The document provides information on various aspects of culture in Ilocos Region, Philippines. It discusses famous people from the region like presidents Elpidio Quirino and Fidel Ramos. It also describes local delicacies like pinakbet and tourist spots in Vigan that have been nominated as a UNESCO World Heritage site. The livelihood, minerals, music, dances, festivals, visual arts, literature, architecture, and customs of the Ilocano people are outlined as well. Significant works mentioned include the epic poem Biag Ni Lam-Ang and paintings by Juan Luna.

1. CONTEMPORARY ART FROM
THE REGIONS
ILOCOS REGION

2. FAMOUS PEOPLE
• Elpidio Quirino-
• Ferdinand Edralin Marcos, Sr.-
• Fidel V. Ramos-
• Ferdinand Romualdez Marcos, Jr.-Current Philippine President,

3. FOOD AND DELICACIES
• Pinakbet-
Pinakbet-is a popular food in Ilocos

4. TOURISTS SPOTS
• Given its historical value, the quality of his
factory, his urban scale and the conservation of its
monuments (one of the few places not affected by
war), Vigan has also been nominated as
a UNESCO World Heritage site. Despite being
significantly marketed for tourism, is quite an
experience traveling to the sleepy little streets
that seem to be frozen in time, whose cobbled
stone pavement resound to the clatter of horses'
hooves.

5. LIVELIHOOD OF ILOCANOS IN ILOCOS
THE PHILIPPINES MAKING OF BURNAY.
• The people of Vigan also exert great effort to
preserve the tradition of making “burnay”. Burnay is
unglazed earthen jars, an industry that dates back to
pre-colonial times when immigrants from China came
and settled in Vigan. Burnay jars have small openings,
and its earlier use were for tea drinking, storage for
water, rice grains and as container for salt, brown
sugar, local wine (basi) and bagoong (fermented fish).

6. MINERALS
• It is also rich in mineral resources
such as
• Limestone
• Copper
• Gold
• Chromite
• Iron
• Manganese
• silica

7. MUSIC AND ARTS
The Ilocanos have a handful of meaningful ethnic songs. These
songs narrate life stories of the native Ilocanos, which are mostly
about courtship, marriage, occupation and life.
Pamulinawen (Hardened Heart)—this is the most
popular Ilocano love song, which portrays a girl
who does not heed the pleading of her lover. It
compares the heart of a girl to a hardened flint.

8. ANOTHER FOLKSONG OF REGION
I
• Osi-osi—this ethnic song portrays the traditional ways of
courtship.
• Ayat ti Ina (Love of a Mother)—is a song that expresses
how a mother loves and takes care of her child.
• Duayya ni Ayat (Love’s Lullaby)—is a song that expresses a
man’s love for his lady. The man asks the lady to be
careful in changing her mind and choosing another man.
• Dinak Kad Dildilawen (Do Not Criticize Me)—is an Ilocano
song that expresses patriotism. This song conveys service
to love of country.
• Other popular ethnic songs are Agdamili (Pot Making),
which is an occupational song; andKanaganan, which is a

9. NATIVE ILOCANO DANCES
The Ilocano ethnic dances are mostly
performed during rituals and celebrations.
• Manang Biday—it is a courtship dance usually
performed by young people.
• Manang Biday is an ethnic song in Ilocos. This
song implies the courtship of a young maiden
named in Manang Biday

10. OASIWAS DANCE
-A dance in which an oil lamp is balanced on the dancer's
head as he swings around lighted lamps wrapped in porous
cloth or fishnet. The name of the dance comes from
the Pangasinense word for swinging.
-The dance is performed by fishermen of Lingayen when
celebrating a good catch. It is accompanied by waltz-like

11. KURATSA PASUQUIÑA
• it is a dance during birthday parties and
festivities.
• The Kuratsa is a Filipino traditional Dance of
Courtship where the male approaches and
courts a lady in a form of a dance. It depicts

12. ILOCANA A NASUDI (CHASTE
ILOCANO)
• it is a dance that portrays a chaste and
virtuous Ilocana. This dance may be
performed by four pairs.

13. RABONG (BAMBOO SHOOT)
• it is a dance glorifying the bamboo shoot as a delicacy
of the Ilocanos. In Rabong, the participants sing the
lyrics themselves.
• Vintareña—it is a dance performed by one or two couples
in social gatherings like baptismal, wedding, birthday, or
thanksgiving parties.
• Surtido Norte (Assorted Dances from the North)—this
dance is a combination of different Ilocano dance steps

14. FESTIVALS IN ILOCOS REGION
• Pamulinawen festival- Laoag City February 10 Our Lady
of Peace Pamulinawen is the name of a woman made
popular in the classic Ilocano song titled... Pamulinawen.
• Pamulinawen is a Filipino folk song (in the Ilocano
language) that tells about courting a girl with a heart of
stone. Pamulinawen is her name.

15. PINAKBET FESTIVAL
• Sta. Maria, Ilocos Sur, April 23. it features
street dances and cooking competitions and
honours the Sta. Maria’s farmers’ industry and
their housewives’ cooking skills. Pinakbet
came from the contracted Ilokano word
'pinakebbet' which means "shrunk" or
"shriveled."

16. BANGUS FESTIVAL
The Bangus Festival is the brainchild of former
Dagupan mayor Benjamin Lim, seeking to promote the
city as the Bangus (milkfish) Capital of the World. 2003
saw the festival featured in the Guiness Book of World
Records when it secured the record for Longest
Barbeque in the World (later taken by the town of
Bayambang, Pangasinan in 2014).

17. OTHER FESTIVALS
BAC-BACARRA FESTIVAL • • • • Bacarra, Ilocos Norte
Farmers Festival, November 30. The legendary word
“bac-bacarra” is a specie of freshwater fish abundant in
the river during the 15th century which gave birth to
the town’s name .
GULING-GULING FESTIVAL • • • • Paoay, Ilocos Norte
Guling-Guling Martes May aims to commemorate the
16th century old practice of the Spanish friars for the
religious sector to interact with its parishioners. It has
always been celebrated on the Tuesday before Ash
Wednesday
• EMPANADA FESTIVAL • Batac, Ilocos Norte • December
8 - 30 • BATAC EMPANADA is made of savory filling of
grated green papaya, mongo, longganisa and egg. The

18. • Sigay Festival • January 15 to
February 2 • Binmaley, Pangasinan • It
serves as the main highlight of the
fiesta celebration of Binmaley town,
the “Seafood Capital of the North.” •
Sigay is a Pangasinan dialect word
which means to harvest.

19. VISUAL ARTS
• Visual Arts" is a modern but imprecise umbrella term for a
broad category of art which includes a number of artistic
disciplines from various sub-categories. Ilocano Heroes - Juan
Luna, The Great Filipino Painter.
-
• Juan Luna was a patriot, but he was more known as the great
Filipino painter if not the greatest. He was born on October 23,
1857 in Badoc, Ilocos Norte.

20. • While pursuing this course he took painting lessons at
the Academia de Dibujo y Pintura of Fr. Agustin Saiz.
• -Later in 1877 he left for Barcelona for advanced painting lessons
as he was encouraged by Don Lorenzo Guerrero, his first painting
tutor.
• in Rome, Luna worked on the Spoliarium. It was said that the
scene in this painting was based on the situation of the Filipinos
under the Spanish government. He entered it at the National
Exposition of Fine Arts in 1884 where he won one of the three gold
medals. Because of his growing fame, he received several
government commissions. With these commissions that he
produced his many great canvases like the Peuple et Rois, Espa

21. • While in Manila, he finished some Philippine scenes. Early in
1896, he again departed, this time for Japan. He returned a
few weeks after the Cry of Balintawak. On the evening of
September 16, 1896, he was arrested and confined for
complicity in the Katipunan revolt and imprisoned at Fort
Santiago.
• Juan Luna - an Ilocano pride. His genius in painting showed
the Ilocano artistry and his love of the country.
"Parisian Life", also know as "Interim d'un Café" was painted in 1892. It
won a silver medal at the St. Louis Exposition (World Fair) held in 1904.

22. • In Rome, Luna was exposed to the immortal works of
the Renaissance. In here he painted his "Daphne e Cleo" where he
received a silver palette from the Liceo Artistico de Manila. He
exhibited several works at the National Exposition of Fine Arts in
1881 where he received silver medal with "The Death of Cleopatra.

23. -LITERATURE OF ILOCOS
REGION-
BIAG NI LAM-ANG
(LIFE OF LAM-ANG)
• This is an epic poem from Ilokano people from ilocos region.It is
believed that it was recited and written iloko originally thru the
priceless efforts of various poets, and believed that it was passed on
through the generations. It was transcribed around 1640 by blind
ilokano bard named Pedro Bucaceng(1592 –1640). Mr. Bucaceng
inspite of he’s blindness was considered as the “Father of Ilokano
Literature”.
• “The moral lesson on the story of Biag Ni Lam Ang is that you must
persevere through the trials of life. Strength and bravery are major
theme throughout the story and play into the moral lesson.

24. • Pedro Bukaneg (March 1592 – c. 1630) was
a Filipino poet. Blind since birth, he is the
acknowledged author of the Ilocano epic Biag ni
Lam-ang (Life of Lam-ang). He is considered the
"Father of Ilocano literature." A street inside
the Cultural Center of the Philippines (CCP)
complex in Pasay City, Philippines is named in
his honor. His surname is lent to
the Bukanegan, the Ilocano equivalent of

25. Isabelo de los Reyes y Florentino, also known as Don Belong (July 7,
1864 – October 10, 1938), was a prominent Filipino politician, writer and
labor activist in the 19th and 20th centuries. He was the original founder
of the Aglipayan Church, an independent Philippine national church. For
his writings and activism with labor unions, he was called the "Father of
Filipino Socialism".
• Ang Singsing nang Dalagang Marmol ("The Ring of the Marble
Maiden"), contemporarily rendered as Ang Singsing ng
Dalagang Marmol in the Tagalog language, is a historical
novel written by Filipino novelist, scholar, and labor
leader Isabelo Florentino de los Reyes (also known as Isabelo

26. Carlos Bulosan was born to Ilocano parents in the Philippines
in Binalonan, Pangasinan
• (November 24, 1913[1] – September 11, 1956) was
an English-language Filipino novelist and poet who spent
most of his life in the United States. His best-known work
today is the semi-autobiographical America Is in the Heart,
but he first gained fame for his 1943 essay on The Freedom
from Want.

27. • Leona Florentino (born Leona Josefa
Florentina,[1] 19 April 1849 - 4 October 1884) was a
Filipino poet in the Spanish and Ilocano languages.
She is considered as the "mother of Philippine
women's literature" and the "bridge from oral to
literary tradition".[2]

28. ARCHITECTURE, DESIGN AND
ALLIED ARTS–
• COLONIAL ARCHITECTURE IN THE PHILIPPINES ILOCOS
Some of the most notable examples of colonial architecture
in the Philippines are located in the provinces of Ilocos, Luzon,
north of the archipelago. It is a pleasure to visit Ilocos, because of
its idyllic scenery and its rich culture and history, expressed in
villages of clean and tidy streets that contrast with the chaotic
traffic jams in Manila.

29. • One of the most conspicuous examples of the so-called earthquake
baroque architecture in the Philippines, which is the Church of San
Agustin in Paoay (1704-1894), declared a World Heritage Site by
UNESCO .
• Built of coral blocks and stucco-plastered bricks, the
architecture is a unique combination of Gothic, Baroque
and Oriental. Construction of the church was started in
1704 and completed in 1894. A few meters away is the
coralstone belltower which served as observation post of
the “Katipuneros” during the Philippine Revolution,

30. • Bell Tower
• Adjacent to the facade is a three-storey coral bell
tower constructed separately from the church building on the
right side resembling a pagoda. It was in 1793 when the
cornerstone of the bell tower was laid. It stands at some
distance from the church as a protection against earthquake.
It served as observational post for Filipino
revolutionaries against the Spaniards in 1898 and by
Filipino guerrillas against Japanese soldiers during World War
II. According to historians, the bell tower also served as a
status symbol for the locals. It is said that the bell would ring
more loudly and more times during the wedding of a
prominent clan that it would during the wedding of the poor.

31. VIGAN
• The charming town of Vigan
in Ilocos Sur, is the best
preserved example of Spanish
colonial architecture in Asia.
Its streets laid out in a
gridiron pattern, according to
the Laws of the Indies,
housing a collection of well
preserved colonial buildings,
with white walls and
picturesque balconies
• Vigan was an important

32. • Vigan, an ancient port located on an island near the Abra River, was
born in 1574 as a strategic point of trade with China. The population,
Chinese and Filipino, also expressed their mixture in the architectural
styles, made of wood and sloping roofs, inspired by the bahay kubo, the
traditional Filipino house.
• Vigan is one of the most beautiful towns/cities in the Philippines. It is
also one of the richest in terms of historical and cultural heritage.

33. Meanwhile, the Spanish
preferred coral stone
architecture, called bahay na
bato, combined with elements
of wood, mostly in the balconies
balconies and shutters.
• Sometimes the first floor was
made of stone upon which a
wooden second floor was built.
built.

34. GAWAD SA MANLILIKHANG BAYAN
• Magdalena Gamayo, Abel Weaving – Pinili, Ilocos Norte,
2012
• Weaving since she was 16, Magdalena Gamayo or “Lola
Magdalena” is a master weaver who not only weaves
traditional Ilocano textile but also designs new patterns. One
of her designs employs a difficult weaving technique
called pinilian meaning partially. The weave produces a
unique pattern that resembles a string of flowers thus its
name, inubon a sabong. This aided in her nomination to the
GAMABA award in 2012.

35. LAST SUPPER SCULPTURES CARVING ON
WALL, VIGAN, ILOCOS SUR, PHILIPPINES
• The Last Supper is the final meal that, in the
Gospel accounts,Jesus shared with
his Apostles in Jerusalem before his crucifixion. The
Last Supper is commemorated by Christians especially
on Maundy Thursday. The Last Supper provides the
scriptural basis for the Eucharist, also known as "Holy
Communion" or "The Lord's Supper".

36. CUSTOMS, TRADITION AND
CULTURE