Yellow fever is a viral disease transmitted by mosquitoes that is common in tropical areas of Africa and South America. It causes symptoms like fever, chills, nausea and can sometimes lead to severe disease or death. The virus that causes yellow fever is estimated to result in 200,000 cases and 30,000 deaths worldwide each year, with most occurring in Africa. Diagnosis involves considering a patient's travel history and symptoms, and treatment focuses on relieving symptoms and maintaining organ function.

1. YELLOW FEVER

3. GLOBAL INCIDENCE
• THERE IS NO RISK OF YELLOW FEVER IN INDIA. THE
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA REQUIRES PROOF OF YELLOW
FEVER VACCINATION ONLY IF YOU ARE ARRIVING FROM
A COUNTRY WITH RISK OF YELLOW FEVER.
• YELLOW FEVER IS COMMON IN TROPICAL AND
SUBTROPICAL AREAS OF SOUTH AMERICA AND AFRICA.
• WORLDWIDE, ABOUT 600 MILLION PEOPLE LIVE IN
ENDEMIC AREAS.
• THE WHO ESTIMATES 200,000 CASES OF DISEASE AND
30,000 DEATHS
• A YEAR OCCUR; THE NUMBER OF OFFICIALLY REPORTED
CASES IS FAR LOWER.

4. • YELLOW FEVER VIRUS IS ESTIMATED TO CAUSE 200,000 CASES OF
DISEASE AND 30,000 DEATHS EACH YEAR, WITH 90% OCCURRING IN
AFRICA. 20% TO 50% OF INFECTED PERSONS WHO DEVELOP
SEVERE DISEASE DIE.
• 1900 THE REED YELLOW FEVER COMMISSION PROVED THAT
YELLOW FEVER INFECTION IS TRANSMITTED TO HUMANS BY THE
AEDES AEGYPTI MOSQUITO.
• 1905 THE LAST OUTBREAK IN THE UNITED STATES OCCURRED IN
NEW ORLEANS.

7. YELLOW FEVER
YELLOW FEVER IS A VIRAL DISEASE OF TYPICALLY SHORT
DURATION.
IN MOST CASES SYMPTOMS INCLUDE FEVER, CHILLS,
NAUSEA.

8. DEFINITION
YELLOW FEVER IS AN ACUTE SYSTEMIC ILLNESS CAUSED BY
FLAVIVIRUS. IT IS A ZOONOTIC DISEASE MAINLY EFFECTING
THE MONKEYS AND OTHER VERTEBRATES.
OR
A TOPICAL DISEASE THAT IS PASSED FROM MONKEYS TO
HUMAN AND THAT MAKES THE SKIN TURN YELLOW AND
OFTEN CAUSES DEATH.

11. CAUSES
• YELLOW FEVER IS CAUSED BY FLAVIVIRUS
• TO HUMANS FROM MONKEYS OR OTHER INFECTED HUMANS.
• IT CANNOT SPREAD FROM PERSON TO PERSON.
• INCREASED CONTACT BETWEEN HUMAN BEINGS AND
INFECTED MOSQUITOES.
• IN AREA WHERE PEOPLE HAVE NOT BEEN VACCINATED FOR
YELLOW FEVER ,CAN CAUSE SMALL SCALE EPIDEMIC.

16. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

19. SIGN & SYMPTOMS
• THE SYMPTOMS OF YELLOW FEVER OCCUR IN 3-4 DAYS AFTER EXPOSURE . THE EARLY SIGNS OF
INFECTION ARE SAME AS THOSE OF THE INFLUENZA:-
 HEADACHE
 MUSCLE AND JOINT ACHE
 FEVER
 VOMITING
 BACK PAIN
 BODY ACHE

21. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
TO DIAGNOSE THE YELLOW FEVER ASSES THE PATIENTS:-
 HIS DATES AND PLACES OF TRAVEL
 EPIDEMIOLOGICAL HISTORY OF VISITED PLACES
 IMMUNIZATION
 PHYSICAL FINDINGS THAT REVEAL THE PULSE RATE, FACIAL FLUSHING
 BLOOD TEST

23. MANAGEMENT
PHARMACOLOGICAL
 PROVIDING IV FLUIDS AND OXYGEN
 MAINTAIN BP
 BLOOD TRANSFUSION
 DIALYSIS FOR KIDNEY FAILIURE
 TREATING ANY OTHER INFECTION
NON PHARMACOLOGICAL
 ADVICE PATIENT TO HAVE PLENTY OF WATER
 ADVICE THE PATIENT AND FAMILY TO CLEAN THEIR
SURROUNDINGS

27. NURSING MANAGEMENT
NURSING DIAGNOSIS
1.IMPAIRED THERMOREGULATORY PATTERN RELATED TO DISEASE CONDITION AS EVIDENCED BY
MONITORING VITAL SIGNS .
2.ACUTE PAIN RELATED TO MUSCLE SPASM AS EVIDENCED BY PATIENT FACIAL EXPRESSIONS
3.FLUID VOLUME DEFICIT RELATED TO EXCESSIVE VOMITING AS EVIDENCED BY INPUT OUTPUT CHART.
4.FATIGUE RELATED TO LETHARGY AS EVIDENCED BY OBSERVING THE PATIENT.
5.DISTURBED SLEEPING PATTERN RELATED TO BODY PAIN AS EVIDENCED BY OBSERVING THE PATIENT.

28. IMPAIRED THERMOREGULATORY PATTERN RELATED TO
DISEASE CONDITION AS EVIDENCED BY MONITORING VITAL
SIGNS.
GOAL:-TO MAINTAIN THE THERMOREGULATORY PATTERN.
INTERVENTION
(A)TO PROVIDE COMFORTABLE POSITION TO THE PATIENT I.E. SUPINE
POSITION ,TO PROVIDE COMFORTABLE POSITION TO THE PATIENT.
(B)TO MONITOR THE VITAL SIGNS OF THE PATIENT ,TO GET THE BASE LINE
DATA.
(C)TO PROVIDE ANTIPYRETICS TO THE PATIENTAS PRESCRIBED BY THE
DOCTOR ,TO REDUCE THE TEMPERATURE I.E.PARACETAMOL 500MG.

29. ACUTE PAIN RELATED TO MUSCLE SPASM AS
EVIDENCED BY PATIENT FACIAL EXPRESSIONS.
GOAL:-TO RELIEVE THE PAIN OF THE PATIENT.
INTERVENTIONS
(A)TO PROVIDE COMFORTABLE POSITION TO THE PATIENT I.E. SUPINE,
TO PROVIDE COMFORT TO THE PATIENT.
(B)TO PROVIDE DIVERSIONAL THERAPY TO THE PATIENT I.E. SOFT
MUSIC, TO DIVERT THE MIND OF THE PATIENT.
(C)TO PROVIDE ANALGESICS TO THE PATIENT AS PRESCRIBED BY
DOCTOR I.E. DICLOFENAC, TO RELIEVE THE PAIN OF THE PATIENT.

30. FLUID VOLUME DEFICIT RELATED TO EXCESSIVE VOMITING
AS EVIDENCED BY MONITORING INPUT OUTPUT CHART.
GOAL:-TO MAINTAIN THE FLUID VOLUME LEVEL OF THE PATIENT.
INTERVENTION
(A)ASSESS THE INPUT OUTPUT CHART, TO GET THE BASELINE DATA.
(B)EDUCATE THE PATIENT TO TAKE PLENTY OF FLUIDS , TO MAINTAIN THE
FLUID VOLUME TO SOME EXTENT.
(C)TO ADMINISTER IV FLUIDS TO THE PATIENT I.E. RL,NS ,TO MAINTAIN THE
FLUID VOLUME LEVEL.

31. HOME REMEDIES
• THERE IS NO SPECIFIC TREATMENT FOR YELLOW FEVER.
• WE CAN GIVE PLENTY OF WATER TO PATIENT TO AVOID DEHYDRATION.
PREVENTION
• VACCINATION HELPS TO PREVENT YELLOW FEVER.
• USING INSECT REPELLENT.( A SUBSTANCE THAT DETERS INSECTS OR OTHER PESTS FROM
APPROACHING OR SETTLING.)
• WEARING FULL CLOTHES TO REDUCE MOSQUITO BITES.
• STAY INSIDE DURING PEAK BITING TIME.

32. COMPLICATIONS
 HIGH FEVER
 PAIN IN UPPER PART OF THE ABDOMEN
 VOMITING
 BLEEDING
 JAUNDICE
 KIDNEY FAILURE
 LIVER FAILURE
 DEATH

33. HEALTH EDUCATION
(A) HYGIENE: I ADVISED THE PATIENT TO MAINTAIN HIS PERSONALAND
ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE.
(B) DIET : WE CAN ADVICE THE PATIENT TO TAKE FLUID RICH AND
BALANCED DIET.
(C) MEDICATION: WE CAN ADVICE THE PATIENT TO TAKE MEDICINES ON
GIVEN TIME.
(D) FOLLOW UP: WE CAN ADVICE THE PATIENT TO GO FOR FOLLOW UP ON
GIVEN DATE AND TIME.

34. SUMMARIZATION
YELLOW FEVER IS AN ACUTE SYSTEMIC ILLNESS CAUSED BY FLAVIVIRUS.
IT IS A ZOONOTIC DISEASE MAINLY AFFECTING THE MONKEYS AND
VERTEBRATES.
IT CAN BE TRANSMITTED TO HUMANS BY CULICINE MOSQUITO .
THE SPECTRUM OF ILLNESS MAY RANGE FROM ASYMPTOMATIC ILLNESS
TO ACUTE ONSET
OF VIRAL HEPATITIS AND FEVER.

35. RECAPTULISATION
1.WHAT IS YELLOW FEVER?
2.WHAT IS THE CAUSATIVE AGENT OF YELLOW FEVER?
3.WHAT ARE THE AREAS THAT ARE MOSTLY AFFECTED BY THE
YELLOW FEVER?
4.WHAT ARE THE COMPLICATIONS OF YELLOW FEVER?
5.HOW CAN WE DIAGNOSE THE YELLOW FEVER?
6.HOW CAN WE CURE YELLOW FEVER?