The document is an academic report presented by Nurti Rahayu that discusses the topic of reports. It begins with an outline that includes definitions of a report, the generic structure of reports, differences between reports and descriptions, and language features of reports. It then provides a sample report on the intestinal tract to demonstrate these concepts and analyzes the sample text's structure and language.

1. Universitas Indraprasta
Academic Writing
Information Report
Presented by :
Nurti Rahayu
www.unindra.ac.id Presented by Nurti and Viena

2. Universitas Indraprasta
Academic Writing
• What is report?
Our • The generic structure of report
• Language features
Outline • Report versus descriptive
• Sample composition
today • Text analysis
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3. Universitas Indraprasta
What is report?
• Report is used to store and organize factual
1. information.(Barwick, 1998:5)
• a text which presents information about something as
it is as a result of systematic observation and analysis.
2. (understandingtext.blogspot.com)
• To describe the way things are, with reference to a
range of natural, man-made and social phenomena in
3. our environment.(Kurikulum SMA 2004:47)
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The generic structure of report.
1. General Classification
tells what the phenomenon under discussion is.
2. Description
tells what the phenomenon under discussion is
like in terms of
(1) parts
(2) qualities
(3) habits or behaviour, if living; uses, if non-
natural.
(Kurikulum SMA 2004:47)
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Language features
1. Use of a formal, accurate and objective style to deal with
facts.
2. Use language economically.
3. Generally written in third person.
4. Use of noun groups to build up descriptions.
5. Use of general nouns rather than particular nouns.
6. Use of action verbs to describe behavior
7. Use of present tense
8. Use of technical and scientific language
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Language features
9. Use of paragraphs with the topic repeatedly named in the
next paragraph
10. Use of comparative adjectives; defining and classifying
adjectives
11. Use of factual and precise descriptive adjectives to give
details about appearance, function and components.
12. Various combinations of clauses
13. Use of preposition in phrases telling where, when and how
14. Use of time connectives
15. Limited use of personal pronoun
(Barwick, 1998:6)
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Report versus Descriptive
Report Description
Generic 1. General Classification 1. Identification
structure 2. Description 2. Description
The focus Focus on generic participant Focus on specific participant
The thing which is mentioned in Representative of the whole
Pronoun usage the text is clear about its name. group of the thing mentioned
The using of pronoun is quite It is not common to use pronoun.
Common
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Sample text
Intestinal tract
One of our organ inside our body is the intestinal tract. The intestinal
tract is a muscular tube that extends from the stomach to the anal
opening at the skin surface. The intestines are approximately six times the
length of the body. In the adult, this would average about 8.5 meters, or
33.5 feet.
The inner surface of the intestines has innumerable circular folds
that greatly increase the area absorption. Nutrients, water, vitamins, and
electrolytes are absorbed through this surface into the blood stream. A
rich supply of food vessels around the intestines transports the absorbed
materials to the cells of entire body. The walls of the intestines also have
circular muscles fibers that contract or enlarge the size of the tube, as well
as longitudinal and oblique muscles fibers that allow stretching and
turning of the tube.
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9. Universitas Indraprasta
Text Analysis
Generic Structure:
1. General Classification
One of the organs inside human’s body is the intestinal tract. The intestinal
tract is a muscular tube that extends from the stomach to the anal opening
at the skin surface. The intestines are approximately six times the length of
the body. In the adult, this would average about 8.5 meters, or 33.5 feet.
2. Description
The inner surface of the intestines has innumerable circular folds that
greatly increase the area absorption. Nutrients, water, vitamins, and
electrolytes are absorbed through this surface into the blood stream. A
rich supply of food vessels around the intestines transports the absorbed
materials to the cells of entire body. The walls of the intestines also have
circular muscles fibers that contract or enlarge the size of the tube, as
well as longitudinal and oblique muscles fibers that allow stretching and
turning of the tube.
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10. Universitas Indraprasta
Text analysis
Language features:
1. Use of a formal, accurate and objective style to deal with facts.
2. Use language economically.
3. Generally written in third person.
4. Use of noun groups to build up description: innumerable circular
folds, a rich supply, etc
5. Use of general nouns rather than particular nouns: tract, surface
6. Use of action verbs to describe behavior: increase, supply, absorb
7. Use of present tense: is, are, have, extend, etc
8. Use of technical and scientific language: anal opening, intestinal
, tract, blood vessels
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11. Universitas Indraprasta
Questions,
please !
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12. Universitas Indraprasta
Thanks for
your attention.
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