basics of research for doctors

1. Research Program by
Dr Nuaman Ahmad Danawar
General and laparoscopic surgeon.
Member of the royal college of surgeons (RCSI).
Diploma in laparoscopic surgery.
Syrian and Arab board in general surgery.
Member of the society of American gastrointestinal endoscopic surgeons
(SAGES).
Member of the world association of laparoscopic surgeons (WALS).
Researcher and published author.
Articles peer-reviewer in the CUREUS journal of medical science-
California.

2. Basics of medical research and evidence based medicine (EBM)
Detention of EBM:
Defined as the careful use of the best current related scientific research in
making decision on patient’s care to achieve the best outcome.
outcome
experience
research
patient

3. Research
Is looking knowledge.
Research types:
Primary VS secondary:
When you are doing a study, this is a
primary research.
In contrast, when you are studying the
already published studies, this is
secondary research.

4. Types of research studies:
a-in vitro (test tube)
b-study on animals.
c-ideas, opinions, editorials.
d-case report/ series.

5. e-Observational studies:
cross sectional, case control, and cohort study.
Cross sectional:
-prevalence study.
-studying one point at time (If multiple points at
time= longitudinal study).
-example: interview or survey questions.

6. Case control:
-focus on the case (disease, outcome).
-control group.
-Going to the past, to see the exposure (risk
factors).
-Example: exposure < ---------colon cancer

7. Cohort study:
-Focus on the exposure (risk factors), i.e.,
what are the risk factors leading to colon
cancer?
 Prospective cohort: looking to the
future.
 Retrospective cohort: looking to the
past.

8. f-Clinical trials (interventional or experimental)
studies:
RCTs VS non RCTs.

9. g-Articles review:
Article review: means studying or collecting
data from the already published studies.
It has three types:
traditional review, systematic review, and meta-
analysis.
Traditional review:
no guidelines.
Randomizing selection of studies about one
topic to see the best available evidence.

10. Systematic review:
following a specific guideline in patient or studies
selection, example: PRISMA or Cochrane guidelines.
PICO:
P:patint.
I: intervention.
C: control.
O: outcome.
Example:
Early VS late interval laparoscopic cholecystectomy after biliary
pancreatitis and ERCP.
O: Early Lap chole is better than late lap chole in patient who developed
biliary pancreatitis and underwent ERCP.( no statistics= percentages or
numbers).

11. Meta-analysis: is a systematic review, but in
meta-analysis we are using strong statistics and
homogeneous data (similar patient and similar
type of studies). In simple words, meta-analysis is
a systematic review with statistics.
Note: PRISMA= preferred reporting in systematic review and
meta-analysis.

12. h-Clinical guidelines:
Usually related to specific instate: ACS, RCS,
SAGES
summarize the best (BUT NOT THE ONLY) available
medical knowledge, and ensure that patients receive
appropriate treatment and care.
In simple words, clinical guidelines mean the best current
evidence in clinical practice.

14. The format of research paper:
The research paper to be accepted should be written in scientific
format: IMRaD
Abstract
I= introduction
M= method.
R= result.
D= discussion
Conclusion
References

15. What does each section mean?
 Abstract= the summary of the paper.
 Introduction= the research question or problem.
 Method= your way and tools to solve the problem or
answer the question.
 Result= your findings.
 Discussion= explanation and interpretation of your
findings (the meaning of your findings)
 Conclusion= the learned lesson/s. NOT summary.
 References= your data source.

16. Databases: (sources)
PubMed (is the commonest).
PubMed Central (PMC)
EMBASE
Cochrane Library
UpToDate
Google scholar
MEDLINE
Medscape

17. ‫الطبي‬ ‫البحث‬ ‫برنامج‬
‫البرنامج‬ ‫مكونات‬
:
1
-
‫الطبي‬ ‫البحث‬ ‫أساسيات‬
,
‫للدليل‬ ‫المستند‬ ‫والطب‬
.
2
-
‫الطبية‬ ‫البحوث‬ ‫كتابة‬ ‫طريقة‬
‫العلمية‬ ‫والورقات‬
.
3
-
‫العلمية‬ ‫الكتابة‬ ‫أساسيات‬
‫واألكاديمية‬
.
‫د‬
.
‫دناور‬ ‫نعمان‬
‫عامة‬ ‫جراحة‬
,
‫مناظير‬ ‫جراحة‬ ‫دبلوم‬
,
‫الكلية‬ ‫زمالة‬
‫للجراحين‬ ‫الملكية‬
,
‫والعربي‬ ‫السوري‬ ‫البورد‬
,
‫عدة‬
‫طبية‬ ‫منشورات‬
,
‫النشر‬ ‫قبل‬ ‫الطبية‬ ‫لألبحاث‬ ‫مدقق‬
‫الطبية‬ ‫العلوم‬ ‫مجلة‬ ‫في‬
-
‫كاليفورنيا‬
.
‫والتواصل‬ ‫لالستعالم‬
:
0096653591247

18. Thank you
Nuaman,