The Political Terms Left And Right Were Devised During The...

The Political Terms Left And Right Were Devised During The...
The political terms left and right were devised during the French revolution to describe the seating
arrangement in the British parliament. Those who sat on the left were generally opposed the
monarchy and supported the revolutions, while those on the right supported the traditional
institutions of the British Empire. It was during the nineteen century that the word wing began
following the term left and right, usually with weary intent. Those considered left–wing were
unorthodox in their religious or political view
A radical ideology of the left is defined as political positions or activities that accepts or supports
social equality, often in opposition to social hierarchy and social inequality. Often those of left wing
ideology involve in concern for those in society who are perceived at a disadvantage relative to
others and a belief that there are unjustified inequalities that need to be reduced or abolished. They
propose a view of human beings living together harmoniously without great disparities in wealth or
social classes. On the other hand, those of the right–wing radical ideology are political positions or
activities that view some forms of social inequality as either inevitable, natural, normal or desirable
and typically defend this position based on natural law, economics or traditions.
On radical ideology that might take place in the United States is capitalism. The capitalist theory
isn't a new one, rather it has been a part of the economic industries around the
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Political Geography And Corporate Political Strategy
Political geography and corporate political strategy of Murad Antia, Incheol Kim and Christos
Pantzalis discusses the implication of corporate lobbying. This article studies the purpose of
corporate lobbying, who uses corporate lobbying and the implication of corporate lobbying based on
the constant changes in the political map (mid–term and presidential elections). Political geography
and corporate political strategy also examines "the relationship between political geography and
corporate political strategy as measured by lobbying expenditures". M. Antia, I. Kim and C.
Pantzalis found that firms tend to increase lobbying expenditures when a shift in the political map
puts them further away from the president, in other terms, companies tend to increase lobbying
intensity when they lose access to political power. They also found that the primary goal of lobbying
is to build political capital to take advantage of short–term opportunities. And finally, they identified
that when their ties to the center of political power diminish, increasing lobbying intensity can
increase valuation. This article discusses why firms engaged in corporate lobbying and how firms
engaged in corporate lobbying tend to out–perform non–lobbying firms.
Previous articles from (Ansolabehere et al., 2003; Durden et al., 1991; Kroszner and Stratmann,
1998; Langbein and Lotwis, 1990; Stratmann, 1991, 1995, 1998) concentrate on the influence that
non–politician participants might have on the political

Special Interest
Define an interest group with examples. Interest group – usually a voluntary organization where
members share a common interest in which they seek to influence public policy, without seeking
political control. They have primary activities such as lobbying the members of the legislative
bodies through contributions to political parties, trying to elect sympathetic or pliable politicians,
and by conducting covert or open propaganda campaigns. (Interest Groups, n.d.) There are a few
different types of interest groups and they are as follows:
Economic Interest Groups This is the largest category that includes organizations that represent big
businesses, such as the U.S. Chamber of Commerce and the National Association of Manufacturers
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(1) They seek to win elections or electoral positions; (2) they reorganize around those periodic
elections and then may become less active, and (3) they depend on the local mobilization of voters
who support political candidates but not necessarily the party organization. Interest groups are more
issue oriented, are continuously maintained, and are dependent on supporters who identify with their
organization. (Browne, n.d.) One thing that differentiates political parties from interest groups arises
from the nature of the political system in which they operate and from the various electoral rules and
structures that exist in different countries. In corporatist societies, interest groups may be invited to
participate in government decisions to the exclusion of competitor interests. In parliamentary
system, a party may have a narrow base and may try to win only a small number of legislative seats.
(Browne, n.d.)
Explain how interest groups try to influence the president and Congress as these two branches work
together to make policy. Trying to persuade government officials through direct inside contact is
called the inside game. Lobbying is another term for inside game. Lobbyists normally work for a
specific interest group, corporation, or law firm that specializes in professional lobbying. (Interest
Groups, 2012) Lobbying originates from the way interest groups played the inside games in the
nineteenth

Mid Term Exam: Political Sciences
Mid Term Exam (A0109493Y)
Part A Q1. The top 4 key stakeholders are as follows:
1. Businesses/ Employers in City Z
The main interest of businesses/ employers in city Z is to gain profits for owners/ shareholders.
Regarding the issue of wage increase, they will tend to raise an objection because the policy will
create an extra cost to their businesses and go against their interests to have more profit. They have a
strong political influence because they provide jobs in the city and move the local economy. For big
business companies, they may use their resources to influence lawmakers or media to go against the
policy.
2. Employee in City Z
For employees/ workers in city Z, they have strong interest to raise their welfare. Therefore, they
will prefer to support the policy. Employees have a strong political influence because usually they
form the majority of residents in the city and they are the dominant voters during the general
election. However, there may be a setback of support if minimum wage increase's policy results in
massive lay off of employees.
3. Labor Organizations
Labor organizations have the interest to improve the welfare of labors in the city. They may have
some power to influence the political climate in the city but it will depend on the amount of labors
under their organization and how good they can organize the labors. They can use formal and
informal instruments to support or oppose the policy. For example, they can participate in the formal
meeting

Fuller's Views On Women In Government
Fuller's works encouraged women to develop their intellectual capacities. Understanding that a
government that included women was inherently beneficial, she takes a more optimistic approach.
Viewing gender in terms of complimentary; men & women are different in limited but important
ways: different roles, responsibilities. Each sex needs each other & are dependent and gender helps
tie society together. So we see throughout these themes, a government that chooses not to include
women is not reflective of a republican. If it were it would suggests that every individual is capable
of discovering this higher truth through intuition and representation. Some people may argue if there
is even a relationship between the intent and the republican ... Show more content on
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Jefferson blamed continuation of slave trade on British king and in agreement with the others choose
to not include it in the declaration for the sake of appeasement. While the North played the fence (at
this point, they were not morally against it, but not for it either) Southern life was based on the
institution of slavery. So to avoid the tackling the topic of slavery, they left out slavery. It's not right,
but they needed to get the support of the lower classes, and this was very important because the
colonies needed to put up a united front against Britain. Additionally, we can draw parallels to how
Adams responded to Abigail. Again these decisions not out of hierarchy but for the sake of the
foundation of the United States. Overall, although some people think that a government that
excludes women anti republican others understand that the Declaration ignored communities for the
greater good of the country. The Founding Fathers believed men are fallen and God is the only
source of good and the ability for men to rise above their fallen state. Good government can be
achieved by recognizing the good and the bad in men and devising a system of

Differences Between Diversity And Conflict
2017 SEC 4 IH–ESSAY
Tan Ming Shiuan(22) Sec 403 Diversity – as defined by racial, religious, or linguistic differences in
the people, exists in many nation states today. In a diverse society, it is inevitable that different
cultures, practices, interests and opinions will exist. This may pose as a great risk if equity and
inclusiveness of the different interests are not achieved in the society, whereby tension amongst the
people will arise due to an imbalance in different communities' rights and opportunities. If this
tension is not resolved and allowed to cultivate, the probability of conflict happening will increase.
In this case, the society has become extremely vulnerable to serious disagreements which may be
sparked very easily considering the underlying tension which exists. This is known as conflict.
However, if measures are taken by the government of the nation state to mitigate such risks of
tension and conflict, peace and harmony can also be achieved in a diverse society. In this essay, I
will be studying the case studies of Sri Lanka and Singapore in evaluating the deciding factors
which ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In addressing the trends between diversity and conflict, strategies to good governance in which
harmony and peace within a diverse society is present may be discovered, which, if applied by
diverse nation states, will

The Argument Of Elitism Vs. Pluralism
The question of "who get's what, and how" is the guiding concern presented in the general argument
of elitism vs. pluralism this week. The authors of the three key texts seem to each take a varying
approach to answering this question, with some offering more extreme answers than others. On the
most elitist extreme, Mills in The Power Elite (1956) provides a strong argument that the decisions
made in politics are the direct result of the actions of a highly selective group of individuals who do
not have the best interests of the mass public at heart. This elite is made up of (presumably) men
from the realms of business, military, and high–level politics. Socio–economic factors such as
income and social circle keep the elite in a position of power through their cumulative advantage.
The tight control over decisions and actions of importance that this elite has is legitimized by their
positions of legal, economic, and political importance. Mill further argues that the decision–making
structures most viewers would point to as the source of policy and political action are little more
than mid–level actors competing over petty decisions. Their ability to debate minor issues is
unimpeded, though the elite ensures that there is no serious challenge to their authority from this
mid–level. Further down on the power spectrum, Mill points to the apolitical masses, who exert no
real influence over the decision making system. While a segment of this population may exert their
right

The Influence of Pressure Groups on the Government Essay
The Influence of Pressure Groups on the Government
This essay will outline the significance to which pressure groups have an influence on government
and explain how they have fared under New Labour governments.
Whilst the term 'pressure groups' may be relatively new, the concept itself dates back as far as 1787.
The Society for Effecting the Abolition of the Slave Trade was led by William Wilberforce and
Thomas Clarkson and successfully campaigned for the abolition of the slave trade. (Jones, 2004,
p233)
Pressure groups are formed by a group of people who share a common interest or goal. The
intention of the group is to raise the profile or the cause and/or advance it. Unlike political ... Show
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Insider groups will regularly be consulted by the government. This consultative role is built up if a
group has demonstrated a number of features: Authority – the ability of the group to speak on behalf
of all of its members. Information – the group has expertise and information on a specific subject.
Compatibility – of the objectives with that of the government. Compatibility – of the groups
objectives with public sympathies. Track record – of giving good advice. Possession of powerful
sanctions – if a group has the ability to seriously affect society through withdrawal of their services
their interests may be viewed more sympathetically. (Jones, 2004, p239)
Governments recognise the usefulness of pressure groups as a valuable source of information and
expertise in helping them formulate policies. Governments will often consult with insider groups to
find out about problems with their current policies along with suggestions for how this could be
improved or to gauge negative feedback to new policies. By consulting the insider groups,
government can also lend legitimacy to the policy. This is referred to as policy networking. (Jones,
2004 p237)
In complete contrast to insiders groups, outsider groups have no direct access to the decision
makers, as they do not fulfil the criteria laid down previously.
With these distinctions is mind, it

Whistleblower: Protected Disclosure
Whistleblowers
What is the Whistleblowers Protection Act?
The Whistleblowers Protection Act 2001 ("the Act") supports the Government's commitment to the
principles of open, honest and accountable governance. It is designed to protect the public interest
by: exposing serious public sector wrongdoing; ensuring public organisations are responsible and
accountable; and protecting whistleblowers from detrimental action and protecting their privacy.
How do I become a whistleblower?
A whistleblower is any person who makes an allegation about improper conduct by staff of the
Department of Human Services or the Department of Health ("the departments") or funded agency.
Making a disclosure under the Act can be done either orally or in ... Show more content on
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What happens once the PDC determines that a protected disclosure has been made?
Once the PDC determines that a 'protected disclosure' has been made, the PDC must assess whether
it also constitutes a 'public interest disclosure.' In order for the PDC to be satisfied that a public
interest disclosure exists, the disclosure must show that a public body or public officer: has engaged,
is engaging or proposes to engage in improper conduct in their capacity as a public officer or public
body; or has taken, is taking or proposes to take detrimental action. If the PDC determines that a
'public interest disclosure' exists, the whistleblower will be notified of the decision and the
disclosure will be referred to the Ombudsman for
How CIIRu handles whistleblower complaints
Whistleblower complaint made
Is it a 'Protected Disclosure' under Part 2 of the Act?
No Yes
Need more information?
If you would like to make a Whistleblower complaint, please contact the Protected Disclosure
Coordinator on: 1300 131 431. Please note: Your call will go through to an automated answering
service and will only be recieved by the Protected Disclosure Coordinator. For further general
information on Whistleblowers consult: Manager CIIRu/Whistleblowers on (03) 9096 7312
Manager Fraud Control/Whistleblowers on (03)

American Exceptionalism: An Experiment In History
America is truly without a doubt seen as the land of opportunity. The way that America has evolved
from the beginning of it's time to now, is quite astounding. America went from a nation that held
slavery to a nation that fights for equality. Although many use the word exceptionalism in various
forms. Some say that exceptionalism is deemed as wonderful, others might say that it's a mission.
The concept of exceptionalism is seen as a great thing, one that many feel so patriotic about. While
those against American exceptionalism might argue that America is not its own, and is quite in fact
like the other nations before them. Even though for many the concept of American Exceptionalism
might vary, America for the most part has evolved since the beginning of it's time till now. And the
changes are quite evident. In the beginning pages of the book titled American Exceptionalism: An
Experiment in History by Charles Murray states that four million people from the thirteen colonies
going from New England to Georgia have separated themselves from Great Britain and have created
a new nation. Because of this, the unthinkable happened. No one in a million years thought that the
people from Great Britain would ever break away from their King. Upon this breaking away, the
founding fathers created a constitution, that fought for the rights of colonists, rights that they didn't
have under the rule of a monarchy. Because of this the founding fathers, fought so hard to make sure
that the

Globalization Is A Modern Term, Economic, And Political...
Many often hear the term, but do not quite know what it means. Globalization is a modern term that
is used to define a longstanding process. It is a process that basically connects people all over the
world, with people all over the world. More formally defined by National Geographic,
"globalization results in the expansion of international cultural, economic, and political activities. As
people, ideas, knowledge, and goods move more easily around the globe, the experiences of people
around the world become more similar." (2015) Globalization has allowed citizens from all walks to
life to achieve some form of communication with friends, family, and colleagues, all across the
globe. As we watch technology rapidly advance, this becomes easier and easier. Although this seems
like a positive position, it has actually opened up doors to situations that are progressively
problematic, such as Global Warming.
It is my understanding that Globalization started to rise in the nineteenth century thanks to the
Industrial Revolution and the need/spread of factories being built. These factories would produce
fossil fuels; "which are largely made up of hydrocarbons (molecules consisting of hydrogen and
carbon)." (The Guardian Newspaper, UK) These fossil fuels are assisting in the rise of temperature
as well as the rise of sea levels. Another issue is the increase in strength of the greenhouse effect. As
I have learned through class lectures, the fact that more and more carbon dioxide is

Participation Awards Bad
A belief is an acceptance or understanding that something thought or stated is true. Most people in
the world have a belief or a strong opinion about something in their lives. I have a strong belief
about various types of awards that can affect people in different ways. Awards are prizes given to
people who have achieved something great or been outstanding in an event. Awards can be given for
things such as: achievements in sports, obtaining a high grade point average in school, or even more
serious things like the Nobel Prize. Most often, awards are given to people who exceed expectations
and go above and beyond the requirements set before them. However, occasionally, awards can be
given to entire groups of people for participation alone, even when some of the people in those
groups do not deserve an award, which I strongly see as a negative thing. ... Show more content on
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I presume this because participation awards can cause a recipient feel entitled to be given a tangible
reward for simply being involved in an event without necessarily giving any effort or making
progress towards achieving a common goal with the rest of the person's group. Another reason why I
think participation awards are a bad thing is because the awards sometimes cause a person to not try
as hard as he or she can, keeping the person from reaching his or her full potential. The final reason
why I see participation awards as a bad thing is because they should hold no value to owners
because they are too common. Many different factors have influenced me to feel this way including:
personal experiences, my parents, and professional football player, James Harrison. Participation
awards are bad for society in many different ways, and many factors have shaped me to feel this

Essay On Political Polarization
According to the Merriam–Webster dictionary, Polarization is defined as the "division into two
opposites". (Merriam–Webster) Political Polarization refers to the perceived division of ideologies
espoused between the two major political parties in the United States. The topic of political
polarization is one frequently referenced in the media and in political discussions. Does political
polarization actually exist or is it a myth? In this paper, this question will be analyzed and examined
and a conclusion will be reached. In order to understand the concept of political polarization one
must first understand the meaning of ideology. Ideology is defined as "a manner or...content of
thinking characteristic of an individual, group, or culture."(Merriam–Webster) Voting based on ones
ideology is considered a rather recent phenomenon. Prior to the rise of ideological based voting,
candidates were selected and scrutinized based on their own personal attributes and characteristics
rather than their ideas. Prior to the 1970's, there was not a huge difference in ideology between the
Democratic Party and the Republican Party. For example, take for instance the House and Senate
votes on the passage of the Social Security Act in 1935. In this vote both Democrats and
Republicans were widely in support of its passage. (SSA) This is in stark contrast to today when
neither party can agree on the future of Social Security. Another example would be the passage of
the landmark Voting Rights Act

The Argument For Equal Representation Of Women In Politics
Politics is a world stage for decision making. With the lack of women presence and voice, men are
less likely to take into consideration rape, domestic violence, women's health care, and child care.
According to Rosa Linda T. Miranda, the decisions that are made. It is a fact that women make up
half of the world population. One of the simplest arguments for women representation in politics is
this cold hard fact. Why isn't there equal amount of men and women in these role, if they bot make
up 50% of the population? Each argument for equal representation of women in politics fall in to
one for three categories. The three types are formal, descriptive, and substantive representation
(Paxton and Hughes, 2014).
According to our Paxton and Hughes, this is the earliest and simplest formulation of equal
representation, in simple, women have the legal right (the same as men) to participate in politics.
Formal representation is important because it requires that any and all legal hurdles for women be
removed, so that they have the same opportunity as men (Paxton and Hughes, 2016). Formal
representation gives women the right to vote, the right to run for office, and the right to hold office.
Descriptive representation This type states that is women make up 50% of the population, then they
should also make up 50% of the legislative and executive bodies. If many of the positions have to be
held by women, this limits who can be voted in. While the idea of this type of representation

The Importance Of A Minority Government
When practiced correctly, a minority government can be an improvement on a single–party majority.
Instead of one party controlling government, minority governments allow for multi–party
governance, which promotes compromise between political parties. A minority government does not
hinder a governing party because it promotes accountability to the legislature, which allows a more
open and inclusive decision making process, that ultimately provides a Prime Minister a range of
important resources which allow an effective government.
Under a minority government, no one party dominates policymaking and legislative processes like a
single–party majority. In the Canadian parliamentary system, the principle of responsible
government requires the political executive to respond to criticism in the legislature (Thomas,
2007). In a complexity of potential cooperative agreements between opposition parties, the
governing party can maintain confidence. For example, in countries including Canada, contract
parliamentarism, where opposition parties agree to support the government in return for policy on
other concessions, is used (Akash et al., 2010, p. 216) . Parties are still able to retain discretion to
decide their own position on most matters. Therefore, parties work together in order to secure
minority agreements that often survive a full parliamentary term (Akash et al., p. 216). The minority
government must accept responsibility for actions taken by them to retain the "confidence"

The Founding Fathers Essay
If there is one thing all Americans can agree on, it is that the government is slow acting. Too slow
acting, almost like it doesn't do anything, and when it does something, its not the right thing. The
easiest answer to the problem of this inefficiency is to place blame on one person or branch of the
government, such as the President or Congress. However, what most Americans either do not
remember or do not know is that the government was designed to be inefficient. Contrary to popular
belief, the government is not meant to answer every complaint we have. The founding fathers were
classically liberal, meaning they believed that the American people should and would live their lives
how they desired, and the government would only interfere when one's actions were, as philosopher
John Stuart Mill described it, "other–regarding and harmful." Today, the vision of the founding
fathers is still strong in our political system, where its inefficiency is intended by design, and the
discontent seen today is due to the modern–day perspective of this deliberately inefficient
government. Having just broken the colonial bond to Great Britain, one of the main concerns of the
founding father was tyranny. As a way to prolong the process of passing any legislation that would
drastically change the country, the founding fathers created a system of government that separated
power between three branches in an attempt to prevent any potential dominance of any one branch.
This was done to create

How Interest Groups Have On Preserving The Environment
As previously discussed in the lectures and readings, there are many types of interest groups. For
example, chapter three describes the four types of interest groups which are associational,
institutional, non–associational, and anomic (Danziger, 72).While identifying various types of
interest groups, including their functions and constraints, this analysis will discuss the impact that
interest groups have on preserving the environment in Florida. A concluding discussion of the global
commons, which refers to the sharing of the earth's resources (McCoy, Problematique Lecture), will
be used to argue in defense that even though in times of crisis, humanitarian rights must always take
precedence over that of state sovereignty, which refers to the idea that each state has complete
authority and is the ultimate source if law within its own boundaries (Danziger,114). Interests
groups can be many things, such as a group of individuals who focus on preserving the culture of
something or the wellbeing of something. But when talking about that of Political Interest groups,
its definition is then changed into a group of people that share the common objective of attempting
to influence the allocation of public values. But such groups can use a variety of strategies to
achieve this purpose (Danzinger, 69). The difference between
Interest groups and political parties is that a political party, even though still an organization of
people which seeks to achieve goals common

The Real Independent Voter
The Real Independent Voter A notion exists that the "independent voter" is also an independent
thinker, researcher, and analyst – a voter not swayed by media and partisan politics; however, I
propose that while voters may be successfully categorized, neither independent nor partisan voters
are better informed than the other, this must be attributed individually and not categorically.
"Independent" is defined by the Oxford Dictionary as "not subject to authority or control; not
depending on another...for one's opinion; not belonging to or supported by a party" (Independent,
2002, p. 417). The problem with labelling a voter (or group of voters) with this term is that the label
is most often a self–designation that sometimes has little to do with that word actually implies.
Political analyst, Nate Silver, defines Independent voters in this manner:
1) People who are mainline Democrats or Republicans for all intents and purposes, but who reject
the formality of being labeled as such;
2) People who have a mix of conservative and liberal views that don't fit neatly onto the one–
dimensional political spectrum, such as libertarians;
3) People to the extreme left or the extreme right of the political spectrum, who consider the
Democratic and Republican parties to be equally contemptible;
4) People who are extremely disengaged from politics and who may not have fully formed political
views;
5) True–blue moderates;
6) Members of organized third parties.
"These voters have almost

Gun Control in Us: a Challenge to the American Political...
Introduction The creation of the United States came as a result of the independence war with
England in 1776, in which the big involvement of citizens and militaries for the liberation left as a
consequence people owning weapons. Contrary to what happened in Europe after each war, the
citizens in US were not disarmed after the liberation, but their armament was supported with the
second amendment of US constitution, "Bill of rights", allowing "A well–regulated Militia, being
necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be
infringed" (Amendment II, US Constitution). Second amendment still exists today, and despite the
incremental legal adjustments, it still is prominent in supporting ... Show more content on
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Gary Mauser professor in Simon Fraser university in Canada, argues that the gun–laws does not
reduce the crime rate, because in previous decades there have been only 22 states allowing gun
bearing, later 37 more created flexible laws for gun possession and surprisingly the violence rates in
to 2004 dropped drastically, also it is even more surprising that US compared to other states in the
world have an impressive drop in crime rate (Mauser, 2004). Also there are facts from the state's
such UK and Canada which enforced gun–laws, that the crime rate increased after the laws were
passed. Moreover Mark Moore and Anthony Braga (2000) argue that even if most clear empirical
statistics are provided which show that gun bearing is harmful, most of the people who own a gun
are not going to obey. Also guns in US are hold primarily for self–protection, so despite the statistics
that 11% in 100.000 Americans committed suicide and homicide, the surprising effect is that
estimated 100.000 Americans per year are using guns in property loss protection. According to Mark
Guertz (1995) guns have been used most of the time for self–defense rather than violating crimes.
Currently a survey conducted in 2011 resulted that "49% of Americans support the gun rights,
whereas 45% say that guns have to be controlled" (The Pew Research Center, 2012) this tight
percentage where the majority thinks that US citizens have to be provided with gun rights, is a
strong evidence describing that

Natural Resource Of Natural Resources
While natural resources have played an important role in creating wealth and powering
development, recent research shows an inverse correlation between the abundance of natural
resources and growth and development. This has been true of many of the economies in Latin
America, Africa and the Arab world, regions characterized by high levels of natural resources
endowments, be they minerals, oil or timber. The inverse correlation between endowment and
wealth creation–dubbed as the natural resource curse hypothesis–has been the subject of intense
study and has yielded valuable insights into political economy issues.
Natural resource abundance has been associated with predatory political regimes which win and
maintain political support ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This understanding is noticeably sparse. To be fair, developing a good understanding of stakeholder
motivations is extremely challenging because of the complex nature of the sector, which itself arises
from special sector characteristics. What are these? These range from the biophysical, to the social,
to economic, to the state. On the biophysical side, forest resources contribute multiple benefits and
services; yet the resource (even though it is technically renewable) renews only quite slowly and
many services can be irreversibly lost if the resource stock falls below a critical minimum. On the
social front, this is a sector which is characterized by unclear ownership and access rights and
conflicts between traditional and "modern" legal rights. The resource generates multiple benefits for
multiple users and often these are in conflict. Unlike other resources, forests provide a wide range of
public benefits ( watershed protection, carbon sequestration, biodiversity protection, and ecosystem
resilience) only when they are preserved; and they provide private benefits (timber rents) principally
when they are harvested. So there is a well–recognized need for high levels of intervention to ensure
optimal and sustainable levels of harvesting as well as adequate protection of the public benefits. In
addition, both,

Egypt Political System
Name
Institution
Instructor
Date of Submission
Politics in Egypt
Egypt's Profile
Egypt is a state situated in the North of Africa officially known as the Arab republic of Egypt. It is
one of Africa's most important countries due to its attractions like the pyramids. It is also a home to
about seventy eight million people. It is bordered to the south by Sudan, to the Libya in the west,
Israel and Gaza in the east and the Mediterranean Sea in the North. All its major cities lie along the
River Nile which runs across the country from the North and empties in the Mediterranean Sea. It is
the source of sustenance to the people of Egypt. The largest city which is the capita; city of Egypt is
Cairo. Egypt's terrain is that of a desert ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For this reason, the Prime Minister and his cabinet have to be from the dominant party or coalition
in the assembly. In the case where the President and the Assembly are from opposing parties, then a
situation known as cohabitation is created. Motions of censure are most of the time proposed by the
opposition following government actions that it considers highly inapt, they are purely rhetorical
this means that the party discipline should see to it that throughout a parliamentary term, the
government is never overthrown or given a motion of censure by the assembly (Constitution
Declaration 2011).
The Shura Council also known as the consultative council is a 264–member upper house of
Parliament that came to being in the 1980's. In the Shura Council 176 members are directly elected
and 88 members are appointed by the President of the Republic for six–year terms. One half of the
Shura Council is renewed every three years. The Shura Council 's legislative powers are limited and
on most matters of legislation, the People's Assembly always has the last and final word in the event
of a disparity between the two houses.
There currently exist eighteen recognized political parties from across the political spectrum.
Formation of political parties based on religion is prohibited by the Constitution. The official
opposition and political pressure groups, like the Muslim Brotherhood, are active

Shift In The American Political System
The American political system is one in which change occurs slowly and incrementally, if at all.
This long–term stability prevents shortsighted populism from driving large–scale changes that
potentially have long–term impacts. Thus, if the American political system is trending on a path that
lends itself well to the fulfillment of the democratic ideals of equal voice, representation, majority
rule, and minority protection the stability of the system allows it to continue along this path.
However, when a number of these small, incremental changes reinforce one another toward an
unequal or unresponsive system these trends are just as difficult to reverse. This paper will examine
three specific shifts in the American political system: a) the ... Show more content on
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Skocpol (2007) shows that while as early as 1960 a number of national public interest groups were
structured in a way that promoted grass–roots activism and required a number of local chapters.
These membership groups gained the strength to engage in activism through the number of members
they were able to mobilize. These interest groups, then, could claim to be representative of the
general public's interests because they were made up of members of the general public. However,
Skocpol further argues that beginning in the 1970's there was a shift toward more professionally run
organizations. Instead of recruiting members to volunteer and mobilize, these new groups featured
predominantly professional members and functioned through the use of lobbying. Instead of a high
number of members, these new groups were primarily focused on raising money in order to lobby
for more narrow interests. In 2001, only 12% of all Washington interest groups were associations of
individuals (Schlozman et al.

The Technological Revolution Has Changed The Access Of...
1.0 Introduction
The advent of the technological revolution has fundamentally changed the access that citizens
within a democracy have to sensitive and private information about governments, organisations,
workplaces and fellow citizens. It is incumbent upon individuals to honour the privacy of this
information. The protection of sensitive information is considered paramount, yet anyone with
information that they feel is in the public interest and is faced with no avenues to make their
concerns known is turning to the internet as a 'platform for the swift dissemination of material and a
layer of anonymity' (Savage 2013) and this new era of what is known as whistleblowing has given
rise to cyberethics.
According to the Congressional Research Service, whistleblowing is defined as "making a
disclosure evidencing illegal or improper government (and corporate) activities" (Whitaker cited in
Koh, 2012). The individuals who make these disclosures are termed whistleblowers, and while the
information they expose is protected by legislation and codes of conduct, they are usually not
afforded the same level of protection, and indeed, are open to prosecution for breaking the law.
The purpose of this report is to evaluate whether all citizens in a democracy should be protected
from criminalisation for exposing nepotism and corruption.
2.0 Methods
As whistleblowing in a cyber context is a new field of study, there is limited quantitative research
available. The report will discuss

John Winthrop And James Madison
From the beginning, America has been a safe place for the fostering and cultivating of new thoughts
and ideologies, but not without repercussion. This is evident in the life of both John Winthrop and
James Madison. From early on in their political careers, both leaders faced political opposition. John
Winthrop left familiarity in search of religious freedom and the pursuit of a life pleasing to God.
James Madison, in creativity, thought of an entirely renovated way to successfully restructure the
government of a nation that acted more as separate states. By using their backgrounds as a driving
force for innovation they renovate governmental systems and lead the people from the ground up,
inspired by Reformation and republicanism. Their implementation of government was different in
emphasis, but the republican ideals behind it were the same. In Edmund S. Morgan's, The Puritan
Dilemma, it was evident that John Winthrop focused his entire life around glorifying God, in turn
creating a government that did the same. This ideology translated into the way he shaped and
structured Puritan society. Winthrop first focused on the formation of a community of unity and
harmony, then built a government that fostered it. All of the governmental structures in place were
supporting one main focus of the Puritan society being "a city on a hill." Citation Further, Puritan
society was to act as an example for the surrounding colonies of godly living. Harmony was backed
by their ideals of

America Is Known For Its Freedom Of Speech
America is known for its freedom of speech. The dynamics of the American political system gives
the American people a voice in what goes on in the government. The right to vote gives all citizens
the opportunity to vote on various positions in the government and local areas. Political parties
perform a number of functions for the American political system. The functions and components of
political parties, interest group activity, electoral politics, public opinion, political participation, and
political socialization, all are essential factors towards the influences of the American political
system. A political party refers to a group of people that are organized to gather knowledge and
exercise political power. These groups are formed by citizens that enable individuals to have
influence on government affairs and processes. The goal of a political party is to recruit, nominate,
and elect individuals to office, in hope of gaining control over government power through the
capture of public offices and the organization of the government (Laucella, 4/5/16). Political parties
provide effective means through which individuals express themselves and make decisions on
appropriate system of government.
The function of political parties is that it provides citizens with a basis for participation in politics. It
helps socialize and educate voters by making them aware of issues and by encouraging their
participation within the established political processes. As

The Role Of Political Identity In The United States
Emma Lazarus's iconic poem referring to the "huddled masses yearning to breathe free" conjures an
image of an idealistic, accepting America welcoming refugees with open arms into the bosom of
freedom and liberty. (Magleby, O'Brien, Light, Peltason, & Cronin, 2008., p. 114) However, in
contrast with this image, America has always been inconsistent with it's acceptance and instead is
frequently suspicious of any newcomers due to differences in religion, political ideology, skin color
or any number of reasons that could potentially be suspect. Despite this suspicious and oftentimes
ethnocentric nature American society also prides itself on its diversity, which is typically called the
"melting pot". Due to this diversity among the inhabitants of the country and the established
political traditions that developed political identity is made up of a broad spectrum of characteristics
that come together to create one's ideology.
Much of a person's political identity begins with the beliefs and ideas absorbed in the home from
parents and relatives, in school, and so forth, but regional differences, race, ethnicity, gender, family
structure, religion and level of income are also contributing factors in how one's political identity
and ideology takes shape. (Magleby, et al., 2008., p. 115) Though there are overreaching national
political traditions such as our two party system by virtue of manifest destiny, the United States
stretches from coast to coast with each region having

Justin Bautista. Mr. Jablonski. 4/24/17. Term Paper....
Justin Bautista
Mr. Jablonski
4/24/17
Term paper
Political corruption in the Philippines In the Philippines, there is an abundance of political
corruption..This corruption can be stopped if Rodrigo Duterte stays as president and doesn't get
impeached. Political corruption has been in the Philippines since the 1960s. During the 1960s is
when president Ferdinand Marcos was elected. Ferdinand Marcos was president from 1965 to 1986.
But before he was president he also had many other political jobs.
Ferdinand Marcos or Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralin Marcos, Sr. which is his full name was born on
September 11, 1917, and died on September 28, 1989. During Ferdinand Marcos lifespan he has had
a military career and has been part of the House of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He also became the executive vice president of the Liberal Party in and served as the party 's
president from 1961 to 1964. From 1963 to 1965, he became the Senate President. He was the last
Senate President to become the actual president of the Philippines.(Seagrave, Sterling. The Marcos
Dynasty) With all of this experience, he was eventually elected president of the Philippines.
My dad told me in an interview about Ferdinand Marcos "I remember that during the early part of
Marcos presidency; his intentions were good, but somehow greed and power got the better part of
him." (Political Corruption in the Philippines.) Ferdinand Marcos stayed as a "president" for 21
years because he declared something known as martial law. The martial law removes all power from
the previous executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government. (Martial Law – Well
Prepared) This would go against "The Universal Declaration of Human Rights" Article 21
"Everyone has the right to take part in the government of his country, directly or through freely
chosen representatives" ("Universal Declaration Of Human Rights | United Nations".)This violates
"The Universal Declaration of Human Rights" because he is stripping the power from the people
and only giving it to himself. From the martial law, Ferdinand Marcos got tremendous power and
became more of a dictator than a president. As a dictator, Ferdinand Marcos led more

Why Yazmin A.-Why Should Harmony Have Fashion Club?
Yazmin A.– Why Should Harmony have Fashion Club? What do you wear? Clothes obviously, but
look more into it. Look at it again.. the colors, the stitching between where the arms and torso meet.
Look at the side where its folded, yet it's still together, how does this happen? Let's start from the
beginning, the cavemen used clothes from their surroundings from leaves in trees to animal skin.
Just as civilization grew, so did Americans. Americans industrialized to cotton, as Chinese did with
silk and all of Europe with sheep's wool. With industrialization, the Fashion industry flourished
throughout nations and world wide. Now, we use fashion as a form of entertainment, a way of
expression, as well as a form of art. Why do some people still consider it as a lesser value of art? If
Harmony is a diverse school, and has been instrumental in helping to inspire students, placing them
in the nation's most prestigious colleges... why don't they expand their selections of colleges that
could help students pursue their own career path and succeed in their own way? I believe Harmony
schools should have a Fashion Club to start small ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Like most clubs, the things we make in The Fashion Club are put into competitions, and what are
the things we put into these competitions? Most the activities we do in Fashion club range from
fashion design where you learn how to sketch designs, and upload designs online to win a Fashion
Sketch Club, to graphic design and digital media to create a logo for the club and post it into social
media to show your Fashion Club spirit! As well as learning how to market your merchandise from
making your own product, selling it around the community, together with learning trending topics,
and sharing ideas with the

Argumentative Essay On Boy Scouts Rights
While most people may not be knowledgeable about the national policies of the Boy Scouts of
America, if they are involved with the Boy Scout they need to know how these policies effect their
rights and what they can do about it. National policies restrict the rights of volunteers and their
ability to protect the youth involved. It is time for the volunteers to come together and inform
National Counsel that their rights need to be reinstated. The process for this can be difficult but if
completed it would reestablish the constitutional rights of the volunteers and allow them a greater
ability to protect the youth and themselves. In today's society we look for peace of mind everywhere
that children are, but Boy Scouts has removed that peace of ... Show more content on
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While most of these activities provide a fairly secure area, they all need to be evaluated individually.
Concerning schools, there are an abundance of school shootings and while some states are now
passing legislation to allow individuals to carry firearms on school grounds many states are not. If
schools are allowing concealed carry on their campus then the Boy Scouts of America should be
allowing it in the woods. While many believe that this issue could be a political agenda some argue
that it is simply insurance. Either way the Boy Scouts have managed to restrict the rights of the
American people who volunteer their time a moral core in today's youth. This moral core can be
seen in Merit Badges like Citizenship in the Community, Nation, and World. Leaders have an
obligation to keep the youth safe and give the parents the sense of safety for their children when not
in their presence. The Boy Scouts teach the rights and responsibilities of an active citizen, but take
those same rights and responsibilities away from their volunteers. There is a solution to this issue
and while it may take a bold step for National Counsel it will align with what they have dictated
volunteers teach to their Boy

Political Science Essay. Term 2. Considering The Experience
Political science essay. Term 2
Considering the experience of one country with compulsory voting, and one in which voting is
voluntary, does compulsory voting tend to enhance the quality of democracy?
"Compulsory voting can be defined as the legal obligation to attend the polls at election time"
According to a dictionary definition, democratic state is one where supreme power is vested in the
people and exercised directly by them or by their elected agents under a free electoral system. There
are different democratic countries such as Canada, United States of America, Belgium, Australia and
they all have different electoral processes. Some countries practice either compulsory voting or
voluntary "A total of 29 countries in contemporary ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In order to make sure everyone is exercising this right to vote, some countries have enforced laws
that prevent people from disregarding this civil duty. "As an individual liberty consists in exemption
from legal control, so political liberty consists in participation in legal control." Compulsory voting
is in the interest of everyone in the country, through voting we are given a voice to decide which
people amongst us we would rather have serving and protecting us.
"The initial expectation is that a substantial gap exists between the voting rates of the socially
advantaged because the latter are less informed about politics, feel more alienated from the political
system and are not the main target of mobilization efforts by political parties" One of the problems
with countries with voluntary voting is that participation is low participation which can also be
called low electoral turnout. one of the problems most democratic states with voluntary voting have,
is the turnout of electoral processes. Everyone has the right to vote but people on the day of election
stay home and turnouts end up low. These states end up having less than 60% turnout. However in
states with Compulsory voting such as Australia, election turnouts have been high. "the average
level of turnout under the system of compulsory voting was 91.6%" If the turnouts for elections
enhances democracy why do other states

Argumentative Essay On Lobbying
Jessica Hudon
Rhet 105
Ben DeVries
December 7, 2017
Title
Thanks to the first amendment, we are all given an inalienable right to be heard by our government
whether it be through speeches, peaceful protests, or through the act of lobbying. Lobbying, like
many political systems, has become a very debatable topic especially as the Obama presidency has
ended and the Trump presidency has begun. For years presidential administrations have been trying
to make changes to regulate lobbying, yet now that Trump is in office, he is reversing these
attempts. These feuding opinions have sparked my curiosity enough to become interested in learning
about the opposing viewpoints regarding lobbying. Many scholars, like James Thurber and Patrick
Flavin, believe something needs to be done to limit lobbying in the United States due to its unethical
qualities. While other scholars like Gertrude L Schermerhorn and Jennifer Nicoll Victor don't see
lobbying in such a negative light. Arguments in favor of lobbying highlight the fact that lobbying is
a way for the people to inform their government on their values. On the other hand, many believe
that lobbying gives certain demographics i.e.: Americans with money and power, even more of a
voice. Many question whether these special interest groups are allotted too much power. Although
lobbying was originally intended as a means for citizens to have their voices heard, it has developed
into a mechanism for big organizations to influence laws in their favor. Because corporations are
taking advantage of the practice of lobbying, there need to be regulations put in place to rein in
unethical lobbying, and there need to be alternate resources of information provided to congressmen
so that they have the opportunity to receive unbiased information.
Before diving into whether or not lobbying is ethical, it is important to first define what lobbying is
in the first place. As defined by Raoul Mayer in the video titled "Interest Group Formation: Crash
Course Government and Politics #43", "Lobbying is an attempt to influence policy by persuading a
government policy–making official" (). Its original intent was to allow citizens who are passionate
about a certain issue to rally together and have

The Influence Of Corporate Lobbying In Politics
Do you feel like your vote doesn't matter? Are you dissuaded from political involvement because
you feel that you are not able to make a difference? This is a very real concern, which large portion
of is due to corporate lobbying. Corporate lobbying enables corporations to have a voice in politics,
which on some issues, sounds fair. For others however, corporations being able to buy votes acts
against the american people. Lobbying is a system of legalized corruption that must be regulated
more heavily to prevent votes being swayed away from the constituents of politicians, and toward
the interests of large corporations. With corporate lobbying being allowed in today's politics,
companies have the opportunity to use money to purchase votes. ... Show more content on
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Both of these businesses have much to gain from lobbying. Big Pharma refers to the group of the
biggest pharmaceutical companies, including corporations such as Gilead Sciences, Johnson &
Johnson, and Pfizer.(top 15, par 1) These companies lobby for issues pertaining to drugs, such as
being against the legalization or decriminalization of drugs. By keeping drugs such as marijuana
from being used medically, Big Pharma is able to prevent alternative treatment methods and
maintain their medical monopoly. Another heavily involved industry is Big Oil. Big Oil, like Big
Pharma, is used to refer to groups of the biggest corporations in the oil, natural gas, and coal
industries. Big Oil is often the target of scrutiny in regards to environmentalism, due to their
constant attempts to prevent laws that try to cut down on the usage of fossil fuels and natural gas
from being passed. Oil companies profit heavily from the use of lobbyists because the more
regulations on non–renewable resources, the less money they are able to make. This is a good
example for illustrating the ROI of lobbying, because it illuminates the generally accepted evidence
that mitigating losses is a considerably more efficient approach to increasing profit than attempting
to maximize gross

Essay On Whistleblower Protection Act
Whistleblower Protection Enhancement Act of 2012
Introduction
Often the debate arises of whether human–beings are born with an innate sense of "right–from–
wrong" and most often the consensus is, yes. The later question might then be, what makes a person
question doing the right thing? In the reality of someone who may be labeled a "whistleblower,"
apprehension to report wrongdoings may reasonably come from fear of retaliation. Particularly
when the wrong–doing is occurring within the federal government and/or secret intelligence
community. Who will stand up to these powers and what protection can policy afford those that take
the ultimate risk in "doing the right thing" by unveiling the crimes of waste, fraud, and abuse within
our government ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
[R–IA], C. (2015, July 30). Text – S.Res.236 – 114th Congress (2015–2016): A resolution
designating July 30, 2015, as "National Whistleblower Appreciation Day". | Congress.gov | Library
of Congress. Retrieved from https://www.congress.gov/bill/114th–congress/senate–
resolution/236/text
Kasner, A. J. (2015). NATIONAL SECURITY LEAKS AND CONSTITUTIONAL DUTY. Stanford
Law Review, 67(1), 241–283. Retrieved from https://nuls.idm.oclc.org/login?
url=http://search.proquest.com.nuls.idm.oclc.org/docview/1661722557?accountid=25320
Lohman, A. (2015). SILENCE OF THE LAMBS: GIVING VOICE TO THE PROBLEM OF RAPE
AND SEXUAL ASSAULT IN THE UNITED STATES ARMED FORCES. Northwestern Journal of
Law and Social Policy, 10(1), 230–279. Retrieved from https://nuls.idm.oclc.org/login?
url=http://search.proquest.com.nuls.idm.oclc.org/docview/1667167592?accountid=25320
Lucas, G. R. (2014). NSA management directive #424: Secrecy and privacy in the aftermath of
edward snowden. Ethics & International Affairs, 28(1), 29–38.
doi:http://dx.doi.org.nuls.idm.oclc.org/10.1017/S0892679413000488
Meyer, D., & Berenbaum, D. (2015). THE WASP'S NEST: INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY
WHISTLEBLOWING & SOURCE PROTECTION. Journal of National Security Law & Policy,
8(1), 1–49. Retrieved from

Corporate Internal Policy Interference : A Paramount...
Section III – Corporate Internal Policy Interference
A paramount determinant of the MNCs direct influence over government policy is the subsystem of
government policy development that includes the intense cooperation and competition between
external and internal interest groups. This policy subsystem includes powerful structural industry
groups that utilize economic power to create alliances in government and directly influence policy
development (Eisner, p. 137, 2007). This subsystem is stable in compared to the fluctuating political
sphere that includes election turnovers and intergovernmental competition. Moreover this subsystem
works to safeguard the interests of the powerful groups who determine policy direction and ensure
that their ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Roberts, 2011). Powerful corporations are able to exert direct power over government policy making
process to make public policy decisions more favorable to the industry represented, giving
significantly greater power to large corporate lobby groups over environmental and public interest
groups who lack the financial resources and political support necessary to direct government policy
decisions (J. Roberts, 2011).
Environmental regulation entails the change in behavior of relevant actors through the exercise of
political power. This process encompasses a balance of power between the regulatory power and the
external industry and corporate firms who are being regulated (J. Roberts, p.54, 2011). Government
attempts at environmental regulation often directly conflict with corporate interests that are
prioritized by conflicted governments despite their activities and practices directly contributing to
the problems the environmental regulators are directed to combat (J. Roberts, p.54, 2011).
Furthermore, analysis of multinational foreign direct investment (FDI) trends indicates that
governments prioritizing policies favorable to the private corporate sector are more likely to receive
greater foreign investment and capital from potential investors (N. Jensen, 2006). Subsequently, it is
in the interest of political leaders

Shifting Of A Parliamentary System
Shifting To a Parliamentary System The Philippines has always been known to have a Presidential
system of government, but I believe that this type of governing isn 't really fit for our country
considering that our nation/the people cannot really make a responsible decision for themselves,
considering that this is a democracy which it should be run by the people. There are many reasons
why the Presidential system isn 't very reliable and is very unfair. One of these is how the the leaders
are elected, for the Presidential system, they have the "plurality voting system" which means, the
candidate who has the most votes wins the election, therefore neglecting the votes of all the other
candidates who lost which they then get nothing from it. This is very unfair considering that each
candidate has different programs and focuses which they specialize on, for example, Duterte and his
plan to eliminate all drug–related activities in the Philippines, and Miriam Santiago, who's goal was
to strengthen the country's affairs in an international level. These two candidates had very different
goals for the Philippines, but since this is a third–world country, many people considered Santiago's
goal to be unreachable which they then reasoned that the drug problem in the Philippines rising
rapidly which they then stressed the importance to elect a leader who will do it for them. My point
is, most people in the country really don 't know the benefits of being involved in international

The Concept of Political Representation Essay
In "Political Representation," Shapiro et al. (2009) say that "political representation lies at the core
of modern politics." Representation is usually linked to the concept of democracy (Shapiro et al.
2009). The concept of representation is explicitly mentioned in the U.S. Constitution (U.S. Const.
art. I, § 1, 2). However, the meaning and appropriate form of "representation" have been debated by
political theorists and philosophers for centuries. The definition of representation one chooses to use
is influenced by the form of representation one finds most appropriate. Given the different forms of
representation, legislators can be responsive in different ways. Representation also operates at two
different levels – the national and local ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
2009). According to this view, the representative represents the interests of the state, not the
individual, and a discrepancy between the constituency's preferences and the representative's actions
is not problematic, because the representative does not directly represent the views of the
individuals who elected him (Shapiro et al. 2009).
In Two Treatises of Government, John Locke (1823) argued that natural rights such as life, liberty
and property could not be taken or given away by individuals. These "inalienable" rights limited the
power of the king, who acted only to enforce the natural rights of the people. If these rights were
violated, the people had the right to revolt and create a new government. Although Locke supported
the idea of a representative government, he wanted representatives to be men of property (Locke
1823). Jean–Jacques Rousseau (1988) also wrote about representation in The Social Contract.
Rousseau felt that individuals should enter into a social contract in which they gave up their rights to
the entire community, rather than to a king. Rousseau viewed a

David B. Truman Lobby Groups Essay
Lobby Groups
In this comparison between David B. Truman and V.O. Key, Jr.'s views on lobby groups they have
different interpretations on role and interaction of these groups in government. In a democratic
system there is bound to be resentment and desire for change because it is impossible to satisfy
everybody. Truman and Key describe how those individuals try to be recognized while forming
groups for "strength in numbers". In the comparison of interest and pressure groups it is apparent
that although they created resentment in the inner layers of government, they were necessary to the
development and progress of the political system.
According to David B. Truman in the excerpt from The Governmental Process he demonstrates ...
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Truman states that the National Government and the State Legislatures take notice when the interest
groups consolidate and tend to accept compromises over common goals. When they are verified of
an increasing amount of support for a particular policy or deceit against it, they usually take action.
In this manner, the interest groups are beneficial to the government because their opinions were
created by an individual and therefore they give the government a greater ability to facilitate the
lifestyle of their citizens. The interest groups can be very misleading in their size because of their
pressure to convert and convince impressionable people. Truman believes that the formation of
interest groups and political parties was inevitable because we offered elections as a means of
representation and also in a large, complex, diverse society there will always be people who are
longing for change.
From this section of Truman's work it shows that lobby groups were helpful in modifying the
National Government to perform at a more responsive level. The Government could not have
survived based solely on the impact of interest groups. They survived and thrived for power in a
symbiotic relationship benefiting both groups.
"Even if the political parties are added to the list, the result could properly be designated as "a view
which seems hardly compatible with the relative stability of

Importance of Party Discipline
The Importance of Party Discipline
Canada is one of the largest and most culturally diverse countries in the world. These characteristics
make the democratic governing of the country a difficult task. A democratic model is needed that
respects the fundamental rights and freedoms of various diverse cultures, and unites these cultures
over a huge land mass as Canadians. To do this the Canadian government is one which is pluralist.
Pluralism is the ideology that groups, (in Canada's case political parties), should rule in government.
These parties help protect the fundamental rights and freedoms of everyone living in Canada,
regardless of their ethnicity, or religious beliefs. The role political parties play in Canada is vital for
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The individual is of minimal significance when considering who to vote for in an election.
Canadians can vote with confidence because they know politicians' actions will fall in line with the
ideology of their respective party, which they have elected to become government. By electing an
individual who is free to make decisions based on his or her own morality and reason, voters would
actually be compromising their freedom. Citizens would have no confidence in their representatives
because the MP would be free to make decisions that are not subject to any guidelines or standards.
Party discipline unites the country by having voters from various backgrounds and beliefs elect a
political party into office. It is not as easy for individuals to relate to a candidate; it is much easier
for individuals to relate to a political party, with a very general platform. Voters chose a political
party based on how well they identify with the party's platform. Party discipline insures that this
platform will be represented in parliamentary session, and thus the individual's needs, wants, and
concerns are accurately represented. Voters are not the only people who benefit from the practice of
party discipline. The practice is also fundamentally important for the stability of the Canadian
government. Being a pluralist country means there are groups (political parties) of differing
ideologies that represent

Lobby Day Case Study
Because my education depends greatly on the MAP grant and other financial aid assistance, I was
certainly not hesitant to participate in Lobby Day, an all–day event that takes place inside the capitol
at Springfield, IL. Often referred to as "Student Day," this event allows students from all three U of I
campuses–UIC, UIUC, and UIS–to travel to the capitol to lobby and advocate for a budget and
funding for the MAP grant. Because this event primarily uses lobbying as their main strategy, many
students were actually able to speak and lobby to the senators and representatives of their own
districts. Unfortunately, because Lobby Day took place on March 2nd, a day where most of our
congressmen and women were scheduled to vote for a budget bill, ... Show more content on
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Throughout the entire course, the professor made sure to emphasize the importance of political
action, and I was clearly able to see the power of being politically active through this event.
Although we could have waited to elect new representatives into congress, we decided to instead go
down to the capitol and made sure our voices and presence got heard because not having a budget is
simply not a problem that can wait much longer. As was discussed in class, lobbying is an example
of a pressure strategy that has proven to be quite successful in the past; therefore, it was no surprise
to see why the U of I students and faculty have decided to use this specific

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