Crime scene reconstruction involves determining the sequence of events that occurred at a crime scene through scientific analysis and logical theory formation. It helps investigators determine the crime, find missed evidence, and refresh memories. The reconstruction process follows scientific principles and considers physical evidence analysis. It begins with recognizing potential evidence and progresses through identification, individualization, and forming a theory after testing hypotheses against evidence. Reconstruction relies on crime scene examination, laboratory analysis, and other information sources.

1. CRIME SCENE
RECONSTRUCTION
BY: NITIN PANDEY
CEO FORENSIC.INDIA

2. Introduction
 Crime scene reconstruction is the process of determining or eliminating
the events and actions that occurred at the crime scene.
 Reconstruction not only involves scientific scene analysis, interpretation of
the scene pattern evidence and laboratory examination of physical
evidence, but also involves systematic study of related information and
the logical formulation of a theory.

3. Importance
 Helps in determining the crime.
 To find the evidence that were skipped earlier.
 To refresh the memory of the investigator.
 Logical approach to theory formation.

4. Nature of Reconstruction.
 Based on scientific experiments and part experiences.
 Its steps follows scientific principles, theory formation and logical
methodology.
 Involves consideration of physical evidence analysis.

5. Basic principle of reconstruction.
 Follows the basic principle used in the physical evidence analysis.
1) Intra- analysis of the evidence
2) Inter- analysis of the evidence
 Locard theory of transfer is the fundamental principle.

6. RECOGNITION
 starts from recognition of the potential evidence and
separation of this from those items that have no evidential value.
 Reconstruction generally starts from recognition.
 Examination of a macroscopical scene or a microscopical scene

7. IDENTIFICATION.
 Identification is a comparison process.
 Using class characteristics to compare the physical evidence.
 By comparing the physical properties, morphological properties,
chemical properties and biological properties.

9. INDIVIDUALIZATION.
 It refers to the demonstration that a particular sample is unique.
 The nature of these individual characteristics varies from one type of
evidence to another, but forensic scientists try to take advantage
of them in efforts to individualize a piece of physical evidence.
 The identification and individualization analyses of physical evidence and the
conclusions drawn from them are important ingredients in a final
reconstruction

11. RECONSTRUCTION
 Reconstruction is based on
1) crime scene examination,
2) laboratory analysis,
3) Other independent sources of information to reconstruct case events
 Often involves the use of
1) inductive and deductive logic.
2) statistical data.
3) information from the crime scene.

12. Stages in Reconstruction.
 Data collection.
 Conjectur.
 Hypothesis formulation.
 Testing.
 Theory formation.

13. DATA COLLECTION
 Information obtained from the crime scene, victims body and eye witness are reviewed,
organized and studied.
1) Information obtained by note taking.
2) Physical examination of victims body.
3) Photograph and videography.
4) Blood pattern and impression.

14. Conjecture
 Making opinion regarding the crime that has been committed
without having any complete information or evidence.
 Opinion without doing the deep analysis of the physical evidence.
 Expecting the happening on the basis of incomplete knowledge about
crime scene.

15. Hypothesis Formulation.
 A supposition or proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a
starting point for further investigation.
 Scene examination and inspection of the physical evidence must be done.
 Scene and evidence examination includes analysis of blood pattern, fingerprint, firearm
and analysis of traced evidence. And on the basis of this hypothesis is formed.

16. Testing.
 Testing of the evidences encounter from the crime scene. It involves
comparison of physical evidences samples with the known sample.
 Purpose of testing is to confirm or disprove the overall interpretation or
specific aspects of the hypothesis.

17. Theory formation.
 All the verifiable investigative information, physical evidence
analysis and interpretation, and experimental results must be considered
in testing and attempting to verify the hypothesis.
When it has been thoroughly tested and verified by analysis, it
can be considered a plausible theory.

18. CLASSIFICATIONS OF RECONSTRUCTION TYPES
A Specific type of incident reconstruction:
1 Accident reconstruction:
(a) Traffic accident reconstruction: automobiles, trucks,
motorcycles ,etc
(c) -Industrial or construction accident reconstruction: ‘on the job’
or
employee accidents, building collapses, machinery, etc.
2 Specific crime reconstruction:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
Homicide reconstruction
Arson scene reconstruction
Rape case reconstruction
White-collar crime reconstruction
Other specific crime scene reconstruction
B Specific events reconstruction
1 Sequence determination
2 Directional determination
3 Position determination
4 Relational determination
5 Conditional determination
6 Identity determination
(b) -Other transportation accident reconstruction: trains, airplanes, boat
accidents, etc.

19. C. Degree of involvement reconstruction
1 Total case reconstruction
2 Partial case reconstruction
3 Limited event reconstruction
4 Specific pattern reconstruction
D Specific type of physical evidence reconstruction:
1 Pattern evidence
2 Shooting investigation evidence
3 Serological evidence

20. PATTERN EVIDENCE IN RECONSTRUCTION
1 Bloodstain patterns
2 Glass fracture patterns
3 Fire burn patterns
4 Furniture position patterns
5 Track-trail patterns
6 Tire or skid mark patterns
7 Clothing article damage or position patterns
8 Modus operandi and crime scene profile patterns
9 Projectile trajectory and powder residue patterns
10 Injury or wound patterns