowledge and glory to their successor. Zeitgeist is actually a German term,
meaning "time ghost," signifying that the ghost, or soul, of a culture is passed through time. Currently, America is the dominant culture in the world,
and more and more we are noticing the soul of Rome popping up in our day to day lives. To get to the root of this phenomenon, we should look at our
roots; the way in which this country was founded. Pilgrims left their homelands in search of a free land, one where they could escape the rule... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In both World War II and in the Second Punic war, the enemy made a fatal mistake that cost them the war. Germany failed to invade Britain and
Hannibal failed to invade Rome. Both failed actions allowed for a victory for their opponents and solidified the victor's seat of power. As for the
similarities in the lifestyles of Romans and Americans, there is quite a list. Romans loved their sports, and Americans certainly love their sports. The
Romans are famous for their blood lust in sports, exemplified by the gladiators and other Colosseum events, whereas Americans seem to prefer
football and wrestling. However, the basics are the same. When it comes time for the event, the crowds flock to the stadiums, filling the stands, and
watch on with great enthusiasm and the players are heralded as heroes in their prime. The stadiums themselves are almost the same in design, even to
the retractable roof. People are saying that with time, Americans are needing more and more stimulus, which is why baseball has been overcome by
football as the sport of choice, and why in more recent years so–called extreme sports are on the rise. It is no doubt that in time, Americans may revert
to Roman tendencies and use death and violence as entertainment. Entertainment is central to both cultures. Rome had its theaters, whereas America
has Hollywood and Broadway. On a more primal level, both societies have a constant presence of sex surrounding

The Ancient Roman Civilization
The Ancient Roman civilization was a remarkable society noted in history, it was led by countless great leaders that sustained the great civilization
for ages. The Romans encountered many wars and battles, they didn't win all of their battles; however, they've learned through their failures to
improve upon the progress of their society. In 264 BC to 146 BC the Romans were involved in a prolonged war with the Carthaginians, known as the
Punic War. (Chris Scarre, 24–25) The word Punic comes from the Latin derivation of the word Punicus which translates to "Carthaginian", referring to
the Carthaginian's Phoenician ancestors. (Keith Sidwell, 16) The Punic war was broken into 3 parts: The first Punic war (264–241 B.C.), the second
Punic war (218–201 B.C.), and the third Punic war (149–146 B.C.) Wars around this era wasn't based on ideals, it was strictly for territory. The
Romans fought for control over the lands all throughout Europe, North Africa, and parts of Middle East. Around this time the Carthaginians were the
biggest threat to the Romans. It wasn't only because they had land, but also the competitions of trade/economic stand point. This was the final spark for
the Romans to part–take in the destruction of Cartage Civilization at the end of the third Punic war. The Romans managed to win the wars of the Punic
war. One would suspect that the Ancient Roman Civilization would prosper from the victories from wars. However, in reality the Punic war deemed
to be more costly to

Causes Of The Punic Wars
The Punic Wars were a series of conflicts between Rome and Carthage for control of the Mediterranean. They are called the Punic Wars because the
word "Punic" is derived from the Roman word for Phoenician, in reference to the Carthaginians' ancestry. Carthage was founded by settlers from
Phoenicia on the fertile land of North Africa. The Phoenicians were known as brave and skillful sailors and merchants. By the third century BC,
Carthage became a substantially strong power of the Western Mediterranean. It was considered the richest city in the world. All maritime trade between
East and West Mediterranean went through it. Hundreds of ships transported goods from all over the world. The city, built up with tall buildings, had
700 thousand inhabitants. The Greek colonies in Sicily and Southern Italy were the only serious competition to Carthage. There was a continuous
struggle between them for the possession of the island for 100 years, since the end of the fifth century BC. Four times the Carthaginians conquered the
island. However, they could not take the city of Syracuse.
Rome conquered the territory of present Italy and was ready to join the battle with Carthage. Although the Italian Greeks and Romans did not have
high–speed vessels – pentera – like the Carthaginians did, but their forces on the ground were equal. Carthage had a well–trained mercenary army,
cavalry and elephants. However, the army was unreliable. Mercenaries served as long as they were paid. The Roman guard

Consequences Of The Second Punic War
What were the outcomes of the second Punic War?
Study showcased by Morey, William C. (1901), stated that the Carthage was angered that the Numidians had been permitted to encroach upon their
country, and in return, Carthage brought together a small a military group to attack Numidia without Roman authorization. Prior to that, it was the
opportunity Romans was waiting for. In spite of the fact that most Roman senators wanted a good rationalization for face–to–face meeting, they
couldn't reject the fact that Carthage had broken the agreement. This was the purpose for war that they wanted. When Rome attained awareness of this
unauthorized violence, they started the building the predominant military of ancient times. The primary and most significant reason of what is known
as the "Second Punic War," was this international treaty made 50 years prior, and that the Romans having a firm conviction that the Carthaginians had
broken it.
The most incredible war of ancient times was Hannibal Barca, considered Rome's greatest enemy. Hannibal was the son of the commander Hamilcar
Barca, a prominent military leader in the first of the three ancient conflicts. As a young boy, Hannibal swore... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Second Punic War, fought between the Romans and the Carthaginians is no exception. Actually, for Rome, most of their support came from a
united people. When on the other hand with the Carthaginians, their generals for the war was a military genius. Morey, William C. (1901) stated that
the story was told that Quintus Fabius, the chief Roman envoy, lifted up a fold of his toga and said to the Carthaginian senate, "Here we bring you
peace and war; which do you choose?" the they replied, "Give us either." Following their response, then Quintus Fabius replied "I offer you war." "And
this we accept," shouted the

Pros And Cons Of The Punic Wars
The Punic wars were a combination of several conflicts between the Roman and Carthaginian empires. The first of the three campaigns began in the
3rd century B.C., and the final encounter occurred about a hundred years later. The Roman and Carthaginian militaries were the largest in the region,
but their differences showed clear advantages, and weaknesses. When the final war ended, Rome emerged victorious, but the men and resources lost
dealt a heavy blow to the empire. In the early 3rd century B.C., Rome and Carthage were expanding their empires and met at the city of Sicily. At the
time the Roman military consisted of well regulated infantry and cavalry, but hardly any naval forces ready for combat. The Carthaginian military was
the opposite. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Hannibal was very successful in the numerous battles but he knew he would not take Rome. Hannibal turned to politics to gain the support of Rome's
allies, but he did not receive enough. While Hannibal was moving through Italy Rome was preoccupied on another front. They had enter their
Macedonian wars and were spread thin. For several years the two empire engaged in open battles, raids, and skirmishes. By 202 B.C., Hannibal's
resources were depleted and he had no choice but to return and hold a defensive position against Rome. Rome regained a large amount of land through
the peace treaty and Carthage lost the advantages they once

The Punic Wars According To Polybius
Caitlin Wagner
Mrs Crowell
Ancient World History
May 10, 2017
The Punic Wars according to Polybius
The three Punic Wars between Rome and Carthage went on for over a century. The wars started in 264 B.C. and ended with the Romans destroying
Carthage in 146 B.C. The conflict between the countries came from the clash of economic interests. The wars were the first big wars of Roman
expansion outside Italy. Carthage had a big empire along the coast of North America, southern Spain, and a few parts of Sicily. The purpose of these
wars was to decide which power would become the dominant force around the Mediterranean Sea. The first war was the beginning of the Roman
conquest of the Mediterranean sea, and lasted more than twenty years. The second was ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He admired the way they managed and organized things. Polybius thought that the Roman constitution was a amazing combination of the three main
forms of government; monarchy, aristocracy, and democracy. He feels that balance is crucial to a govenmennt. like a "well
–trimmed ship" says
Polybius, The Roman army was ran by Consuls, A consul was a highest elected political officer of the Romans. They made all the big decisions
and possessed almost absolute authority. The Consuls appointed twelve Tribunes who served under the Consuls. The army was split into four
legions, and within those four legions were four groups. The youngest, the velites, who were set out for light armed troops, the second youngest
were the Hastati, the first line of melee infantry, the principles made up the second line of infantry. Polybius said that the Principes were usually
spearmen armed with a long stabbing spear called a hasta, but were later required to carry gladii and two pila. The triarii were the most experienced
line. The Triarii were the wealthiest members of the Roman infantry and were also the oldest usually. The Roman cavalry were made up of the
republic's richest citizens. These cavalrymen also only were required to serve ten years in the military rather than the typical twenty of the infantry.
Polybius doesn't say how they were armored, but said that that they were dressed similarly to the Greeks. The Romans were very strict

Hannibal: AfricaвЂ™s Tactical Genius Essay
Hannibal was a Punic Carthaginian military commander, reputed to be one of the greatest in history and even a better tactician. Hannibal lived in a
time of great friction in the Mediterranean where the Roman Republic dominated Macedon, Syracuse and the Seleucid Empire. He was a notable
member of the Barca family, a noble family well known for being staunch antagonists of the Roman Republic. His father Hamilcar was a leading
commander in the First Punic War, his brother–in–laws were Hasdrubal the Fair who preferred diplomacy to war and the Numidian king Naravas, and
both his brothers, Mago (commanded Hannibal's forces and made decisive pushes) and Hasdrubal (defended Carthaginian cities in Hispania as
Hannibal left for Italy in 218 BC) ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Hannibal was also one of the few historical generals to commandeer a multicultural and polyglot army for years, recognizing the importance of
language mastery when it came to seizing and maintaining control over conquered territory and fostering relationships among his militia; uniting them
for a single cause: destroying the Empire.
Prior to the start of the Second Punic War, on his now–renowned expedition towards Italy, Hannibal and his men fought their way through the
Pyrenees, subduing tribes in their wake through advantageous mountain tactics and stubborn fighting. He left 11,000 of his troops to garrison the
region and another 11,000 Iberian soldiers behind who were allegedly reluctant to leave their home's shores. And so he entered Gaul (Western
Europe) with a supposed 50,000 foot soldiers and 9,000 horsemen. Realizing he had stretched his forces a little too thin, Hannibal knew he could not
afford to irk the Gaulish as he was at a disadvantage when it came to military might. So he avoided war or any hindering forms of opposition from the
Gaulish by placating their chiefs and reaching the Rhone River before the Romans could stop him .
Hannibal won three major victories over the Italian cities of Trebia, Trasimene and Cannae, breaking records in each battle. The Battle of Trebia was
the first battle of the Second Punic War fought in December 218 B. C. under harsh, extremely

The Punic Wars was a series of three wars fought between Romans and the Carthage, this war was important because it was probably the largest war
that had ever taken place. The Carthage traveled with elephants all the way from North Africa to Rome in an attempt to wipe them out, it resulted in
hundreds dying on both sides. It was also called the Punic wars because the Romans called the Carthaginians: Punici, or Poenici.
The First Punic Warwas 264–241 BC, which happened as the effect of the Battle of Messana. The second Punic War was 218–201 BC, 33 years after
the first war. The third,and last, one was 149–146 BC. The third Punic War took place 52 years after the first. Altogether, the war itself lasted 43 years.
Although counting how long ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They were both friendly with each other but then the Carthage helped fight a war against the King Hiero II, who was the king of Syracuse. Syracuse
was was a city in Sicily.The Romans didn't like that because Syracuse was under Roman protection. The Roman king didn't want to do anything but the
people of Rome wanted war.
The Battle Messana of was the mark of the beginning of the first Punic War. The battle was 265– 264 BC. The Romans and Carthage wanted the city
Sicily. It ended with the Romans winning Messana . The Battle of Messana was short but made a war that was going on for over twenty years.
The third Punic War, final war was the most well known of all the Punic Wars. It lasted 149 BC to 146 BC. It was the most well known because that
was when Carthage was destroyed. In 149 BC, a Roman army came to Carthage and demanded that the Carthage give three hundred children hostages
and all of their weapons. The Carthage did that although the Romans did not stop there. They wanted the Carthage to surrender their land although the
Carthage did not

Rome During The Punic Wars
This paper will explain how Carthage came to rival Rome during the Punic Wars. It will discuss their strengths and weaknesses in detail, leading to
reasons as to why the Romans felt they needed to assemble their own navy.
After her previous conquest, Rome continued to explore looking for more new lands. She ventured into the Sicilian Strait. Once there, she made her
presence known throughout the region. Little did she know another well–established world power resided there, and its name was Carthage (Morey
1901).
During this time, Carthage consisted of wealthy Phoenicians who were exiled from Tyre after it was destroyed by King Alexander of Macedonia. After
entering North Africa and conquering the inhabitants (Numidians and Lydians) Carthage... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The patriotic Roman Consul knew if they were to win the First Punic war, they would need to assemble their own navy, one that could rival the
Carthaginians (Morey 1901). Taking their blueprint from a of a wrecked Carthaginian ship, the Romans assembled their warships. In need of an
edge, they decided to find a way to for their soldiers to board the enemies' ship. Once aboard the Carthaginians wouldn't stand a chance (Morey
1901). So, they constructed ships with drawbridges called a corvus. The corvus was essentially a large drawbridge with a spike on the end of it.
When the Romans got close enough they would lower the bridge (corvus), slamming the spike into the deck of the opposing ship. The only
drawback to this contraption was that it couldn't be used during rough weather, because if they did the connection would put both ships in danger
during inclement weather (Rickard 2001). It was during the Battle of Mylae that we get to see their plan come together, Carthage's navy had tasted
her first defeat, losing over fifty ships at sea (Morey 1901). We can see an example of how Roman patriotism won the day during the Battle for
Aegates Islands in 241 B.C. during the end of the First Punic War. The Roman navy had experienced repeated failures out at sea, losing countless
amounts of treasure, and over a sixth of its population, yet they continued to press on for

Second Punic War Research Paper
Operational Variables of the Second Punic War The Second Punic War took place from 218
–201 B.C. The war was the second of three wars that
centered on the power struggle between the powers of Carthage and Rome throughout the eastern and western Mediterranean. Carthage's goal was to
regain status lost during the First Punic Warand replace Rome as the power in western Mediterranean (Cartwright). While Hannibal's forces strategically
defeated the Romans in several battles, the war ultimately concluded with a Roman victory and absolute control of the western Mediterranean. By
studying the operational environment, the battle can be analyzed using PMESII–PT variables in order to better understand the outcome of the Second
Punic War.
BACKGROUND ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Carthage became the wealthiest city in the region by 265 B.C. and possessed the leading naval power (Punic Wars). While some clashes erupted
between Carthage and other powers in the area, the relations between the city and the Romans remained generally peaceful. However, the relationship
changed in 264 B.C. when Rome intervened in a dispute between the cities of Syracuse and Messina on the island of Sicily (Punic Wars). Rome
supported Messina, while Carthage sided with Syracuse. The interactions between Carthage, Rome, and the two cities led to a direct conflict between
Rome and Carthage (Punic Wars).
Over the following 20 years, around 264–244 B.C., Rome quickly built its naval power in order to destroy the Carthaginian forces during a period of
turmoil and war known as the First Punic War (Punic Wars). After several battles, the Romans were able to achieve a decisive victory against the
legendary navy in 241 B.C. The war concluded with Sicily becoming Rome's first overseas province (Punic

Rome Vs Carthage Essay
Rome Vs. Carthage one of the most notorious on going wars in the history known to man. The three wars fought between them are known as the Punic
wars and were probably the largest wars fought up to that time. But, what drove these wars and what Rome decide that Carthage needed to be destroyed
completely? At the beginning, Carthage was the dominant sea–power in the Mediterranean and the largest Empire west of Egypt. "Before the wars, the
two cities had been generally friendly as they had few points of conflict and common enemies (the Greek cities in southern Italy)"(MacMaster).
Rome's military was based on its citizens. Carthage's was mainly mercenaries or drawn from allied African peoples, Carthaginian citizens supplied
officers and sailors. The first Punic war was between the times of 264–241 it started as a conflict between groups in Sicily. Rome was victorious on
land, but at sea Carthage was dominant. "Romans decided to build a fleet as rapidly as possible and come up with the corvus as a means to use their
strengths at sea"(MacMaster). After there was a failed Roman invasion of Africa, the Romans begin winning most naval victories. The war ends with
Carthage surrendering all Sicily to Rome and paying an indemnity. After the defeat... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
War breaks out in 218 BC and Hannibal sets off with his army to army invade Italy. The Second Punic War was from 218
–201 BC. Hannibal was very
successful in his invasion. His goal was to defeat Roam and get it's allies to join him, he repeatedly defeats Romans and destroys the Roman army at
Cannae. During the mist of Hannibal's rain of terror against Rome they started to form allies in Africa with the the rulers of Numidia. "Scipio
Africanus invades Africa (204) and with Massinissa, king of Numidia, rapidly pushes Carthage and its allies." Hannibal returns home and, at battle of
Zama, Rome and its allies defeat

What kind of a war lasts century? Well, in ancient times a series of wars called the Punic Wars lasted approximately a century. The Punic Wars
consisted of three parts: the First Punic War, the Second Punic War, and the Third Punic War. The wars and battles were between both Carthage and
their allies versus Rome and their allies. The Punic wars were very important in shaping present–day society in both Carthage and Rome.
Believe it or not, Carthage and Rome started off as friends. The main reason they started fighting each other was because of a small island territory
off the coast of Italy called Sicily. Despite Carthage's constant disputes with its neighboring regions, Carthage and Rome were historically friendly
towards one another. Over the years, the two cities formed and signed treaties solidifying trading rights. Ultimately the First Punic war was launched in
264 B.C., when Rome got in the middle of a dispute on the Carthaginian controlled island of Sicily (Punic Wars)
Both cities, Rome and Carthage, wanted the island of Sicily for commercial purposes. "In 264 B.C. Cartlidge threaten to seize the Strait of Messina, A
narrow ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Romans and the Carthaginians had been at peace for nearly 50 years, but some members of the Roman Senate were convinced that Carthage was
still a threat. The Romans were looking for a reason to start another war with the Carthaginians, and they gave them one on a silver platter. "In 149
B.C., after Carthage technically broke its treaty with Rome by declaring war against the neighboring state of Numidia, the Romans sent an army to
North Africa, beginning the Third Punic War." (Punic Wars) Three years later the Romans burned Carthage to the ground, and sold the 50,000
remaining survivors into slavery. Scipio Aemilianus led the destruction, and he ended all of his speeches with "Carthago delenda eat", meaning
Carthage must be destroyed. (World History Book page

The Romans And Carhaginians In The Punic Wars
The Punic wars was a series of wars that determined how the rest of world history would play out in the future. The Romans and Carthaginians were
the powerhouses of the Mediterranean for many years. Both had the wealth and the power to rule the Mediterranean. Because of this, the two
empires clashed for control of the Mediterranean and the small countries around it. The 2nd conflict lasted from 218 to 201 B.C. and changed the
course of history for centuries. Many ethnic groups fought in this war for money, fame, alliances, as well as fear. This war affected many people.
Carthages empire was based on commerce which allowed them to have the wealth to create massive mercenary armies to do there doing. On the other
hand Romans armies were based... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Hannibal planned to travel to Italy and fight Rome on its home court. Hannibal hoped that if he kept winning in their own land then the countryside
would rise up and join Hannibal to destroy Rome. Hannibal and his troops however had a problem, the Medertierrian was still ruled by the Romans
traveling through the sea would be death for him and his men. Because of this Hannibal thought of a risky idea that now is one of the greatest
accomplishments of a general in warfare. According to Educari Unlimited, a youtube channel, they state in Autumn 218 B.C. "Hannibal made the
journey by land crossing the Alps with around 100,000 men and 37 elephants". Hannibal decided his best bet in success of defeating the Romans was
by crossing through the Alps with his army. His army was around 90,000–100,000 strong filled with many different kinds of warriors. Some from North
Africa from multiple tribes such as Libyans, Liby–Phoenicians, Numidians, Moors and Gaetulians. Numidians were formidable light cavalry
skirmishers while the others were swordsmen, spearmen, and skirmishers. Hannibal also had many Iberians in his army. Some were swordsmen and
some were cavalry. Also along the Alps many different Gaul tribes joined and filled in the ranks of his army. At the center of Hannibal's army was his
Sacred Band, these were loyal Carthaginian citizens and his massive war elephants. This massive army travelled through the Alps for

The Punic Wars consisted of three major wars. It involved a conflict that was fought between ancient Carthage and Rome. All three Punic Wars that
were fought were between the same two forces, which were Carthage and Rome. It took place almost over nearly a century ago. The Punic War began
in 264 BC and it ended in 146 BC with some destruction of Carthage. The word Punic came from the word Phoenician, and the reason the Punic War
broke out was because Rome interfered in a dispute on the island of Sicily that was controlled by the Carthaginians. Sicily is an island that is located in
the Mediterranean. In the first Punic War, the Roman had no navy. They didn't even know anything about sea battles either. They built and equipped
about 330 ships. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This empire was located in the Western Mediterranean. The Battle of Zama marked the end of the second Punic War. This battle left Rome in control
of Spain, which allowed Carthage to preserve territory in North Africa only.
Of all the Punic Wars, the 3rd Punic War was the last of the Punic Wars. The third Punic War was the most controversial. It was also known to be
one of the most unnecessary as well. It really was no point or reason as to why the third Punic War even happened or went about. As Carthage was
recovering, their empire had been taken away by the Romans. Most of what happened between the two forces, it did not go so well for most of the
Romans or the Roman senators. At the time, Carthage had troubled the Romans not only once, but two times. Carthage in some way was beginning to
harm the Romans.
Cato wanted Carthage to be destroyed so much that he even began a slogan. He repeated this slogan so many times until he was sure that his wish
would come true. He constantly repeated this slogan over and over saying, "Carthage must be destroyed!" Cato ended up getting his wish anyways,
but as him repeating his slogan so many times, Rome decided to go to war. It was the most controversial war between the conflicts of Rome and
Carthage. The third Punic War was the result of efforts by Cato. Cato was a censor, a general, and a Roman

Carthage
Carthage was the Phoenician City–State on the coast of what is now the country of Tunisia. Phoenician is a term used to describe the people who
originally migrated out of areas such as Iran and Syria and Palestine. Hugging the coastal region of the Mediterranean, the Carthaginian ruling class
was able to spread their power and influence much like Rome was able to on the Italian peninsula. With trade, diplomacy and some military force, the
city state of Carthage was able to spread out from its city to present day Spain and the Gulf of Sidra in present day Libya.
One could say that the two cities of Carthage and Rome "grew up" at the same time, from the 7th Century BCE on. By the time Rome began
expanding its borders through trade and alliances, one of the first established super–powers it met was Carthage; already a well developed power in its
own right. As Morey states, the two cities were fairly equally matched; Carthage was wealthier, but Rome was better organized. Carthage had a better
navy and Rome a better Army. Carthage had better leaders, but Rome had more dependable and loyal citizens.
The ruling families of Carthage were able ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The first large conflict between the two began over control of the island Sicily. Both empires already had colonies on the island along with two other
nations (the Kingdom of Syracuse and the Campanians). The struggle for authority and control over the island sparked the First Punic War. Not only
were battles fought on the Sicilian island itself, but on Carthaginian soil along the African coast. After the first few losses, Rome was able to even the
odds by taking one of Carthage's Warships and reproducing their own versions. Within 60 days, it is said that Rome built 100 of their own
quinquiremes. (Morey, Chapter 14) Now with naval equality and a superior army, Rome should have been

Three Wars: The First Punic War
First Punic War In 264 a.c. Rome and Carthage came into conflict over Sicily. Carthagefeared that Rome would take the island. Rome, in turn, believed
that Carthage planned to close the Strait of Messina r a narrow passageway
between Italy and Sicily. The conflict, which
lasted until 241 s.c., was the first of three wars
that came to be known as the Punic Wars.
Carthage was wealthier than Rome and had
the strongest navy in the Mediterranean. Rome
had a better army, and territory that was easier to
defend. However, after losing several battles at
sea, the Romans built a new fleet and developed
a new naval tactic. They used grappling irons
and movable bridges to join the ir ships to
Carthaginian ones. Roman soldiers then board–
ed

Summary: The First Punic War
During the first Punic war (264–241 BC), Sicily became the stake of these two powers: one maritime, Carthage and the other continental: Rome, which
had subdued South Italy, and coveted that rich island, the greater part of which belonged to the Carthaginians. After some disappointments due to their
inexperience in maritime construction and the art of sailing, the Romans, whose strength of character was no longer to be demonstrated, decided
fighting the Carthaginians at sea and devising an original technique transforming a naval battle into land combat: the development of the "corvus", an
iron grapple falling on the deck of enemy ships, immobilizing them and allowing the legionaries on board to attack the enemy and their ship in close
combat.

Similarities Between Rome And Carthage
Carthage was the first real foreign power Rome would come across outside of Italy, its origins from a Tyre colony to the capital of the great
commercial empire in northern Africa (Morey, 1901) are lost to the ravages of time. The journey discussed below will be the similarities with Rome in
its rise to power, and how Rome was able to become a force of the Sea as well as on land. Body
Rome and Carthage shared many aspects when the two first clash. Carthage had two chief magistrates referred to as Suffetes, which compared to the
political power of the Roman consuls, a council of elders named the "hundred," which was similar to the Roman senate, and there was a Carthaginian
assembly, the consistency resembled the Roman comitia (Morey, 1901). This is where the similarities end for Carthaginian, ruled by a few wealthy
families, the Carthaginians did not integrate their subjects into the state, and they did not have the great loyalty of its citizens that Rome enjoyed. By
placing its army under the command of a single permanent leader, Carthage created an overwhelming advantage to Rome, which had its armies
controlled by the ever–changing civil magistrates and consuls (Morey, 1901).
Carthage gained her power through the wealth of trade and commere, bringing the northern African colonies and cities of Sicily under control, solidified
her dominance in the Mediterranean. Through wealth comes strength and the ability to obtain more wealth by expanding one's territory, which brought
Carthage to desire the Greek cities of Italy also (Morey, 1901). The very cities bordering Rome, leading to the beginning of hostilities between
Carthage and Rome.
To compare Rome and Carthage, the strength and resources available to both are close enough to make the war last a long time. Carthage was
wealthy, yet not as organized as Rome. Carthage ruled the sea with its fearful navy, Rome had the terrifying army. Carthage might have had the
superior leaders, but Rome had more loyal citizens ready to jump into the fray. The Carthaginians could be best described as a people that loved to
win, where the Romans would be better defined as people that hated to lose. (Kornell, 2012).
The first battles between Rome and Carthage are

Concs And Romes Advantages And Disadvantages
Carthage and Rome were two great powers that existed in Italy and Spain. Two fought continuous for power over the region, utilizing their individual
strengths to their benefits, both, evolving to best the other.
Carthage and Rome both rise to the occasion
Carthage, like Rome, was concerned with increasing its power in the region by conquering cities and taking over their land. Carthage used a governing
system similar to that of Rome, however they did not require the cities they conquered to become their subjects (Morey, 1901). Carthage had a stable
army with permanent general and this enabled them to become quite the fighting force. Carthage and Rome were destined to become rivals as the two
were both powerful forces in their own right. According to Morey (1901), Carthage had greater wealth, but Rome was better organized and whilst
Carthage had a more powerful navy, Rome's army was her strength.
The First Punic war was the beginning of the conflict between Rome and Carthage. The two fought for possession of Sicily, which at the time was in the
hands of Syracuse, Campanian
Soldiers and Carthage. Rome was brought into the foray on the island when the King of Syracuse advanced on the Campanian soldiers, forcing them to
seek help from Rome. When Rome delayed their response, the Campanians, brought in help from Carthage. Rome viewed this as a betrayal and the
Roman general seized the Carthaginian commander in a feat of treachery.
Carthage agreed to give up Messana (Campanian

Hannibal And The First Punic War
Hannibal was born in 247BCE, he was the son of a Carthaginian general named Hamilcar Barcareerred, who rallied his North African nation–state from
defeat in the First Punic War (264–241 BC) to conquer much of Iberia. Hannibal grew up in military service, and following the 221 BC assassination
of his brother–in–law Hasdrubal, who had replaced Hamilcar, Hannibal took charge of the Carthaginian army. He soon proved a brilliant field
commander who applied his intellect and martial skills to the singular end of winning battles. Hannibal, a sworn enemy of all things Roman, declared
war against them and this was the start of the Second Punic War (218–201 BC). Victory in Italy was Hannibal's sole objective. To achieve it, he
marched the bulk of his army in Iberia across southern Gaul and over the Alps into the Roman heartland. Hannibal's strategy was to attack Rome.
Although his tactics for battle were superior he had strategic failures which would eventually lead to his campaign in failure.
The first Punic war started as the Romans moved over the sea and marched on Sicily to gain lands there. The war began 264 BCE and finished 241
BCE. There were a lot of battles especially with the Battle of Agrigentum being a massive learning curve for the Carthage army as it was routed by the
Romans.
After these events the Carthaginian Empire decided to use their Navy as one of the strategies to win the war. What they didn't know is that the Romans
had built many ships and armed them with a

The Second Punic War : The Causes Of The Second Pinic War
The Punic Wars were clashes between titans and were arguably the largest wars of the time period as the two participants were some of the most
powerful nations of the time. The outcome of these wars determined the nation to dominate the Mediterranean for years to come, and the largest of the
wars was the Second Punic War. There were many potential causes of the Second Punic War, but the harsh result of theFirst Punic Warwas the most
influential factor in the start of the Second Punic War. Roman aggression, Carthaginian humiliation, and Hamilcar's attempts at redemptions were all
outcomes of the end of the First Punic War. Hamilcar Barca was admiral of the Carthaginian Navy whenCarthage was defeated during the First Punic
War. An effective leader, Hamilcar ended the war undefeated in Sicily. His efforts were in vain, however, as Rome proved to be triumphant in the
seas. Hamilcar was a very patriotic man, so when, despite all his successes, Carthage failed to win the war, he swore revenge (Caven). This was the
first event of many that set Hamilcar down on his path. Carthage's navy was devastated after the end of the First Punic War. Also, the mercenaries
Carthage hired in the first war revolted against them. While Carthage was victorious, their military and economy were further crippled. Rome saw this
vulnerability, and took the opportunity to seize the island of Sardinia knowing that the Carthaginian navy would be too weak to mount any sort of
resistance. When Carthage protested this action, Rome threatened the recently defeated state with war. Knowing that they were too weak after the
results of the first war, Carthage was forced to submit. This affront only continued to fuel the rage of the Carthaginian people and, more importantly,
Hamilcar Barca. Revenge was the life goal of Hamilcar, but he knew that Carthage needed more power in order to once again wage war against Rome
(Goldsworth). In order to recover from their losses in the First Punic War, Carthage decided to conquer the Iberian Peninsula. The Treaty of Lutatius,
which ended the First Punic War, had terms that prevented Carthage from expanding past the Ebro River which was situated in Northern Iberia
(Goldsworthy). This expansion was

Causes of the Second Punic War
WORD COUNT: 1650 The two biggest powers of the Mediterranean where always destined to come head to head once again after the First Punic
War (264 to 241 BC). There was no clear victor and the terms set by the Romans were extremely harsh. Even though the main cause of the second
war was the war on Saguntum you must go back all the way to the ending of the First War. The war on Saguntum was seen by Polybius to be just the
first incident in the war. In this essay I will look into the causes of the Second Punic Warwith the intention of backing up Polybius argument that the
war on Saguntum was just the first incident and not a cause as Livy views it. I will be doing this with close analysis of our ancient sources. Three
main causes will be ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
All this plus having to give up more than one piece of land was a huge blow to Carthaginian pride. As Livy put it; "mutual hatred was hardly less
sharp a weapon than the sword" in the led up to war. This just helps to reinforce the argument that war was unavoidable one way or another and
therefore the war on Saguntum was just an incident which led to a war which would eventually decide the dominant power in the Mediterranean.
The success the Barca family had in the Spanish Peninsula was another huge factor which contributed to the war. It affected both Rome and Carthage.
We must first look into what caused the expansion of Carthage into the Spanish Peninsula. When Hamilcar Barca had to give up Sicily and Sardinia
he took a huge blow to his pride. And as Livy mentions "he was a proud man" and therefore the taking of Sicily which "had been surrendered too
soon" and the fact that he was tricked into giving up Sardinia made Hamilcar determined to something about it. The Punic population also felt the
same way as Hamilcar did towards the Romans. They despised the "tyrannical attitude of their conquerors" and therefore there was hardly any dispute
when they had to decide whether to go to war or not. After the First Punic War, Hamilcar went to Spain with the purpose of building a power base to
use against Rome. Not in order to be able pay their debts back as he told the Romans. Livy states that Carthage expansion in Spain was just a step in
Hamilcar

How Is Rome And Carthage Similar In The Punic Wars?
Rome and Carthage were both similar, yet different, cities that had their commercial influence in the western mediterranean sea. So it is only natural
that these two civilizations eventually clashed with one another in the Punic Wars over the supremacy of the mediterranean sea. Both civilizations had
similar governments and power, yet the Romans prevailed over the Carthage and in the process became a naval power.
Carthage starts out as a Phoenician colony from Tyre. Unlike the Romans, who became powerful by conquering their neighbors, the Carthaginians
became a naval power through commerce. Carthage commerced by "buying and selling the products of the East and the West" (Morey, 1901). They
had commercial agreements with the main powers at the time (Morey, 1901). Since commerce was the base of their wealth and power, the
Carthaginians had a very powerful navy, which was the main means of commerce. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The city had two magistrates called Suffetes (Morey, 1901) similar in functions to the Roman Consuls, a council of elders, similar to the Roman
Senate and a general assembly that mirrored the Roman Comitia. On the other hand, there were striking differences with the Roman government. For
instance, the real power resided in a wealthy elite. Moreover, the Carthaginians did not incorporate subjects into their civilization as the Romans did,
so they did not have a "great body of loyal citizens" (Morey, 1901). Finally, the army was in the hands of one commander.
Rome and Carthage were "nearly equal in strength and resources" (Morey, 1901). Carthage was wealthier, had better leaders, a powerful navy. Her
main strength was its wealth and resources from her commerce. On the contrary, Rome was better organized, had a better army and a "body of loyal
citizens" (Morey, 1901). Her main strength was her well organized political system and its

Carthage And Rome: The Punic Wars
At some point, Carthage and Rome became almost equal by all ramifications. Below are the reasons to support this line of thought.
Introduction:When the Punic Wars started in 264 BCE, Rome and Carthage were the pioneer cities in terms of wealth and militarily in the western
Mediterranean. Rome was a land of power which built her strength on the activities of the mighty legions after having assimilated the other Italian
city–states under her control. Carthage was a maritime power, expanding power through trade and commerce.
Founded in ca 750 BCE, Carthage started as a Phoenician colony. Its eventual expansion and prosperity made Carthage a significant power, although
this strength rested on the skill of the Carthaginian fleets. Carthage depended on mercenaries, a decision that would contribute to the city's destruction
during the Punic Wars. But still, this status made them an equal to the Romans.
By the third ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Carthage, unlike Rome, was ruled by an oligarchy of powerful families, the most prominent at the time of the Punic Wars being the Barcas. The
Republic, however, drew strength from the strong emphasis on family as well as the ideals of Stoicism that stressed duty, honor, and order.
Without a naval fleet to protect its shipping until the First Punic War began, Rome was a land power, her legions beyond compare. Aptly demonstrated
with the destruction of Etruria and the subjugation of the Latin city–states, the legion was manned by citizen–soldiers. Until the later civil wars and the
creation of personal armies begun by Consul Marius, Roman commanders were expected to follow the tradition of Cincinnatus, an early Republican
general whose duty to the Republic came before personal

First Punic War
Introduction
Roman republic ascension to hegemony in Mediterranean sea, was basically as a result of war between Carthage and Rome, this was the first Punic
war. This war can be likened to Peloponnesian war between Greeks and Athens which was due to rivalry between the two cities. The rivalry between
Rome and Carthage had saw the two great cities, fortified with securities and rosy community get destroyed and many souls were lost as the after
march of war. The first Punic war saw Rome became a strong naval power which was used in the combat against Carthaginians. Civilization and
expansion of her kingdom was one area, where Carthage almost equal the Rome achievement. The Carthaginians were as successful as Romans as well
captured a lot of neighboring ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As a matter of fact Rome had a more organized political system.
The battle at Sicily came up as result of rubbers who call on Rome to help deliver them from the hands Syracuse. Rome responded to their call for
help, which was not willingly done, but due to rivalry between Rome and Carthage, the Roman would not have answered but for the fact that they
never wanted Carthage to expand her empire on the island at Sicily, the responded. This response in turn resulted to the first Bunic war.
The Roman at the first Punic war uncovered that for them to win Carthage, they must triumph over Carthage both on land and in sea. They made
adequate preparation to get more worships because, they do not have enough to face the Carthage. For the popular saying, when adequate preparation
met with opportunity, then it is called success.
In conclusion, long time rivalry and hatred between Rome and Carthage had caused a lot of destruction, where many souls are lost. while in my
opinion war has never produced any positive result

How Did Rome Argue The First Punic War?
This war was costly to both sides but Carthage suffered more seriously owing to the corruption and incompetence of her government (which embezzled
funds which should have gone to the military and consistently refused to send much needed supplies and reinforcements to generals in the field), the
mostly mercenary army (who often simply refused to fight), and an over–reliance on the brilliance of Hamilcar Barca. Further, however, they seriously
underestimated their enemy. While Carthage would largely ignore the war, leaving the fighting to Hamilcar and his mercenaries, Rome would be
building and equipping more ships and training more men. Even though Rome had never had a navy before the First Punic War, they emerged in 241
BCE as masters of the

Comparison Of Carthage And Rome: The Punic Wars
Carthage and Rome: An Epic Rivalry
Rome and Carthage battled numerous times in their efforts to be the dominant power in the Western Mediterranean. These wars are referred to as the
Punic Wars. Breaking down the events and results of each of these wars, we are able to discern how Carthage became almost equal to Rome in power.
To begin discussion of the rivalry between Rome and Carthage, it is important to look at strengths of both. Carthage had built itself into a superior
naval power, whereas the Romans were essentially limited to waging land–based warfare exclusively. This would prove to be a major advantage for
Carthage in the early years of their conflicts with Rome. However, it was not to last. The Romans took control of a Carthaginian warship which
had run aground and copied many of its features. They also added a device known as a "raven" which was a bridge with a piercing spike capable of
being dropped onto the deck of an enemy ship. Romans would then board the enemy vessel and subdue its crew. This gave the Romans a huge
advantage at sea, as boarding another vessel had previously been quite treacherous (The Punic Wars, n.d.).... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Carthage was thusly pushed back to Spain, although their power was still great at that time. The Carthaginians continued to enjoy control of a vast area
and benefitted from all of the trade taking place within it. Wishing to press the enemy and gain more territory and power, the Romans pushed on
against Carthage, resulting in the Second Punic War (218–201 BC). On the second attempt, Rome would find much more success than she had
experienced during the First Punic

Comparison Of Punic Wars Between Carthage And Rome
Punic wars were three different wars between Carthage and Rome. When they wars began, Rome almost got completely control of Italy, Carthage
controlled North West, islands and the commerce of the West Mediterranean. When the wars ended, Carthage was ruined and Rome was the greatest
power in the West of China. The first war was when Rome was fighting breakCarthage's power that hold on the chain of the islands that prevent them
from being controlled by the West Mediterranean. The second war was when the Carthaginian general Hannibal invaded Italy and the initial area of the
conflict was Sicily. Education was very important in Ancient Rome. The rich people in Rome would put a lot of faith in education. Poor people in the
contrary didn't receive

The Punic Wars
The Punic Wars were made of three major wars. The last war was kind of a punishment for Carthage from Rome. The two powers in these wars were
Rome and Carthage. Rome was controlling the main peninsula of Italy while Carthage was controlling the islands and trade of the Mediterranean.
Rome and Carthage were once on a friendly term until things went south well. The Punic Wars have major historical content that involve both leaders
on opposite side as well as the battles among the two city–states. These wars were about two powerful city states trying to see who is more dominant.
These wars were like the US and Russia trying to show imperial power and show who is the bigger person in town.
1The first Punic Warwas from 264–241 BC. In 264 BC, Rome intervened in a dispute on the western coast on the island of Sicily which at that time
was a Carthage province. The intervention was about an attack by soldiers from Syracuse against Messina. Carthage supported Syracuse and Rome
supported Messina. The control of Sicily was at stake when both Carthage and Rome went into direct conflict. Before the war started, Rome had been
rebuilding its entire fleet in order to confront Carthage powerful navy. Rome won its first naval victory at Mylae in 260 BC. At the end of the first
Punic War, the Roman fleet indecisive won against the Carthaginians at sea which ended the Carthaginians legendary naval superiority. Sicily became
Rome's first overseas province.
After its victorious win, Rome took

Rome And Carthage In The Second Punic War
Introduction
The first things we can look at about Rome and Carthage is Rome's citizens and Carthage's wealth. We can draw conclusions from these and begin to
compare both. One of the prominent things about Rome was its "hand–to–hand combat" skills of its soldiers. Rome was not originally a navy, but had
to become a naval power to take on Carthage. Before Rome ever faced Hannibal in the second Punic war (B.C.218–201) it faced Carthage in the first
Punic war (B.C. 264–241) and had fewer losses than it did in the Second Punic war. We can examine what Carthage's advantages were, and what
Rome's disadvantages were (Morey, 1901).
I
Rome had to build a navy to be equal to Carthage in the First Punic war (B.C. 264–241). There was an event that Carthage was using the sea to make
its business with other cities. Rome was not a naval power like Carthage. Rome did not have that access to the sea that would guarantee supremacy.
That's why the Romans decided not to surrender to the circumstances so they could pursue Carthage and make an impact on its sea business ventures.
Carthage was the world's first naval power, according to (Morey,1901) and Rome was its rival. Rome... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Rome was good at making comebacks. Carthage was good at staying in the lead. They both were respected by other cities. They could both use the
cities to their advantage. Why would they not want to face off as they were threatening to one another? I believe it was Rome who was threatened by
Carthage especially. (Morey,1901) Declares that "Rome was alarmed as she saw Carthage's territory extending north, Rome's rival". Most importantly,
it was the conquests of the Carthaginians that made Rome stay on track and keep pace with them. They wanted what Carthage was doing. Carthage
was conquering. Carthage was becoming greater. Rome decided to pursue their victories over Carthage the only way it could in the First Punic wars
(B.C.

First Punic War Research Paper

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First Punic War Research Paper