Exploring the Future Potential of AI-Enabled Smartphone Processors
Space stations
1. SPACE RESEARCH IN SPAIN
BY: Paz Cantalapiedra, Marta Orgaz and Olga Estévez
SPACE RESEARCH IN
SPAIN
By: Paz Cantalapiedra, Marta Orgaz
and Olga Estévez
3. HELIOS, PAZ AND MUSIS
• HELIOS:
Is the name of a multinational program (led by France)
military satellite remote sensing.
It has 2 generations of total 4 satellites.
• PAZ:
Is the artificial satellite radar of the national program on
Earth observation satellite, 2 created by the Ministries
of Defence and Industry, Trade and Tourism of the
kingdom of Spain.
4. Besides France they are also involved Spain , Italy
and Belgium.
• MUSIS:
Is a program of reconnaissance satellites where
France ,Germany ,Belgium ,Spain ,Greece and
Italy are involved .
It is anticipated that these countries have from
2015 a constellation of satellites to replace the
existing ones : HELIOS, COSMO-SHYMED ,SARLupe
5. SPACE ORGANISATIONS IN SPAIN
• INTA:
Is the span´s Space Agency (1942) an has its
headquarters in Torrejón de Ardoz near
Madrid. Its 2 main areas of activity are
research and development and certification
and testing.
6. EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY
• ESA:
• Is an intergovermmental organization dedicated
to the exploration of space ,with 20 member
states (1975) has its headquarters in Paris.
• ESA´s space flight programme includes
spaceflight, the launch and operations of
unmanned exploration missions to other planets
and the Moon ,Earth observation .
• Spain is one of the ESA science missions and also
many countries.
7. SPACE STATION
• The main activities of a space station are:
providing intensive supporting activity in great
international missions by performing tracking,
telemetry, calibration and control operations
and working efficiently with data.
8. MASPALOMA STATION
Also called Canary’s space centre. It is located in the INTA (National Institute for
Aerospace Technique), at Montaña Blanca in the south of Gran Canaria.
It was constructed as a NASA satellite tracking station in 1960 when the Spanish and
US government made an agreement. So it was one of the 14 NASA Mercury
stations distributed all around the world, which took part in the Gemini program
when the Mercury one came to an end.
The station became operative the 13th September 1961 to support the mission MA-4,
an unnamed capsule which orbited around the world.
During the 1960s the station had to be closed and rebuilt several km apart from the
original one because of the great amount of tourist coming to the Canary Island.
When the station finished it collaboration with one of the programs, the NASA decided
to deactivate it and transfer it to the institute.
• FACILITIES AND TECHNOLOGY:
The main facility is the 15 meters dish antenna which characterizes this station,
although there are also antennas of 10, 9.3, 5, 4.88 and 2.4 meters. It is responsible
for the reception and retransmission of alert messages from the COPAS-SARSAT
mission within its geographical area. It has also taken part in the Apollo missions.
9. ROBLEDO DE CHAVELA STATION
During January and February 1963 representatives of INTA and NASA were looking for
large areas in provinces of Seville, Málaga, Toledo, Ávila and Madrid to construct
the station. Finally on the 24th February 1964, one year later, the Spanish and the
US government singed a Memorandum to construct it 47 km west from Madrid. It
was operative on July 1965.
It became one of the NASA’s deep space network station. Although through the years
its responsibilities has been transferred to INTA and later on to INSA.
The main activities of the station have consisted on transmitting the first images from
Mars. Not to mention the collaboration with all the NASA projects to explore the
Solar System including the first voyage to the Moon or the “Gran Tour” through the
Solar System. Furthermore the station has contribute with project and missions of
lots of European Countries.
• FACILITIES AND TECHNOLOGY:
The station has a 64m diameter antenna enlarged to 70m, a 26 meters one enlarged to
34m, two of 34m and one of 26m.
10. CEBREROS STATION
• On the 11th October 1965 the Spanish and the US government
signed another treaty for the enlargement of the Robledo station
so the Cebreros and Fresnedillas station were built.
• The representatives of the station belonged to the NASA in its
origins, but in 1969 NASA began transferring the powers to the
INTA and by 1983 INTA had all the powers.
• The station was constructed in Ávila and it started operating on
the 27th December 1966.
• The station had a 26 m antenna, a duplicate of the Robledo’s
station one. Although they were 12km apart they both worked
together in the NASA programs of the exploration of the Solar
System.
• The station was deactivated in 1986.
11. FRESNEDILLAS STATION
• It is located in the municipalities of Fresnedillas de la Oliva and
Navalgamella in the province of Madrid.
• It was first constructed exclusively as a supporting station in the Apollo
program. It consisted with two identical stations located in Camberra,
Australia and Goldstone, California, USA as key elements of communication
with astronauts in lunar distances. Although with time the station worked
for other NASA programs.
• At the begining the INTA participated with the NASA on the station, but it
wasn’t until 1972 when the NASA transmitted all the powers to the INTA.
Together with the Robledo and Cerberos station INTA formed the Robledo
complex.
• The main facilities of the station were two antennas of 26 and 9 meters. The
26 meters antenna was moved to the Robledo station when the Fresnedillas
station was deactivated in 1985.
13. THERE ARE TWO SPANISH
ASTRONAUTS
• Pedro Duque :born March 14, 1983 in Madrid
• Miguel Lopéz : May 30, 1958 in Madrid
14. Pedro Duque
• Bachelor's Degree at the Technical University
of Madrid in 1986
• in 1992 was selected to be an astronaut
• first space mission may in 1998 on the STS-45
space Shuttle Discovery
• second mission was another trip which was
launched from a Soyuz TMA,
15. 2 missions
• STS-45 space Shuttle Discovery: which was the third
that was operating and the oldest and was used 34
times, a space shuttle is a spacecraft that is reusable
and also serves to place the satellite in orbit.
• Soyuz TMA, which are designed to carry astronauts
to the international station and also used as lifeguard
vote on this mission was the flight engineer and
visiting international station during 10 days to
complete the mission cervantes.
17. Miguel López
• was the first astronaut born in Spain, apart of
filters made space shuttle missions
• was graduated in engineering in 1980
• first mission was in 1995 with the STS-73
• participated in the program NEEMO EU
program to protect Earth asteroids
