The document discusses two subphyla of arthropods: Miriapoda and Chelicerata. Miriapoda includes centipedes and millipedes, which have a head and trunk, antennae, mandibles, maxillae, tracheal respiration, a dorsal heart, Malpighian tubule excretion, and separate sexes. Centipedes are carnivorous while millipedes are herbivorous. Scolopendra morsitans is described as a common poisonous centipede in Egypt with 22 body segments and poisonous claws. Chelicerata includes arachnids, scorpions, spiders and ticks which have a prosoma and opisthosoma, a

8. Subphylum: Miriapoda
General characters:
 Mainly terrestrial, some aquatic
Body: head and trunk
 distinct head with:
1. Simple eyes 2. 2 Antennae
3. 2 Mandibles 4. 1: 2 pairs of maxillae
 Carnivorous (e.g. Scolopendra) or
Herbivorous (e.g. Julus)
 Respiration by: trachea
 Dorsal heart with ostia
 Excretion by : Malpighian tubules
 Nervous system: dorsal brain and ventral nerve cord
 Separate sexes
 Direct development

11. Comparison face Chilopoda Diplopoda
Genital pore AnteriorPosterior
Below the gutAbove the gutGonads
Body Head + Trunk Head + Thorax +
Abdomen
Dorso-ventrallyFlatness Cylindrical
Feeding Carnivorous Herbivorous
Poisonous Jaws Present Absent
Development Epimorphic Anamorphic

12. Scolopendra morsitans
• Habitat and Habit:
1. Common in Egypt
2. Nocturnal
3. painful poisonous bite but not fatal to man
• External features:
1. Dark greenish brown color
2. 7: 30 cm in length
3. Head: 6 fused segments, 2 groups of 4 ocelli
• The mouth parts:
1. One labrum
2. Mandibles belong to segment 4
3. Maxillule belong to segment5
4. Maxilla belong to segment 6
5. The Maxillipeds (poisonous claws)belong to the first
trunk segment

14. • The trunk:
1. Dorso-ventrally compressed
2. 22 alike segments
3. Each segment from 2- 22 carries a pair of walking legs
4. Each leg ends in a terminal claw and consists of 7 joints:
i. coxa
ii. trochanter
iii. femur
iv. tibia
v. 3 tarsi
• The Digestive system:
1. Simple long tube
2. Three main regions: very long stomodaeum, short
mesentron and short proctodaeum
3. The stomodaeum: buccal cavity, pharynx, oesophagus,
crop and gizzard
4. Anus opens on the last segment

15. • Excretory System:
•Two long delicate convoluted Malpighian tubules
• Respiratory System:
• fine trachea
• 9 pairs of stigmata on the pleura of segments No. 4, 6, 9,
11, 13, 15, 17, 19 and 21
• Circulatory System:
• Open type
• Heart + anterior aorta+ several arteries
• Nervous System:
•Two cerebral ganglia: to eyes and antennae
• Suboesophageal ganglia: to mouth parts and the rest of
head segments
• Double nerve cord: carries 21 ganglia to each body
segment

17. Subphylum: Chelicerata
General characters:
Body: Prosoma (6) and Opisthosoma (12)
A pair of chelicerae on the 1st prosomal
segment
 One pair of pedipalps + 4 pairsof walking
legs
 Three classes:
1.Arachnida
2. Merostomata
3. Pycnogonida

19. Class: Arachnida
General characters:
Includes: scorpions, spiders, ticks and mites
All are terresterial
 No antennae or true jaws
 Head is not distinct
 The body: prosoma (6) + opisthosoma
 Respiration by:
1. lung books or tracheae in terresterial forms
2. through skin in parasitic forms
3. gill books in aquatic forms
 Excretion by Malpighian tubules or coxal glands
 Open Circulatory system
 Separate sexes. Viviparous or Oviparous
 Mostly carnivorous but some are ectoparasites

22. Anatomy of spider