Nuclearization In South Asia

Nuclearization in South Asia
Introduction South Asia is a volatile region. In particular, India and Pakistan have, since the end of
the Cold War, been widely regarded as the two countries most likely to become involved in a
nuclear war. The cultural, religious, and ideological tensions that underlie the state–tostate
antagonism are very deep–seated. The long and contested border, frequent armed conflict and
mutual distrust result in an inherently unstable situation between the two nuclear armed rivals. This
study will summarize the nuclear history of India and Pakistan, illustrate the dangers of instability,
and examine potential U.S. actions to enhance stability in this contentious region of significant
security interest. Historical Background For a thousand ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
After a one–year–long lull sparked by the rout of the temple militants, a fresh surge of terrorist
violence broke out with the assassination of moderate Sikh leader Sant Harchand Singh Longowal
shortly after he signed a so–called "peace accord" with Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi in July 1985.
Gandhi's mother and predecessor, Indira Gandhi, earlier fell victim to two Sikh assassins from her
own security guard in October 1984. However, since late 1985, the intensity and frequency of
terrorist attacks have risen sharply, with no end in sight to the ever–growing spiral of violence. The
extremists have extended their terror campaign to many areas outside Punjab, forcing authorities to
constantly review and beef up security in a prime terrorist target – New Delhi. The extremists,
armed with powerful, sophisticated guns, have often targeted government and police officers and
Hindu and moderate Sikh politicians; but, frequently, they have engaged in the random mass killing
of ordinary Hindu civilians. This year has witnessed a dramatic increase in the number of attacks
and fatalities. India has been troubled by sectarian violence for decades, reflecting a constant
conflict between its federal system and ethnic and regional aspirations. Ethnic unrest and rebel
violence have been major Indian security concerns since the Chinese–aided Naga
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Essay The United States Must Abandon Nuclear Power
The United States Must Abandon Nuclear Power
The United States must re–examine many policies previously accepted as reasonable, especially its
own national energy policy. As the largest overall and per capita energy consumer in the world, the
U.S. needs to decide upon a reasonable source of energy for the foreseeable future, especially since
its energy needs will increase dramatically during that time. With political instability likely to
remain the norm in the Middle East, oil continues to be an energy source of questionable reliability;
in addition, current estimates of worldwide reserves suggest we may in fact run out of oil entirely in
the next fifty years. Natural gas reserves are in fairly short supply too, and costs limit its ... Show
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The origins of nuclear power, in fact, should be enough to give one pause; fission reactions (albeit
uncontrolled ones) were originally intended to be used as weapons: the weapon, of course, being the
atomic bomb. The nuclear program began in earnest when Einstein himself, afraid that Hitler had a
team working on such a weapon, wrote to President Roosevelt to inform him that such a weapon
might be possible to build (Shrader–Frechette 7). The development of the A–bomb by the Manhattan
Project, its use in Japan and the effect on World War II are all well–documented. (After the initial
test at Alamagordo, New Mexico, one of the bomb's major developers, J. Robert Oppenheimer, was
rumored to whisper: "I am become death, the destroyer of worlds," when he saw the level of
destruction his new creation had achieved.) Less well known are the recommendations made by a
panel of Manhattan Project scientists about the post–war uses of nuclear energy. The panel's report
concluded, "The development of fission piles solely for the production of power for ordinary
commercial use does not appear economically sound nor advisable from the point of view of
preserving natural resources"; in other words, the first panel of experts on commercial nuclear
energy and its resources felt uranium was too expensive to waste on

Working Capital Management Project
Working capital management
Abstract
The Project Report is a summary of Study of some of the elements of Working Capital Management
at the Heavy Engineering Division of Larsen & Toubro Limited (L&T, HED). The various
aspects of these working capital elements have been studied. The Study of working capital
management involved understanding of receivables, payables and to an extent inventory
management. After a brief introduction to the nature of Business activity of Larsen & Toubro
and its Business Division – Heavy Engineering Division, the report comprises a detailed comparison
of Heavy Engineering Division's performance with its Indian and Foreign Competitors. The
comparison is based on profitability, productivity and working ... Show more content on
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It is not possible to get divisional reports of organizations such as BHEL, Godrej & Boyce etc.
This makes the ratio analysis somewhat inaccurate. However, it is a good indication of the
performance of the company.
About Larsen & Toubro Limited
Larsen & Toubro Limited (L&T) is a technology–driven Engineering and Construction
organization and one of the largest companies in India's private sector. It has additional interests in
Information Technology and Services. L&T was founded by two Danish engineers, Henning
Holck–Larsen and Soren Kristian Toubro, in 1938. Beginning with the import of machinery from
Europe, L&T rapidly took on engineering and construction assignments of increasing
sophistication. It now has a major presence in key sectors of the economy. A strong, customer–
focused approach and the constant quest for top–class quality has enabled the Company to attain and
sustain leadership in its major lines of business across seven decades. With factories and offices
located around the country, further supplemented by a comprehensive marketing and distribution
network, L&T enjoys an image and equity in virtually every district of India.
With revenues to the tune of more than Rs. 18,000 crores reported for the financial year ending
March 2007 and employee strength of over 20,000, Larsen &

Breeder Reactors: Clean and Plentiful Energy...Forever Essay
Nuclear power is one of the most controversial topics of our time. In a time where people are
looking more towards greener energy and towards a more plentiful supply of it, the nuclear breeder
reactor comes to shine. A Nuclear Breeder Reactor works on the principal of taking waste from a
normal reactor, and using it to make more energy. In such a reactor, what occurs is "Neutrons flying
around in these reactors not only induce uranium–235 to split and release energy, but also convert
non–fissile uranium–238 into fissile plutonium–239" (Webb). In most reactors, this dangerous,
bomb–grade material would be thrown away. This waste is highly radioactive, and can remain so for
many millennia. But instead, it can make even greater amounts of ... Show more content on
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The price is about as equivalent to that of most other power plants, but those plants do not require
the risk of the radioactivity of the nuclear plants. The nuclear plants require much cost for the safety
of the facility, safety precautions that don't need to be taken when dealing with a coal plant, fossil
fuel, and other electricity producing plants. While many of these may be true, the costs are quickly
paid for, and can be paid for even more quickly if the extent of the subject be studied and updated.
Between 1995 and 2008, Nuclear power production costs have remained at the same level, while
other power plants production costs have gone up. Nuclear power plants can produce a lot more
electric per unit of fuel than other methods. This electricity can be sold cheap because it is plentiful
and the upkeep is less. Nuclear plants do not need constant upkeep as do other methods. There, a
cost is cut, putting more money back in a person's pocket. Much of the costs paid for are the
continued cost of safety concerns, as these reactors must be continuously watched in case of any
dangerous leakages. When nuclear plants and breeder reactors fail, they can have very dangerous
consequences. Who knows if a slight mistake like Chernobyl will happen? Chernobyl caused many
people to absorb dangerous amounts of radiation. Also, events like Three Mile Island occur, when
there are uncontrollable mechanical pieces that fail and ending up in a

An Impact Assessment of Science and Technology Policy on...
AN IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF SCIENCE
AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY ON NATIONAL
DEVELOPMENT OF NIGERIA
BY
ABUBAKAR ABDULLAHI
October, 2 0 0 4 ii AN IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY POLICY ON NATIONAL
DEVELOPMENT OF NIGERIA
BY
ABUBAKAR ABDULLAHI
(MATRICULATION NO. 3081)
A Dissertation Submitted to St. Clements University in Partial
Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Award of
Doctor of Philosophy in Management
St. Clements University
October, 2004 iii DECLARATION
I declare that this Dissertation is an output of my own research endeavours.
In pursuant of this research work, concerted efforts were made to duly acknowledge through
bibliography, all sources of data and information used.
However, in case of inadvertent ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is pertinent to acknowledge with deep sense of appreciation the cooperation received from
Directors in the Federal Ministry of Science and Technology and
Director Generals, Directors and Chief Executive Officers of Research Institutes in the Federal
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Environment,
Health and Science and Technology who kindly responded and completed the questionnaires used
for this study.
To all my esteemed Directors in the Raw Materials Research and Development
Council, Dr. D. B. Ayo, Dr. Ado. K. Abdullahi, Dr. L. E. Nsa, Mr. B. A. Adegbesan,
Prince R. N. Ihenacho and Dr. H. D. Ibrahim, I wish to express my appreciation for their high sense
of responsibility, concern and unflinching support throughout my tenure in the Council and their
encouragement and professional advise during this study. To other Management staff, I deeply
appreciate your support.
This study would not have been accomplished without the significant contributions of my Academic
Adviser, Professor David Iornem who inspired and encouraged me even when I expressed doubt of
my ability to complete the study due to my busy schedule.

I also, acknowledged the immense contributions of my Project Supervisor, Dr.
Gabriel U. Moti of University of Abuja who painstakingly read through my work and offered useful
suggestions that led to the successful completion of the study. viii The role played by Mr. K. B.
Ajoku cannot be overemphasized. His
immeasurable

Nuclear Fission Essay
Introduction
In 1939, the discovery of nuclear fission unlocked the potential of an entirely different source of
power. The utilization of internal energy contained in the atomic nucleus has provided a major
solution to present and future power source needs by turning away from fossil fuels such as coal, oil
and natural gas and currently encompass three–fourth of world's energy requirements to cleaner
alternatives such as nuclear power and renewables.
The objective of this paper is provide a comparison of the current types of nuclear reactors such as
"burners" and "breeder" reactors. The analysis will encompass a review of economic (LCOE),
environmental (LCA) and technological challenges for both technologies. Further, benefits and
detriments associated with each form of technology will be included to provide some further ...
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What is Nuclear Fission?
Nuclear Fission is the main process by which humans are able to generate energy from the nucleus
of atoms. In order to discuss the nuclear fission process the role of the neutron must be examined.
The collision of a neutron in motion with a fissionable nucleus an essential pre condition that creates
the nuclear fission process. In order for fission to occur a neutron of the requisite energy must
collide into, and merge with a fissionable nucleus to create a new compound nucleus. The formation
of the new compound nucleus, in the case of Uranium–238, can be described by the following
nuclear reaction: U–238 + n –> U–239. In situations where nuclear fission successfully occurs new
nuclei are created from the remnants of the old nuclei. The velocity or energy of the colliding
neutron is a significant factor in the fission process. Nuclear fission can occur after a heavy nuclei
captures a neutron. The low energy neutrons which are slow or thermal can result in the fission of
isotopes of Plutonium and Uranium whose nuclei have an odd number of

The Process Of Producing Nuclear Energy From Thorium
This essay focuses on the process of producing nuclear energy from thorium. First, basic
information about the element is covered as well as its uses up until the present. Next, the history of
thorium energy is covered, including details of previous successful studies and experiments. This is
supplemented with a detailed explanation of the benefits and drawbacks of thorium energy, and this
is immediately followed by a brief explanation of the chemistry behind the technology. Finally, the
future of the thorium energy is discussed, along with a few examples of companies, governments,
and organizations which are currently researching and promoting the concept.
Thorium has long been the subject of scientific research ever ... Show more content on
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Things are starting to turn around for thorium though, as people are beginning to realize that
thorium power offers cleaner, more powerful, and safer energy than anything humanity has ever
known before, and they are beginning to take action to make thorium more widely known as an
important prospective energy source. Fig. 1. Thorium Element. Digital image. Periodictable.com.
Periodictable.com. Web. 15 May 2016
Fig. 2. Karolewski, Lucasz. Thorium Lantern Mantle. Digital image. Wikipedia. Wikipedia, 28 Jan.
2014. Web. 15 May 2016
Thorium is a silvery radioactive metal which was discovered in 1828 and is relatively common in
nature (see fig. 1) (World Nuclear Association). According to the World Nuclear Association,
thorium is about three times more abundant than uranium; an average average soil sample contains
about 3ppm thorium, making the element about as common as lead. In nature, thorium occurs only
as Th–232, which has a half–life of about 3 times the age of the earth (World Nuclear Association).
Thorium has found use in the past in some objects such as light bulbs, lantern mantels, and some
ceramics as thorium oxide because of its exceptionally high melting point (see fig. 2) (World
Nuclear Association).
Estimates show there are over 6 million metric tons of thorium worldwide, which could be extracted
at a profitable rate, making the element a viable candidate for nuclear energy production (OECD). In
fact, thorium was even being researched as a

Thorium : The Forgotten Nuclear Fuel
Thorium: The Forgotten Nuclear Fuel Thorium has long been the subject of scientific research ever
since its discovery, and now it appears that this obscure element may now be the energy source
which could fuel humanity for generations to come. While thorium has a complicated history, the
element remains very important to humanity for many reasons. Discovered about the same time as
uranium in the 19th century, thorium has been well known to the scientific community for many
years (World Nuclear Association). In fact, famous scientists like Marie Curie and Ernest Rutherford
worked with the element in several experiments when nuclear decay was first being discovered.
Since that time, however, thorium has largely been thrown by the wayside for use in practical
applications such as energy production in favor of neighboring elements uranium and plutonium.
Things are starting to turn around for thorium though, as people are beginning to realize that
thorium power offers cleaner, more powerful, and safer energy than anything humanity has ever
known before, and they beginning to take action to make thorium more widely known as an
important prospective energy source. Thorium is a silvery radioactive metal which was discovered
in 1828 and is a relatively common in nature. According to the World Nuclear Association, thorium
is about three times more abundant than Uranium; an average average soil contains about 3ppm
thorium, making the element about as common as lead. In nature

Radioactive Boy Scout By David Hahn
Introduction The book "Radioactive Boy Scout" is a true story about a boy named David Hahn that
attended a Michigan high school. His goal was to set out and build a fast breeder reactor in his
garden shed. He educated himself in these things by reading popular mechanics and the golden book
of chemistry experiments. Whatever he could not get from laboratory suppliers, universities,
hospitals, and nuclear agencies, he made himself. David collected household smoke detectors and
extracted americium–24. He also got assembled gas mantle covers and pulverized them to get
radioactive thorium and took the Geiger counter in to an antique shop where he found a clock with a
phial of radium paint left in it. With a little bit of things he had ... Show more content on
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David would go through medicine chest, and cabinets and gather things together like; toothpaste,
soap, medicine, cram, nail polish remover, and rubbing alcohol. He would mix everything together
into a metal bowl and stir all the contents together in an ashtray, after stirring all the things together
he realized all he had was a lifeless gray blob. So of course he added more things to it and
eventually caused the products to boil over and so David flushed them down the toilet.
Key Idea 2
David was so into science that he had no time for any other activities. Is dad tried to get him into
activities, but David never seemed interested. As David got older he tried many new things with
these things that became a lot more dangerous than just the things he was getting from the medicine
cabinets. David had a shed he worked all his experiments in that could explode. He would also work
at the side of his pool or in his room. David became in the boy scouts where he learned a lot of new
things about his experiments. He pursued in getting the atomic energy merit badge. As a final set of
tasks, David built a Geiger counter from a kit, he visited a hospital radiology unit to learn about the
medical uses of radioisotopes, constructed a model nuclear reactor. The model was built out of a
juice can, plastic pill bottles, coat hangers, soda straws, kitchen matches, and rubber bands. David's
Boy Scout education really influenced his nuclear dreams. David was finally

The Economic Decision Making For Obama 's Two Parent
On the other hand, many of the environmental problems the world faces today – including climate
change, air pollution, oil spills, and acid rain – result from our dependence on fossil fuels. The
burning of fossil fuels produces heat–trapping gases that are the main cause of the ongoing rise in
global atmospheric temperatures. Therefore, as a result of the "shale revolution" Americans seem to
have a hard time to say "goodbye" to the stereotypes of the past century. Barack Obama declared
"comprehensive" energy strategy increasingly takes on the character of selective policy,
concentrating not on a wide range of energy, but only on shale gas and oil. America is increasingly
dependent on oil and gas consumption. This situation does not seem to cause any rejections.
Scientists call this phenomenon a "cognitive dissonance"; which White House initiatives inherently
possess. It is the inability to reach a consensus between the populist slogans and theoretical
developments, while there is a need for pragmatic economic decision–making. We have to admit
that for Obama's two–parent term, the Democrats couldn't precisely highlight key points, and build a
hierarchy of integrated energy policy. US hegemony is almost not valid in renewable energy. On a
number of key areas of alternative energy, China and some EU countries are ahead of the United
States and the Americans have to compete to maintain leadership or even to catch up with countries
that have been recently perceived as developing

The Effects Of Nuclear Power On The World
Attention Step
I. [Attention Getter] The average global temperature has increased by more than 2oF
over the last century and the years 2005 and 2010 are tied for the warmest years on
II. [Credibility] Growing up as kid, I never thought that the world we live in was ever
A. Then, once I started going to college, I was immediately got exposed to the
B. With the knowledge I gained from my classes and from my work experience at a
danger that our world faces due to the effect of global warming caused by the use
nuclear power plant , as well as the research I have done for this speech, I am
aware of the immediate attention that global warming requires and how the use of
nuclear power to produce electricity is more preferable than coal power plants.
Engineering on May 2015 and I will start working at Palo Verde Nuclear
Generating Station on June 2015.
C. I will be graduating with Bachelor of Science in Nuclear and Mechanical
III. [Topic Justification] The probability of you or someone you know to use electricity
on a daily basis is very high.
A. Electricity is used by many people for different purposes that can range from as
B. My audience survey revealed that 100% of the people who took the survey agreed
C. Most people have little knowledge about nuclear power and how it can help

IV. [Preview] Today I want to persuade you to support the use nuclear power to produce
A. First, the use of coal is causing global warming throughout the world.
B.

Radioactive Waste : Nuclear Power
Radioactive waste
Nuclear Power is one of the only energy producing technology that is held accountable for all
wastes produced; note that, the cost of the waste is accounted for in capital cost. Nuclear power
accumulates relatively minimal amounts of nuclear waste in volume as compared to fossil fuel
generation that produces a large amount of waste and greenhouse gas emissions. The nuclear fuel
waste produced is in part used as an energy source for a fast breeder reactor while the burners' waste
is fully disposed through waste management processes.
Mining and Milling
As part of the process of mining uranium; fine sandy tailings are produced; such materials
encompass all the natural radioactive materials in the uranium ore. The tailings are placed in
engineered tailings dams where they are enclosed with a coat of clay and rock to prevent escape of
radon gas and guarantee durability. The tailings material will be enclosed with water and eventually
the tailings holds approximately 75% of the radioactivity of the original ore. This process described
above is not designated as radioactive waste as stated by the world nuclear association.
Conversion, enrichment, fuel fabrication
The conversion, enrichment and fuel fabrication process includes Uranium Oxide from mining
minerals known as "yellowcake' (U3O8). The yellowcake is stated as being minimally radioactive.
Once the uranium Oxide is refined, it is converted into Uranium Hexafluoride gas (UF6). As
Uranium Hexafluoride

Nuclear Engineering
Nuclear engineering is the practical application of the breakdown of atomic nuclei and/or other sub–
atomic physics, based on the principles of nuclear physics. It includes, but is not limited to, the
interaction and maintenance of nuclear fission systems and components— specifically, nuclear
reactors, nuclear power plants, and/or nuclear weapons. The field may also include the study of
nuclear fusion, medical and other applications of (generally ionizing) radiation, nuclear safety,
heat/thermodynamics transport, nuclear fuel and/or other related (e.g., waste disposal) technology,
nuclear proliferation, and the effect of radioactive waste or radioactivity in the environment.
Contents [hide]
1 Typical Training
1.1 College preparation ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The research at ITER will primarily focus on instabilities and diverter design refinement.
Researchers in the USA are also building an inertial confinement experiment called the National
Ignition Facility or NIF. NIF will be used to refine neutron transport calculations for the US
stockpile stewardship initiative.
NIF (National Ignition Facility) target chamber
ITER Tokamak Proposed Design
[edit] Nuclear Medicine and Medical Physics
An important field is nuclear medicine. From x–ray machines to MRI to PET,among many others,
nuclear medicine provides most of modern medicine's diagnostic capability along with providing
many treatment options.
X–Ray Image of a male skull
Magnetic Resonance Imaging scan of a head
PET taken with an ECAT Exact HR+ PET Scanner
[edit] Nuclear Materials and Nuclear Fuels
Nuclear materials research focuses on two main subject areas, nuclear fuels and irradiation–induced
modification of materials. Improvement of nuclear fuels is crucial for obtaining increased efficiency
from nuclear reactors. Irradiation effects studies have many purposes, from studying structural

changes to reactor components to studying nano–modification of metals and semiconductors using
ion–beams or particle accelerators.
Uranium ore, the principal raw material of nuclear fuel
Nuclear fuel pellets
A Focused ion beam
[edit] Radiation Measurements and Imaging
Nuclear engineers

Vincent A Rago Research Paper
Alessandro Rago gazed off into the horizon, on his rural farm in the mountains of southern Italy,
which had been untouched by the new industrious technologies. These changes had not yet climbed
their way into these treacherous mountains, a season of failed crops would likely kill off many of the
village, for the people were already impoverish. However, there was hope of a new life, a land of
unknown, but growing opportunity, America. Alessandro moved to Chicago, where he made a new
life for himself and his family. Starting with a farmer looking for a chance in the new world, the
generations that have come before me have shaped a family history that I can be proud of
continuing. The 1800's was a time of great growth for countries in Europe, ... Show more content on
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As a young boy he grew up in Chicago, until the family moved to Palo Alto, and then back. By the
time Vincent was in middle school, his father had gone through a divorce and they had moved to
Boston. This is where my father went to middle and high school. From a young age Vincent had
been exposed to technology, when his father brought home exclusive prototypes and the dinner table
conversations with his step–mother often involved programming. It was no surprise when Vincent
was accepted into Carnegie Mellon University and graduated in 1987 with an equivalent to a
modern computer sciences degree. During his time in school he met my mother who was attending a
nearby nursing school, shortly after graduating the two were married in 1988. Together they moved
to Somerville, New Jersey where my dad worked for AT&T. In 1991 they moved back to Pittsburgh
because it was cheaper, here my dad began work at Mellon Bank. In 1995 my father became
involved in a startup and left Mellon Bank to concentrate his work in one place. This company,
FreeMarkets, hired Vincent as Director of Technical Development however, he quickly made his
way up as the company grew. Eventually he was running his own projects as Senior Technology
Executive. During his time at FreeMarkets he led the development of a real time online interactive
auction technology for industrial purchasing. After successfully helping to launch the company

The Effects Of Radioactive Decay On The World
Thorium has long been the subject of scientific research ever since its discovery, and now it appears
that this obscure element may be the energy source which could fuel humanity for generations to
come. While thorium has a complicated history, the element remains very important to humanity for
many reasons. Discovered about the same time as uranium in the 19th century, thorium has been
well known to the scientific community for many years (World Nuclear Association). In fact,
famous scientists like Marie Curie and Ernest Rutherford worked with the element in several
experiments when radioactive decay was first being discovered. Since that time, however, thorium
has largely been thrown by the wayside for use in practical applications such as energy production
in favor of neighboring elements uranium and plutonium. Things are starting to turn around for
thorium though, as people are beginning to realize that thorium power offers cleaner, more
powerful, and safer energy than anything humanity has ever known before, and they are beginning
to take action to make thorium more widely known as an important prospective energy source. Fig.
1. Thorium Element. Digital image. Periodictable.com. Periodictable.com. Web. 15 May 2016 Fig.
2. Karolewski, Lucasz. Thorium Lantern Mantle. Digital image. Wikipedia. Wikipedia, 28 Jan.
2014. Web. 15 May 2016 Thorium is a silvery radioactive metal which was discovered in 1828 and
is relatively common in nature (see fig. 1) (World Nuclear

Corporate Restructuring at L&T
A CASE STUDY ON CORPORATE RESTRUCTURING IN L&T
SUBMITTED BY:
GROUP 1
ANSHU KUMARI (60011)
ABHIJEET SINHA (60001)
AMBUDHEESH PARASAR (60005)
ABHISHEK CHOUDHARY (60002)
AMRIT RAJ (60006)
HIMANI SINGHAL (60016)
IN THE COURSE OF COST ACCOUNTING DURING TRIMESTER 2 IN THE ACADEMIC
BATCH OF 2013–15, CIMP
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF DR. ASHISH VARMA
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The light of a matchstick can never be a match for sunlight. In the similar fashion, it was not
possible for our group to complete the project on our own.
First of all, we would like to extend our gratitude to DR. Ashish Varma .we were fortunate that he
considered us to be good enough to carry on with this project. It was his valuable suggestion,
constant help and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It now had the ambitions to create a niche in this sector and completely remove any competitions
that it faced.
Key highlights of the company in 2012: * L&T reported a revenue of Rs.62724.2 Crore. *
L&T Group has 152 lines of business clubbed into 63 SBUs. * Engineering and Construction
make up for 85 percent of its business. * 5 of 8 L&T executive directors were set to retire by
the end of 2013.
4. RESTRUCTURING
Restructuring become one of the major buzzword in 1980's and 1990's, which means "getting lean
and streamlined". One of the basic purpose of the organization to get restructured is to improve its
managerial efficiency and efficacy, getting updated with new technologies and restoring
International competitiveness.

4.1 What is the purpose of restructuring? One of the basic purpose of restructuring for a company is
to improve its managerial efficiency and efficacy. Sometimes companies grows in size and scope,
and it become very difficult to manage such a huge company under one umbrella. So the companies
goes for restructuring. Companies also go for restructuring in order to keep themselves updated with
new technologies. In a today's changing environment the only

Radioactive Boy Book Report
The Radioactive Boy Scout Introduction David Hahn was a Michigan schoolboy who set about
trying to build a fast breeder reactor in his garden shed. Having educated himself by reading Popular
Mechanics and the Golden Book of Chemistry Experiments, he wrote off as a certain Professor
Hahn for technical advice and help in obtaining radioactive materials. What he could not get from
laboratory suppliers, universities, hospitals and nuclear agencies, he made himself. and how he was
fascinated by science. While David was working on his "Atomic Energy" badge for Boy Scouts, his
attention soon turned to nuclear energy. As you read on in the book you will soon begin to learn that
David was really big into blowing things up and trying to make new chemicals; ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
He knew little of the multiple setbacks suffered by the nuclear industry, nor did he know the breeder
reactor was full all purposes. Putting one and one together he finally figured that he could now find
the components needed to make a model breeder reactor. He already had the thorium but he needed
the neutrons to bombard the thorium. If he could create enough uranium he would probably be able
to pull of this feature, "I was pretty amazed when I saw the checkerboard drawing" David said. Id
course there were a few other small problems that needed to be worked out in order to get an
explosion but there was no point in being negative, he would get to the problems when the arive.
Conclusion The Radioactive Boy Scout was an interesting book about a kid who developed his love
for science over the years. Ever since he was little he was always trying to mix things up to get an
explosion. The older he got the bigger and better the explosions got; they got so bad one day that the
cops got involved and took him to jail for injuring so many people. This just states that science can
be used in a good way sometimes but if you do use it in the wrong ways it can end up hurting a lot
of people and could possibly cause you to go to

Speech Outline On Nuclear And Mechanical Engineering
LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL
December 12, 2014
To: Angeline Underwood
From: Yakob Kassa
Communications 1101
Baccalaureate of Science in Nuclear and Mechanical Engineering
Idaho State University
Re: Submission of persuasive speech outline
The speech outline has been done following the sample outline for persuasive speech in principles
of speech course supplement book on page 147 and implementing the persuasive skeleton outline
format on page 146. The table of content will help navigate through the outline if you click on the
desired section.
Regards,
Yakob Kassa
Table of Contents
Attention Step 3
Problem/Need Step 4
Solution/Satisfaction Step 5
Visualization Step 6
Conclusion Step 7
Work Cited 8
Audience Analysis 8
Audience Concerns 8 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
II. [Credibility] Growing up as kid, I never thought that the world we live in was ever going to
change.
A. Then, once I started going to college, I was immediately exposed to the danger that our world
faces due to the effect of global warming caused by the use of coal power plants.
B. With the knowledge I gained from my classes and from my work experience at a nuclear power
plant, as well as the research I have done for this speech, I am aware of the immediate attention that
global warming requires and how the use of nuclear power to produce electricity is more preferable
than coal power plants.
C. I will be graduating with Bachelor of Science in Nuclear and Mechanical Engineering on May
2015 and then I will start working at Palo Verde Nuclear Generating Station on June 2015.

III. [Topic Justification] The probability of you or someone you know to use electricity on a daily
basis is very high.
A. Electricity is used by many people for different purposes that can range from as simple as
charging a phone to as complicated as flying planes.
B. My audience survey revealed that 100% of the people who took the survey agreed that we need
clean energy source to produce electricity.
C. Most people have little knowledge about nuclear power and how it can help reduce the increasing
rate of global warming and how safe it is compared to other energy sources.
IV. [Preview] Today I want to persuade you to support the use of

How Did The Atomic Bomb Affect Society
On the 6th August 1945 the Enola Gay, a USA warplane, dropped an atomic bomb (called the "Little
Boy") on a Japanese city called Hiroshima. This was the first time the atomic bomb was used in war.
The bomb exploded at around 580 m above the ground with the equivalent power of 15 kilotons of
TNT. Sixty six thousand people died instantly from the heat and impact of the bomb. Three days
later, on the 9th August, the US decided to drop a second and bigger atomic bomb (called the "Fat
Man"), on the Japanese city of Nagasaki. The "Fat Man" had an equivalent power of 20 kilotons of
TNT, causing more than fourthly thousand deaths. The dropping of the bombs, which was on the
order of the US President Harry Truman, remains the only nuclear attack ... Show more content on
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Japan surrendered 5 days later signaling the end of the war. It also changed how the military
operated, affected Japan's land and people and increased our knowledge on science and technology.
The dropping of the atomic bombs changed warfare forever. Initially during the Manhattan Project,
which was the codename for the American project to develop of nuclear weapons, and the testing of
the bomb in New Mexico, the Americans not realise the impact it would have on the world. They
knew the bomb would end the war, but the priority was to be the first to develop this powerful
weapon; before the Germans or Japanese. The use of the bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki resulted
in a much bigger impact than expected. Apart from the surrender of the Japanese, deaths and
devastation, these events caused fear in other countries. Suddenly the USA had a weapon that could
destroy the world over and over again. Other countries joined in the race to also own their own
atomic bomb. The USSR and USA started to build even more destructive bombs such as the Tzar
Bomba, which was made by the soviets. "The bombs caused not only counties to fear them but also
the solders because of this fact they started to places in law's about nuclear weapon uses,

Nuclear Reactors : A Nuclear Reactor
Nuclear Reactors What is a nuclear reactor? Nuclear reactors were formerly known as an atomic
pile, it is a contraption used to initiate and control a sustained nuclear chain reaction. Nuclear
reactors are utilized at nuclear power plants in order to engender electricity and propulsion of ships.
They provide about one–fifth of the United States electricity. There are actually 61 operating nuclear
reactor power plants in the United States. There are 99 nuclear reactors in 30 states in the United
States. Records show the Palo Verde power plant in Arizona has three reactors and had the largest
combined net summer generating capacity of 3,937 megawatts in 2014. Fort Calhoun in Nebraska
with a single reactor had the smallest net summer capacity at 479 megawatts in 2014. Three nuclear
power plants with four reactors have been taken out of service in 2013. The Crystal River power
plant in Florida with one reactor in February; the Kewaunee power plant in Wisconsin with one
reactor in April; and the San Onofre power plant in California with two reactors in June. ( EIA 2016)
Nuclear reactors are designed to maintain a chain reaction engendering a steady fold of neutrons
engendered by the fission of heftily ponderous nuclei. They are differentiated either by their purport
or by their design features. The two types of reactors are research reactors, and power reactors.
Research reactors are operated at universities and research centers in many countries, even those
where no nuclear

One Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World...
E SSAYS ON TWENTIETH–C ENTURY H ISTORY In the series Critical Perspectives on the
Past, edited by Susan Porter Benson, Stephen Brier, and Roy Rosenzweig Also in this series: Paula
Hamilton and Linda Shopes, eds., Oral History and Public Memories Tiffany Ruby Patterson, Zora
Neale Hurston and a History of Southern Life Lisa M. Fine, The Story of Reo Joe: Work, Kin, and
Community in Autotown, U.S.A. Van Gosse and Richard Moser, eds., The World the Sixties Made:
Politics and Culture in Recent America Joanne Meyerowitz, ed., History and September 11th John
McMillian and Paul Buhle, eds., The New Left Revisited David M. Scobey, Empire City: The
Making and Meaning of the New York City Landscape Gerda Lerner, Fireweed: A ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The beginnings and ends of what we choose to call centuries are almost invariably years of little
significance. But there is little agreement over when the twentieth century c.e. arrived, and there
were several points both before the year 2000 (the collapse of the Soviet Union, the reunification of
Germany, the surge of globalization from the mid–1990s) and afterward (9/11, or the global
recession of 2008) when one could quite plausibly argue that a new era had begun. A compelling
case can be made for viewing the decades of the global scramble for colonies after 1870 as a
predictable culmination of the long nineteenth century, which was ushered in by the industrial and
political revolutions of the late 1700s. But at the same time, without serious attention to the
processes and misguided policies that led to decades of agrarian and industrial depression from the
late 1860s to the 1890s, as well as the social tensions and political rivalries that generated and were
in turn fed by imperialist expansionism, one cannot begin to comprehend the causes and
consequences of the Great War that began in 1914. That conflict determined the contours of the
twentieth century in myriad ways. On the one hand, the war set in motion transformative processes
that were clearly major departures from those that defined the nineteenth–century world order. On
the other, it perversely unleashed forces

The Function Of A Modern Nuclear Power Device And Its Process
THORIUM REACTORS
Lachlan Milligan
Contents Page
Page 1: Contents page
Page 2–4: Explain the function of a modern nuclear power device and its process
Page 4: How is the process currently being used to further scientific understanding
Page 5: History and development
Page 6: Graphic Timeline
Page 7: Nuclear equation and energy calculations
Page 8–9: References and bibliography
Part 1: Explain the function of a modern nuclear power device and process
The Liquid Fluoride Thorium Reactor (LFTR) is a type of molten salt reactor which will generate
electrical power through nuclear fission. LFTR's are a hypothetical and innovative solution to the
future of power production which are a viable replacement of the current flawed uranium reactors.
Using LFRS's as a nuclear energy source poses a number of advantages for the long run and short
term. Many countries such as China and India are currently heading towards LFTR's as a main
source of energy. The LFTR offers unparalleled safety features in contrast to other conventional
nuclear reactors, ensuring that incidents such as Fukushima will never occur again. Thorium, which
is the element used to fuel LFTR's, is three times more abundant than uranium (World Nuclear,
2015). LFTR waste is also less biologically harmful as it emits alpha particles compared to
conventional uranium reactors which emits gamma particles. The radiotoxicity of waste across
nuclear power production methods can be seen in

How Did The Soviet Union Develop A Command Economy
The industrial expansion of the Soviet Union resulted in one of the greatest economic growths for a
single country that the modern world has ever seen. This economic growth ultimately led to the
USSR becoming one of the world's only two superpowers in the post–WWII era. Much of the
country's economic growth occurred because of the USSR's use of a command economy, which is
"an economy in which production, investment, prices, and incomes are determined centrally by a
government" [1]. Using a command economy, the USSR was able to force industrialization in
certain sectors in which pre–Soviet Russia highly struggled. One of these sectors was the Nuclear
Power sector. Ultimately, Soviet successes in the nuclear power industry were highly evident ...
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First, as mentioned above, failure to mention reactors design flaws led to distrust in the
infrastructure of the Soviet Union. While many scientists and researchers such as Valeri Legasov
had noticed that there were issues with the reactors design prior to the disaster, and mentioned so in
personal journals, the discovery of their failure to speak up lead to the questioning of Soviet
leadership [5]. Additionally, these issues became worse upon the discovery of KGB classified
documents that discussed various issues with the construction of the Chernobyl plant between 1971
and 1988 [7]. These compounding issues identified flaws

Nuclear Decay And Nuclear Energy
Nuclear power is the use of nuclear reactors to release nuclear energy, and thereby generate
electricity. The term includes nuclear fission, nuclear decay and nuclear fusion. Presently, the
nuclear fission of elements in the actinide series of the periodic table produce the vast majority of
nuclear energy in the direct service of humankind, with nuclear decay processes, primarily in the
form of geothermal energy, and radioisotope thermoelectric generators, in niche uses making up the
rest. Nuclear power stations, excluding the contribution from naval nuclear fission reactors,
provided 13% of the world 's electricity in 2012. The share of the world 's primary energy supply,
which refers to the heat production without the conversion efficiency of about 33%, was about
5.7%. Its share of the global final energy consumption is below 2.5%.
In 2013, the IAEA report that there are 437 operational nuclear power reactors, in 31 countries,
although not every reactor is producing electricity. In addition, there are approximately 140 naval
vessels using nuclear propulsion in operation, powered by some 180 reactors. As of 2013, attaining a
net energy gain from sustained nuclear fusion reactions, excluding natural fusion power sources
such as the Sun, remains an ongoing area of international physics and engineering research. More
than 60 years after the first attempts, commercial fusion power production remains unlikely before
2050.
There is an ongoing debate about nuclear power.

Plutonium Research Paper
The atomic number of plutonium is 94. Its mass number is 244 u. It has a density of 19.86 g/cm3.
The melting point of the element is 1,183°F (639.4°C); and its boiling point is 5,849°F (3,232°C).
The phase it's in at room temperature is solid. Plutonium is also a conductor. Glenn T. Seaborg,
Joseph W. Kennedy, Edwin McMillan, and Arthur Wahl discovered it in 1940. Some of its common
compounds are plutonium dioxide, plutonium carbide, plutonium dicarbide, diplutonium tricarbide,
plutonium trifluoride, plutonium tetrafluoride, and plutonium nitrates. Plutonium dioxide is a
mixture with uranium dioxide (UO2) for use as reactor fuel. Plutonium dioxide, plutonium
dicarbide, and diplutonium tricarbide can potentially be used as fuel in breeder reactors. Plutonium
trifluoride and plutonium tetrafluoride are compounds in the production of plutonium metal.
Plutonium nitrates have no use, but are products of reprocessing. ... Show more content on
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If too much plutonium is accumulated, it can cause a chemical reaction, which would be
catastrophic. Even in a strong, stable environment, the element will heat itself up and inevitably
break through the barrier if there's too much put together. The shape of what it's confined in is also
important. Shapes similar to spheres are most

Questions On The Republic Of Marshall Islands And India Essay
3.2. Dated 19.05.2015 [10] The Order (Dated 16.06. 2015), had fixed the time–limit for filing of the
Pleadings on jurisdictional question to 16.12.2014 and 16.06.2015, for the Republic of Marshall
Islands and India, respectively. The Republic of Marshall Islands had submitted it within the limit.
Whereas, by a letter dated 05.05.2015 and received in the registry on 06.05.2015, Mr. Amandeep
Singh Gill, Co–Agent of India, held that for the reasons so specified the Co–Agent on behalf of the
Government of India requests a Three–Month extension, beyond 16.06.2015. The Court further
stated that the permission cannot be granted without the consent from the Government of The
Republic of The Marshall Islands. Therefore, By a letter dated 08.05.2015 (received in the registry
on the same day), Mr. Phon van den Biesen, Co–Agent of the Marshall Islands stated that they had
no objection if India wants the extension and the same can be granted for the submission of the
Counter–Memorial. Considering the views of both the parties, The International Court of Justice
granted the extension until 16.09.2015 and the copy of the same was given to both the Countries
(i.e., The Republic of Marshall Islands and The Republic of India). The court further contends to
reserve subsequent procedure for further decision. The order passed by the Bench, S. No.
Authorities Designation 1. Mr. ABRAHAM The President. 2. Mr. YUSUF The Vice President 3. Mr.
OWADA Mr. GREENWOOD Mr. XUE Mr. DONOGHUE Mr. GAJA

Replacement of Fossil Fuels with Nuclear Energy for...
Replacement of Fossil Fuels with Nuclear Energy for Electricity
ABSTRACT
Our nation is on the brink of an energy crisis and alternative means to produce electricity must be
found. Fossil fuel resources are declining sharply and nuclear energy is the leading form of
replacement. Our research shows that the advantages to this new energy source are extraordinary
and that there are many ways to minimize its negative aspects. Due to the overwhelming
advantages, we have concluded that nuclear energy is indeed the best solution to the nation's energy
crisis and with more advanced research and technology any future problems can be solved.
INTRODUCTION
The effects on the United States would be enormous if nuclear energy was to ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
However, it seems
Nuclear Energy for Electricity 3 that with increased research and experimentation the downsides of
nuclear energy could be minimized to such an extent that in the future all electricity could be
produced though nuclear turbines.
RESULTS/DISCUSSION
There are many advantages associated with the usage of nuclear energy for electricity. While nuclear
energy may seem like an expensive replacement for fossil fuels, in the long run it will cost no more
than coal. Though the construction of nuclear power plants is far more expensive and time
consuming than that of coal burning plants, the cost of actually running nuclear plants is far less. In
the following years the total budget will even out to equal that of coal plants. The construction costs
of nuclear plants comes out to be approximately two to six billion dollars (Nuclear energy in the
United States, 2003) but according to studies by NEI the average production costs of nuclear energy
have been decreasing in the past decade. In 1987 the price was at 3.63 cents per kilowatt–hour but
by 2004 the cost had come down to 1.68 cents per kilowatt–hour (Nuclear energy and the
environment, February 2005). This low price is not subject to fluctuations as it is not dependent
upon foreign politics.
While both coal and nuclear energy cost about the same in the long run, nuclear energy is devoid of
the

The Function Of A Modern Nuclear Power Device And Process
Part 1: Explain the function of a modern nuclear power device and process
The liquid fluoride thorium reactor (LFTR) is a type of molten salt reactor which will generate
electrical power. LFTR's are a hypothetical and innovative solution to the future of power
production which are a viable replacement of the current flawed uranium reactors.
Thorium is three times more abundant than uranium (World Nuclear, 2015) which can be used 200
times more efficient than current uranium usage. Thorium also emits alpha particles which is less
biologically harmful compared to uranium which emits gamma particles. The radiotoxicity of waste
across power production methods can be seen in source 1. The capital costs of thorium reactors are
also lower than conventional nuclear reactors; a 1 gigawatt (GW) thorium power plant costs at an
estimated $780 million in comparison to capital costs currently of $1.1 billion per GW for a uranium
fuelled reactor.
The most prominent nuclear reactors used for electricity generation operate on the uranium fuel
cycle. The fuel used in nuclear reactors is composed two primary isotopes: uranium–235 (235U) and
uranium–238 (238U). 235U is a fissile isotope of uranium, while 238U is a fertile isotope. Once
238U is hit by a neutron, it will go through radioactive decay and become 239Pu (plutonium– 239),
which is fissile. Only 0.7% of naturally occurring uranium is 235U where the vast majority is 238U.
Thus, most nuclear reactors use a design where 3–4% of the

Nuclear Power Argumentative Essay
The disastrous meltdowns that cause whole cities to become uninhabitable, as well as leaving
families homeless and laborers without jobs, have defined the negative perspective of what people
see in nuclear power. However, even after such catastrophes, the pure raw energy output makes
nuclear power essential for the future of the human race. As time passes, the world's energy usage
has grown an increasingly massive size every year due to the consumption swell of energy. Despite
nuclear plants being a heavily controversial topic internationally, its advantages are very well
recognized and it's causing nuclear plants to slowly become the basis of our growing society. The
chemical process of nuclear plants, unlike many speculations, is rather effective and
environmentally cleaner ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Wind and Solar" in which they go in depth on why the disposing of toxic carbon fuels and replacing
with any other form of energy is detrimental to society. In their own words, "Whatever we decide,
we need to make up our minds and fast. Carbon fuels are killing us, and killing the planet as well.
And good planets are hard to come by" (Conley and Maloney). The topic of carbon fuels is a rising
concern for many people. The burning of these fossil fuels is causing irreversible impacts on many
things from our environments to our health. Throughout the years there have been many studies that
have shown how the carbon fuels have distorted our health, all the way from something simple like
asthma to severe heart problems and possibly premature death. Amongst all this, it's making global
warming rise at an alarming rate causing organisms like mosquitoes that carry diseases be able to
roam at a larger extent. If we were to reduce our carbon fuel with something else like nuclear power,
it would save thousands of lives and slowly take us out of the risks we suffer from carbon

Why I Support Nuclear Power, Even After Fukushima
Why I Support Nuclear Power, Even After Fukushima In "Why I Still Support Nuclear Power, Even
After Fukushima" writer William Tucker argues that even though Nuclear power is dangerous and
risky compared to coal, natural gas, hydro, wind and solar energy, its more powerful and efficient
than any other energy resource. There have been incidents like Fukushima where nuclear power
caused destruction, but it doesn't mean we should stop using it. There have been multiple incidents
caused by coal mining and natural gas that has been deadly, but they are still being produced and
used. Then why is nuclear power being avoided. Energy produced by hydro, wind and solar sources
needs too much space in order to create large volume of energy.

Pros And Cons Of Nuclear Fission
Is Nuclear Fission a Viable Alternative to Fossil Fuels as a Power Source For Australia?
Australia has developed something of an allergic reaction to any mention of uranium or nuclear
energy. With fears of its safety and impact on the environment again heightened by the devastating
nuclear event that was the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster. Blessed as we are with abundant
reserves of coal, oil and gas, we have never had to ask the hard questions many other nations have
had to ask – the answer for which has been 'nuclear'. Yet with the looming spectre of climate change
and greater calls for a shift away from fossil fuels, nuclear power is once again on the agenda. The
South Australian government has even called for a royal commission to investigate the plausibility
of nuclear power in this country (Wroe). ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Atoms such as 235U (uranium), 233U and 239Pu (plutonium) can be forced to undergo nuclear
fission when they absorb (capture) slow neutrons. Slow neutrons, sometimes called 'thermal'
neutrons because they have energies usually associated with energies of hot gases, can be captured
by nuclei. These neutrons have energies typically about 0.03eV or 5 * 10–20 Joules. With this
kinetic energy they have speeds of approximately 20000ms–1.
Because the neutrons have no charge, they can enter a nucleus without any coulombic repulsion and
once in the nucleus fission occurs.
A typical induced (forced) fission of 235U by a neutron can be represented as shown in figure

Nuclearization In South Asia

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