This document provides an overview of stock exchanges, including their significance, structure, and the listing of securities. It discusses how stock exchanges assist in regulating and controlling business transactions, help companies raise funds, and provide liquidity. The functions of stock exchanges include serving as an economic barometer, pricing securities, ensuring safe transactions, contributing to economic growth, and promoting savings and investment. The document also outlines the structure of stock exchanges and requirements for listing securities on an exchange.

1. BUSINESS FINANCE
PRESENTATION ON:
STOCK EXCHANGE – ITS SIGNIFICANCE & STRUCTURE
FUNCTIONAL LISTING OF SECURITIES
PRESENTED BY:
N I S H A G A N G W A N I
Y E A R - I I
B A C H E L O R O F B U S I N E S S A D M I N I S T R A T I O N

2. WHAT
IS
“STOCK EXCHANGE” ?

3. The Securities Regulation Act of 1956 defined stock
exchange as:
“an association , organization , or a individual which is established for
the purpose of assisting , regulating , and controlling business in buying
,selling and dealing in securities.”
DEFINITION OF STOCK EXCHANGE

4. This comes under treasury sector, which provides service to
stock brokers & traders to trade stocks ,bonds and securities. Stock
exchanges helps the companies to raise their fund. Therefore, the
companies needs to list themselves in the Stock Exchange and the
shares will be issued which is known as equity or an ordinary share and
these shareholders are the real owners of the company. The Board Of
Directors of the Company are elected out of these Equity Shareholders
only.
MEANING OF STOCK EXCHANGE

5. SIGNIFICANCE
OF
“STOCK EXCHANGE” ?

6.  The stock exchange is a necessary aspect of commerce world-wide.
Without a stock exchange in which people could quickly and easily
trade assets, the global economy would quickly grind to a halt.
 Although a stock exchange is not in itself a source of new equity
capital of risk funds essential to developing new industries, it is true
that the flow of new capital soon would slow to a trickle without it. If
there were no stock exchange, no market place where people could
sell their securities for cash, capital would soon become sluggish and
the financing of new ventures, no matter how promising, would be
heavily curtailed.

7. 9 VITALFUNCTIONS
OF
“STOCK EXCHANGE” ?

8. 1) ECONOMIC BAROMETER
A stock exchange is a reliable barometer to measure the economic condition of
a country. Every major change in country and economy is reflected in the prices
of shares. The rise or fall in the share prices indicates the boom or recession
cycle of the economy. Stock exchange is also known as a pulse of economy or
economic mirror which reflects the economic conditions of a country.

9. II) PRICING OF SECURITIES
The stock market helps to value the securities on the basis of demand and
supply factors. The securities of profitable and growth oriented companies are
valued higher as there is more demand for such securities. The valuation of
securities is useful for investors, government and creditors. The investors can
know the value of their investment, the creditors can value the creditworthiness
and government can impose taxes on value of securities.

10. III) SAFETY OF TRANSACTIONS
In stock market only the listed securities are traded and stock exchange
authorities include the companies names in the trade list only after verifying the
soundness of company. The companies which are listed they also have to
operate within the strict rules and regulations. This ensures safety of dealing
through stock exchange.

11. IV) CONTRIBUTES TO ECONOMIC GROWTH
In stock exchange securities of various companies are bought and sold. This
process of disinvestment and reinvestment helps to invest in most productive
investment proposal and this leads to capital formation and economic growth.

12. V) SPREADING OF EQUITY CULT
Stock exchange encourages people to invest in ownership securities by
regulating new issues, better trading practices and by educating public about
investment.

13. VI) PROVIDING SCOPE FOR SPECULATION
To ensure liquidity and demand of supply of securities the stock exchange
permits healthy speculation of securities.

14. VII) LIQUIDITY
The main function of stock market is to provide ready market for sale and
purchase of securities. The presence of stock exchange market gives
assurance to investors that their investment can be converted into cash
whenever they want. The investors can invest in long term investment projects
without any hesitation, as because of stock exchange they can convert long
term investment into short term and medium term.

15. VIII) BETTER ALLOCATION OF CAPITAL
The shares of profit making companies are quoted at higher prices and are
actively traded so such companies can easily raise fresh capital from stock
market. The general public hesitates to invest in securities of loss making
companies. So stock exchange facilitates allocation of investor’s fund to
profitable channels.

16. IX) PROMOTES THE HABITS OF SAVINGS &
INVESTMENT
The stock market offers attractive opportunities of investment in various
securities. These attractive opportunities encourage people to save more and
invest in securities of corporate sector rather than investing in unproductive
assets such as gold, silver, etc.

17. STRUCTURE
OF
“STOCK EXCHANGE” ?

18. STRUCTURE OF STOCK EXCHANGE
Stock Exchange
Industrial Stock
Exchange
Secondary Stock
Exchange
Over-the-Counter
Stock Exchange
New Issue Stock
Exchange
Government
Stock Exchange
Organized Stock
Exchange
Preference
Shares
EquitiesBonds
Over-the-Counter
Stock Exchange
New Issue Stock
Exchange
Secondary Stock
Exchange

19. FINANCIALLISTING
OF
“SECURITIES”

20. FINANCIAL LISTING OF SECURITIES
 The process of listing of securities is called Financial
Listing of Securities.

21. LISTING OF SECURITIES
 In corporate finance, a listing of securities refers to the company's shares being
on the list (or board) of stock that are officially traded on a stock exchange.
Normally the issuing company is the one that applies for a listing but in some
countries the exchange can list a company, for instance because its stock is
already being actively traded via informal channels. Initial listing requirements
usually include a history of a few years of financial statements (not required for
"alternative" markets targeting young firms); a sufficient size of the amount being
placed among the general public (the free float), both in absolute terms and as a
percentage of the total outstanding stock; an approved prospectus, usually
including opinions from independent assessors, and so on. Stocks whose market
value and/or turnover fall below critical levels can get officially delisted; delisting
is often the result of a merger or takeover, or the firm going private.

22. LISTING OF SECURITIES
 Listing refers to the admission of the securities of a company on a
recognised stock exchange for trading.
 Listing of securities is undertaken with the primary objective of providing
marketability, liquidity and transferability of shares.

23. OBJECTIVES OF LISTING
 Provide ready marketability, liquidity & negotiability to securities;
 Mobilize savings for economic development;
 Ensure proper supervision and control of dealing;
 Protect interest of investors by ensuring full disclosures.

24. ADVANTAGES OF LISTING
 Provides Liquidity to securities.
 Regular information
 Easy Transferability
 Income tax benefit
 Transparency in dealing.
 Helps the company to gain national importance and widespread recognition.
 Helps in raising additional capital.

25. DISADVANTAGES OF LISTING
 Listed companies are subjected to do various regulatory measures of the
stock exchange and SEBI.
 Essential information has to be submitted by the listed companies to stock
exchange.
 Annual meeting and annual general report.

26. LISTING REQUIREMENTS
 For this purpose companies have been classified into 2 groups:-
1. Large Cap Companies (minimum issue size of Rs.10 crores and
market capitalization of not less than Rs.25 crores)
2. Small Cap Companies (minimum issue size of Rs.3 crores and
market capitalization of not less than Rs.5 crores)

27. STEPS IN LISTING
1.
• Submission of Letter of Application
along with the necessary documents.
2.
• Payment of Listing Fees.
3.
• Collection of Listing Fees.-HDFC Bank

28. STEPS IN LISTING
4.
• Trading Permission by SEBI.
5.
• Payment of 1% Security with the
designated SE.
6.
• Advertisement.

29. DELISTING OF SECURITIES
 Delisting is the process of termination of permission given to a listed
company from trading its securities on the stock exchange.
They can be in 2 ways:-
1. Compulsory Delisting
2. Voluntary Delisting