1.1 WAN Overview 1.2 WAN Technologies

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1- Wide Area Network
1.1 WAN Overview
1.2 WAN Technologies

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1.1 WAN Overview

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WIDEAREANETWORK
• Network that extends over a large
geographical distance
• Often established with ISP circuits
• Provides remote connection between
different LANs

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WIDEAREANETWORK(cont…)
• Business, education and government entities
use WAN to relay data among staff, students,
clients, buyers, and suppliers from various
geographical locations
• Most WAN Technologies operate at OSI-
Layer 2

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PHYSICALWANTOPOLOGIES
R1 R2
POINT – TO - POINT
HUB AND SPOKE
FULL MESH

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CIRCUITSWITCHING
• Two network nodes establish a dedicated communications channel
(circuit) through the network before the nodes may communicate
• Circuit guarantees the full bandwidth of the channel and remains
connected for the duration of the communication session.
• i.e. PSTN and ISDN

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PACKETSWITCHING
• Groups all transmitted data into packets which are transmitted via
a medium that may be shared by multiple simultaneous
communication sessions
• Increases network efficiency, robustness and enables technological
convergence of many applications operating on the same network
• i.e. Metro Ethernet

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1.2 WAN Technologies

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LEASEDLINE
• Private bidirectional or symmetric telecommunications line between two
or more locations
• Used for telephone, data or Internet services
• High quality & availability , dedicated, expensive..Not so popular anymore
R1
ISP
CSU /
DSU
CSU /
DSU
R2
MIAMI OFFICE AMSTERDAM OFFICE
T3 E3
T3 : USA Standard
E3 : Europe Standard

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DIALUP
• Supports very low bandwidth
• Simple design , cheap
• Legacy WAN technology
R1
ISP
Dialup
Modem
Dialup
Modem
R2

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ISDN
• Communication standards for simultaneous digital transmission of
voice, video, data, and other network services over the traditional
circuits of the public switched telephone network
• ISDN PRI / BRI
R1
ISP
ISDN
Terminal
Adaptor
ISDN
Terminal
Adaptor
R2

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ATM
• Routers are connected via ATM Switches on ISP backbone
• Uses asynchronous time-division multiplexing and encodes data
into small, fixed-sized packets frames called cells (53 bytes)
• Legacy WAN technology
R1
ATM
Switches
R2

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MPLS
• Directs data from one network node to the next based on short path labels
• Routers are connected via MPLS switches on ISP backbone
• Most popular WAN Technology
• Services : PPP / Internet Metro Eth. , VPN etc.
R1
MPLS
Switches
R2
Customer
Edge Switch
Customer
Edge Switch

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VSAT
• Two-way satellite ground station with a dish antenna that is
smaller than 3 meters
• Provides a private WAN via satellite systems
R1 R2

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