INTRODUCTION Radio communication is extremely critical for public safety, national safety and emergency communications systems.During emergency situation all forms of communication are break down.Solve the problem of inter-operability and incompatible. Inter-operability is solved by implementing large part of radio functionality in software.Software defined radio, communicate with multiple incompatible radios or act as a bridge between them.Present a method and design of implementing an SDR system using Raspberry Pi Provide enough computational power to perform all the required signal processing in real time.

1. GUIDED BY, PRESENTED BY,
PROF. ALEX.V NISHMI.SURESH
MTECH
POWER EFFICIENT SOFTWARE DEFINED RADIO
FOR DISASTER AFFECTED REGIONS
USING RASPBERRY PI

2. CONTENTS
• INTRODUCTION
• BLOCK DIAGRAM
• BLOCK DIAGRAM EXPLANATION
• COMPONENTS
• CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
• CIRCUIT DIAGRAM WORKING
• ADVANTAGES
• CONCLUSION
• REFERENCES

3. INTRODUCTION
• Radio communication is extremely critical for public safety, national safety and
emergency communications systems.
• During emergency situation all forms of communication are break down.
• Solve the problem of inter-operability and incompatible.
• Inter-operability is solved by implementing large part of radio functionality in
software.
• Software defined radio, communicate with multiple incompatible radios or act as a
bridge between them.
• Present a method and design of implementing an SDR system using Raspberry Pi
• Provide enough computational power to perform all the required signal processing in
real time.

4. BLOCK DIAGRAM

5. BLOCK DIAGRAM EXPLANATION
• System consist of a transmitter part , receiver part and an base band processor
• Radio signals are received using an antenna connected to RTL-SDR.
• Analog signal received by antenna is sent to analog to digital converter component.
• Analog signal is digitized at a sampling rate which is set by software.
• Digitized radio signal is then down-converted to frequency which is again controllable by
software.
• Base-band signal is then sent to Raspberry Pi for extraction of information from the signal.
• Information extracted can be piped to the LCD and LED connected to the system.
• Routed to the memory for storage.
• To transmit the signal, general purpose input output pin available on Raspberry Pi is used

6. COMPONENTS
SMOKE SENSOR
• The MQ-2 smoke sensor is sensitive to smoke and to the following flammable gases:
• LPG
• Butane
• Propane
• Methane
• Alcohol
• Hydrogen
• Resistance of the sensor is different depending on the type of the gas.
• Smoke sensor has a built-in potentiometer
• Allows to adjust the sensor sensitivity
• Greater the gas concentration, greater the output voltage

7. VIBRATOR SENSOR
• Vibration sensor used is SW-420
• working bias of this circuit is between 3.3V to 5V DC
• Board that includes comparator LM 393 and adjustable on board
potentiometer and signal indication LED.
• Potentiometer for sensitivity threshold selection.
• Sensor module produce logic states depends on vibration and external force
applied on it.
• When there is no vibration this module gives logic LOW output.
• When it feels vibration then output of this module goes to logic HIGH.

8. RTL-SDR
• RTL-SDR is a very cheap software defined radio that uses a DVB-T dongle based on the
RTL2832U chipset.
• Enables easy signal processing and thus cheap wide band scanner radios to be produced.
• Frequency range dependent on the particular tuner variant used in the dongle, and the
particular implementation.
• Tunning range between 24MHz to 1850MHz.
• Maximum sample rate is 2.4 MS/s.
• ADC resolution 8 bit.
• Antenna input impedance 75 ohm.
• Dynamic range 45dB.
• RTL2832U contains a USB interface that send samples to raspberry pi

9. ARDUINO UNO
• Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use hardware and software.
• Microcontroller board based on the ATmega328
• It runs on Mac, Windows, and Linux.
• Boards are equipped with 14 digital I/O and analog
input pins
ATmega328 has 32 KB
• . It also has 2 KB of SRAM and 1 KB of EEPROM
• 6 analog inputs, labeled A0 through A5
• Each of which provide 10 bits of resolution
• UART TTL (5V) serial communication, which is
available on digital pins 0 (RX) and 1 (TX).
• 16 MHz ceramic resonator, a USB connection,
a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button

10. RASPBERRY PI 3
• Raspberry Pi 3 is the third-generation Raspberry Pi.
• Low power credit –card-sized single-board computer.
• Has fast processor on board to increase the speed.
• Quad core 1.2GHz Broadcom BCM 2837 64 bit CPU
• 40 pin extended general purpose input output pins
• 1GB RAM , 4*USB 2 port
• CPU on the board is an ARM processor with 700MHzclock speed
• CSI camera port to connect Raspberry pi camera
• DSI display port for connecting Raspberry Pi touch screen display
• Micro SD for loading operating system and storing data.

11. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
•TRANSMITTER

12. •RECEIVER

13. WORKING
• MQ2 is the smoke sensor used and has 4 pins.
• Analog output of smoke sensor connect to the analog input of Arduino.
• SW420 is used as vibrator sensor and has 3 pins.
• Digital output is connected to the digital input pin of Arduino.
• 434MHz RF transmitter is used and has 4 pins.
• It use ASK Modulation with output produced is 8mW.
• Produce output to range of 50ft.
• Data pin is connected to the MISO pin of Arduino.
• 30-35cm wire antenna is used.

14. CONT..
• RTL-SDR received the output signal from RF Transmitter.
• USB powered SDR receiver only and connected to USB port of base band
processor.
• Which process the signal and extract the information and it is piped to LED,LCD
and buzzer.
• 16*2 LCD is used with D4-D7 lines are connected to GPIO pins.
• BC547 , NPN transistor is used to connect the buzzer to Raspberry Pi.
• Which act as a amplifier and keep the component from burning up.

15. ADVANTAGES
• Low cost
• Small size
• Low power consumption
• Easy to configure
• Easy to deploy
• System can operate using portable battery

16. CONCLUSION
• Software defined radio technology helps to solve the communication problem
arised during emergency situations.
• By implementing radios that can operate on multiple frequency bands and multiple
protocols by software control.
• Developed using Raspberry Pi and a low cost front end solution.
• The system is low cost, small size, portable and consumes low power.

17. REFERENCES
[1] Vijendra Singh Tomar and Vimal Bhatia, “Low cost and power Software Defined
Radio using Raspberry Pi for disaster effected regions”, Second International
symposium on Computer Vision and Internet,2015
[2] Praveen Kumar P and Dr.Noor Mahammad, “SDR based multi data
communication system design”, International conference on Design and
Manufacturing,2013
[3]Robert. C.Mazur, “An Arduino DCR-SCR projects” The Canadian Amaetur, July-
August 2015