Public speaking, defenition, distinctive features, speech structure.

1. PUBLIC SPEAKING
By: Noorjahan S N

2. Public speaking is the process and act of
speaking or giving a lecture to a group of people
in a structured, deliberate manner intended to
inform, influence, or entertain a listening
audience.
 Definition
-“Public speaking is the
process and act of speaking or
giving a lecture to a group of
people in a structured,
deliberate manner intended to
inform, influence, or entertain a
listening audience.”

3.  Public speaking is commonly understood as face-
to-face speaking between individuals and an
audience for the purpose of communication. It is
closely allied to "presenting", although the latter is
more often associated with commercial activity.
Most of the time, public speaking is to persuade
the audience.
Contd……

4. FEATURES
Speaker:
Speaker is one who initiates the communication process.
Public speaking spotlights the role of speaker, but
whether speakers can take advantage of this attention
depends on their ability to reward listeners with
interesting and useful messages.
Purpose:
People rarely speak in public unless they have
some purpose in mind, something they wish to accomplish. A
purpose can be complex, private, and psychological.

5. Three basic forms of purpose:
• Informative speeches
- to share knowledge
• Persuade speeches
-Persuasion is the art of getting others to
consider our point of view fairly and favourably.
-Influences attitudes and actions.
• Ceremonial speeches
-Ceremonial speeches given on special
occasions.

6. -it stresses the sharing of identities and
values that units people into communities.
 Message:
-Fabric of words , presentation aids, gestures,
and vocal cues meant to achieve the purpose.
Successful public speaking offers a message
that is designed to serve the speaker’s purpose.
 Medium
Medium is the channel through which the
message is transmitted.

7.  Setting:
It refers physical and psychological contexts
in which the message is presented.
 Listener:
Receiver of the message who can realise the
purpose and make the message effective.
 Response:
The response to a speech is what happens
during and as a result of the speech.

8.  Interferences:
Interferences are factors that can disrupt
the communication process and defeat its purpose.
 Consequences:
The impact of communication both in terms of
immediate effect and of long range ethical
influence on speaker and listener identity.

9. STRUCTURE OF A SPEECH
Opening/introduction:
A good introduction has three main components:
• An attention-getter
An attention-getter hooks the audience into the narrative
being told and makes them thirsty for more information.
Successful attention-getters include:
- Tell a story
- Reveal an astonishing fact

10. - Promise something
- Crack a joke
- Explain the importance of the topic to the audience
• An establishment of credibility
Credibility establishes an authority to speak on an issue,
and is largely on issue of perception by the audience.
Credibility can come from first hand experience, reading on
an issue, interviewing professionals, or an introduction.
• A preview of the main points of the speech.
A speaker should always preview what they are
planning on saying.

11. Body:
There are numerous ways to organize the main points of
the body of a speech.
 Temporal organization It groups information according
to when it happened or will happen. Types of temporal
patterns include chronological (in the sequence it
occurred) and reverse chronological (from ending back
to start).
 Cause-effect schemes are a related mode of
organization, showing how one event brings about
another. Cause-effect may be used for past, present, or
future events and processes. Cause-effect can also be
reversed, from effect back to cause.

12.  Spatial patterns group and organize speech
based on physical arrangement of its parts.
 Topical designs are appropriate when the subject
matter has clear categories of division.
 Importance patterns are based on the
evaluations or judgments of the main points of a
speech. A speech detailing different reasons,
ideas, or solutions might utilize this
organizational scheme in order to compare the
merits of different points.

13. Conclusion:
After signalling the conclusion of a speech, good
speakers
- repeat the topic (their thesis),
- review the main points, and
- depart with a concluding thought.