The document discusses factors that impact the throughput (transfer rate) of mail migration to Office 365. It identifies several factors including network infrastructure like communication line bandwidth and load, geographic distance between on-premises and cloud locations, and network devices. It also discusses factors related to the on-premises Exchange infrastructure such as server performance, number of sites, and throttling policies. Finally, it covers Office 365 throttling policies and how the number of mail items in a mailbox can significantly impact migration time for smaller mailboxes. Optimizing these various factors can help improve mail migration throughput.