Indias Five Years Plan Nehru and Partition

1. India's Five Years Plan
Origin
Five year plans were first introduced in the erstwhile Soviet Union in 1928 for controlled and rapid
economic development. Much of the Soviet industrial successes are a result of the implementation
of its five year plans. In 1950, India's prime minister Jawaharlal Nehru, impressed by the Soviet
system, adopted five year plans as a model for economic development, and established the Planning
Commission which was to act independent of any cabinet and was answerable only to the Prime
Minister, who is also Chairperson of the commission. Draft plans were to be approved by the
National Development Council, comprising the Planning Commission and the Chief Ministers of all
states. An approved plan is then passed by the cabinet and then in...show more content...
But Nehru favors controls over private enterprise. "An army," he explained, "does not occupy a
country by placing a soldier in every nook and cranny: a gun mounted on a hill enables an army to
control surrounding areas effectively."
Overview of the Plans
The economy in India is based in part on planning through its five years plans developed, executed
and monitored by the Planning Commission. With the Prime Minister as the ex officio Chairman,
the commission has a nominated Deputy Chairman, who has rank of a Cabinet minister. Montek
Singh Ahluwalia is currently the Deputy Chairman of the Commission. The tenth plan completed its
term in March 2007 and the eleventh plan is currently underway.
In 1951, India's first Five Year Plan (1951–55) was unveiled. While the first plan placed greater
emphasis on agriculture, the second Five Year Plan (1956–60) sought to build up an industrial base
for the country, particularly in the public sector. However, the chief landmark in this period was
wide ranging and broad–based reforms in the village power structure by the abolition of the
Zamindari system and the creation of cooperatives among the rural poor to stimulate agricultural
growth. The Third Five Year Plan (1961–65) was interrupted by the 1962 war with China and the
1965 war with Pakistan, and it was evident that its targets would not be met. Its main basis was the
conviction that an increase in agricultural
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2. Nehru and Partition
History 383: Final Paper
Assess the role of Nehru in the Partition of India.
Introduction
August 1947, the British Empire in India came to an end and two new independent countries were
formed. Partition was a momentous event that was accompanied by widespread carnage and
bloodshed, and left behind a legacy of refugee and border issues. It is historically impossible and
inaccurate to identify a specific cause of Partition, instead it maybe understood that a series of
political and social events lead to the dissection of British India. This paper seeks to evaluate the
role of an important leader in the Partition of India–Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru. In order to do this it is
essential that we examine the relationship between Nehru, Gandhi and...show more content...
Jinnah: The Promoter of Hindu–Muslim Unity
A lawyer by profession, Jinnah began his political career as the private secretary of Dadabhai
Naoroji, one of the founders of the Indian National Congress. He was elected to the Imperial
Legislative Council in 1909, and immediately attached himself to Gokhale. Jinnah did not
immediately join the Muslim League until 1913 when pressurized to do so by co–religionists.
However as soon as he joined the League he "tried to bring its aims in line with the Congress
ideals". S.K.Majumdar writes in his book 'Jinnah and Gandhi'–"After he[Jinnah] joined the Muslim
League formally, the antagonism, if any, between the Congress and the League began to vanish."
The most important step taken was the Lucknow Pact of 1916. Both parties held their annual
meetings at Lucknow; at the session of the League Jinnah stressed the importance of acting "in
co–operation with the Hindus for the political upliftment of the country." Jinnah and other leaders of
the League also made it clear that separate electorates and other safeguards were only required to
"make up for the present backwardness" of the Muslims.
The Lucknow Pact was an important landmark in the process of Hindu–Muslim unity. It represented
an agreement at the national level between the two parties whereby they would share power in the
executive and the legislature.
A respected Congress leader and idol of young nationalists, Jinnah did not
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