it is very important

1. Presentation On:Application of result and ethics
1
Presented By:
TE-11019: Md. Saddam Hossain Khan
TE-11025: Md. Jahedul Islam
TE-11026: Shadman Ahmed Khan
TE-141506:Niranjan Chandra Das
TE-151602:Md.Saifur Rahman

2. • Environmental impacts
• Ethical issue
• Copyright
• Royaliy
• Intelluctual property rights and results Law
• Reproduction of publish material
• References

3. Application of result and ethics
When ever we are applying the result of a research
then it should be in mind that the result should not
cause any kind of hamper in environment and should
not violate the ethics. It is also necessary to include
the acknowledgements in the research paper and
avoiding plagiarism. Providing all kinds of source of
references and following all essential rules.

4. ETHICS
Ethics is the word that refers to morals, values, and
beliefs of the individuals, family or the society. The
word has several meanings. Basically it is an activity
and process of inquiry. Secondly, it is different from
non-moral problems, when dealing with issues and
controversies. Thirdly, ethics refers to a particular set of
beliefs, attitudes, and habits of individuals or family or
groups concerned with morals. Fourth, it is used to
mean ‘morally correct’.

5. 1. Data Protection and Privacy
2. Informed Consent
3. Research on human embryo's and
foetuses
4. Dual Use
5. Animal Research
6. Research Involving Developing
Countries

6. 1. Data Protection and
Privacy
Privacy and data protection are fundamental rights which need to be
protected at all time. Privacy can mean many different things in different
contexts. Not all people have the same notion of the right to privacy, but
most people want to maintain control over personal information and
personal communications. If personal information is disclosed, we expect
this information to be treated confidentially. Data protection is meant to
guarantee our right to privacy. Data protection refers to the technical
framework and security measures designed to guarantee that all personal
data are safe from unforeseen, unintended or malevolent use. Data
protection therefore includes both measure with regard to access to data
and the conservation of data. Also measures to assure the accuracy of the
data can be included in a data protection strategy.

7. 2. Informed Consent
Declared one of the most pivotal principles in research ethics in
many international conventions and guidelines, informed consent is
meant to guarantee the voluntary participation in research and is
probably the most important procedure to address privacy issues in
research. Informed consent consists of three components: adequate
information, voluntariness and competence. This implies that, prior
to consenting to participation, participants should be clearly
informed of the research goals, possible adverse events, possibilities
to refuse participation or withdraw from the research, at any time,
and without consequences. Research participants must also be
competent to understand the information and should be fully aware
of the consequences of their consent. Although informed consent is
often seen in the context of clinical research, this principle is
important for all types of research, including the social sciences.
Informed consent is required in when the research involves the
participation of human beings, when the research uses human
genetic material or biological samples and when the research
involves personal data collection.

8. Since the development of the techniques, the use of human
embryos and fetus for stem cell research is high on the political
and ethical agenda. Research with human embryonic stem cells
gives the prospect to address medical needs, but at the same
time raises fundamental ethical questions because research
implies the use and destruction of human embryos.

9. 4. DUAL USE
Dual use is a term often used in politics and diplomacy
to refer to technology which can be used for both
peaceful and military aims. In the context of
research, dual use is to be understood as potential
misuse of research. This means that the research
activities involve or generate materials, methods or
knowledge that could be misused.

10. 5. Animal Research
The researcher should provide all the details of the species
(and strains) used, justify why they are used, explain why the
anticipated benefits of the research justify the use of animals
and why methods avoiding the use of animals cannot be used.
All the planned measures to comply with the 'three Rs' should
be indicated, in particular the procedures to alleviate or
minimize the suffering of animals.

11. 6. Research Involving
Developing Countries
Developing countries are often disproportionally burdened by
diseases, poverty, high levels of illiteracy and basic health care
infrastructure and resources are often lacking. Special
measures can ensure that the rights and interest of all
participants are adequately protected and that the benefits of
the research are equally shared.

12. ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS
Environmental ethics is the study of moral issues concerning
the environment, and moral perspectives, beliefs, or attitudes
concerning those issues.

13. ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS
Engineers as experimenters have certain duties towards
environmental ethics, namely:
1. Environmental impact assessment: One major but sure and
unintended effect of technology is wastage and the resulting
pollution of land, water, air and even space. Study how the
industry and technology affects the environment.
2. Establish standards: Study and to fix the tolerable and actual
pollution levels.
3. Counter measures: Study what the protective or eliminating
measures are available for immediate implementation
4. Environmental awareness: Study on how to educate the people
on environmental practices, issues, and possible remedies.

14. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
1. Plastic Waste Disposal
In our country, several crores of plastic bottles are used as
containers for water and oil, and plastic bags are used to
pack different materials ranging from vegetables to gold
ornaments. Hardly any of these are recycled. They end up
in gutters, roadsides, and agricultural fields. In all these
destinations, they created havoc. The worse still is the
burning of plastic materials in streets and camphor along
with plastic cover in temples, since they release toxic
fumes and threaten seriously the air quality. Cities and
local administration have to act on this, collect and
arrange for recycling through industries.

15. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
2. e-Waste Disposal
The parts of computers and electronic devices which have served its
useful life present a major environmental issue for all the developing
countries. This scrap contains highly toxic elements such as lead,
cadmium, and mercury.
3. Depletion of Ozone Layer
The ozone layer protects the entire planet from the ill-effects of
ultraviolet radiation and is vital for all living organisms in this
world. But it is eaten away by the Chloro-fluro-carbons (CFC) such
as freon emanating from the refrigerators, air conditioners, and
aerosol can spray. This has caused also skin cancer to sun-bathers in
the Western countries. Further NO and NO2 gases were also found
to react with the ozone. Apart from engineers, the organizations,
laws of the country and local administration and market mechanisms
are required to take up concerted efforts to protect the environment.

16. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
4. Industrial Waste Disposal
Industrial waste is the waste produced by industrial activity
which includes any material that is rendered useless during a
manufacturing process such as that of factories, industries,
mills, and mining operations. It has existed since the start of
the Industrial revolutions. Some examples of industrial wastes
are chemical solvents, pigments, sludge, metals, ash, paints,
sandpaper, paper products, industrial byproducts, metals, and
radioactive waste..

17. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
5. Global Warming
Over the past 30 years, the Earth has warmed by 0.6°C. Over
the last 100 years, it has warmed by 0.8°. The U.S.
administration has accepted the reality of global climate
change, which has been associated with stronger hurricanes,
severe droughts, intense heat waves and the melting of polar
ice. Greenhouse gases, notably carbon dioxide emitted by
motor vehicles and coal-fired power plants, trap heat like the
glass walls of a greenhouse, cause the Earth to warm up.
Delegates from the six countries — Australia, China, India,
Japan, South Korea and US met in California in April 2006 for
the first working session of the Asia- Pacific Partnership on
Clean Development and Climate. These six countries account
for about half of the world’s emissions of climate-heating
greenhouse gases. Only one of the six, Japan, is committed to
reducing greenhouse gas emissions by at least 5.2 per cent
below 1990 levels by 2012 under the Kyoto Agreement.

18. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
6. Acid Rain
Large emissions of sulphur oxides and nitrous
oxides are being released in to the air from the
thermal power stations using the fossil fuels, and
several processing industries. These gases form
compounds with water in the air and precipitates
as rain or snow on to the earth. The acid rain in
some parts of the world has caused sufficient
damage to the fertility of the land and to the
human beings.

19. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
RIGHTS
Intellectual property rights include patents, copyright, industrial
design rights, trademarks, plant verity rights, trade
dress, geographical indication and in some jurisdictions trade
secrets etc.

20. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
RIGHTS
Patents
A patent is a form of right granted by the government to an
inventor, giving the owner the right to exclude others from
making, using, selling, offering to sell, and importing
an invention for a limited period of time, in exchange for the
public disclosure of the invention. An invention is a solution to
a specific technological problem, which may be a product or a
process and generally has to fulfill three main requirements: it
has to be new, not obvious and there needs to be an industrial
applicability. To enrich the body of knowledge and stimulate
innovation, it is an obligation for patent owners to disclose
valuable information about their inventions to the public.

21. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
RIGHTS
Copyright
A copyright gives the creator of an original work exclusive
rights to it, usually for a limited time. Copyright may apply to
a wide range of creative, intellectual or artistic forms or
"works“. Copyright does not cover ideas and information
themselves, only the form or manner in which they are
expressed.

22. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
RIGHTS
Industrial design rights
An industrial design rights (sometimes called "design
right" or design patent) protects the visual design of
objects that are not purely utilitarian. An industrial design
consists of the creation of a shape, configuration or
composition of pattern or color, or combination of pattern
and color in three-dimensional form containing aesthetic
value. An industrial design can be a two- or three-
dimensional pattern used to produce a product, industrial
commodity or handicraft. Generally speaking, it is what
makes a product look appealing, and as such, it increases
the commercial value of goods

23. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
RIGHTS
Plant varieties
Plant breeders’ right or plant variety rights are the rights to
commercially use a new variety of a plant. The variety must
amongst others be novel and distinct and for registration the
evaluation of propagating material of the variety is considered.

24. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
RIGHTS
Trademarks
A trademark is recognizable sign, design
or expression whichdistinguishes products or servic
es of a particular trader from the similar products or
services of other traders.

25. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
RIGHTS
Trade secrets
A trade secret is a formula, practice,
process, design, instrument, pattern, or
compilation of information which is not
generally known or reasonably ascertainable,
by which a business can obtain an economic
advantage over competitors and customers.

26. REPRODUCIBILITY
Reproducibility the ability of independent researchers to obtain
the same (or similar) results when repeating an experiment or
test is one of the hallmarks of good science. Reproducibility
provides scientists with evidence that research results are
objective and reliable and not due to bias or chance
.Irreproducibility, by contrast, may indicate a problem with
any of the steps.

27. CITATION
When we write an assignment or research paper we must cite
in our text references to all material we have used as sources
for the content of our work. These are called citations.

28. CITATION
There mainly two style of citation
A) Bibliography style
B) Author-date style or Parenthetical citations-
Reference list style.

29. CITATION
Bibliography style
In Bibliography style citations, a source is
indicated by using a superscript at the end of
the sentence in which the reference is made. In
this case the source reference may be given
either in the footnotes or in the end notes.

30. CITATION
• Author-date style
In author-date citations, in the text the source
may be indicated by using a parenthetical
citation (Covering author, date and relevant
page number) next to the reference.
Example,
Lanier,Jaron.2010. You are not a gadget: A
manifesto. New york:Alfred A. Knopf.

31. ACCOUNTABILITY
Accountability is an assurance that an individual or
an organization will be evaluated on their
performance or behavior related to something for
which they are responsible. The term is related to
responsibility but seen more from the perspective of
oversight. An employee may be responsible, for
example, for ensuring that a response to
an RFP(request for proposals) meets all the stipulated
requirements. In the event that the task is not
performed satisfactorily, there may or may not be
consequences. Accountability, on the other hand,
means that the employee is held responsible for
successfully completing the task and will have to at
least explain why they failed to do so.

32. In research paper acknowledgement is an essential part
where the researcher or researchers show gratitude to the
all persons and organizations who provides helps
through suggestions or documents etc.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

33. ROYALTY
A royalty is a payment made by one party, the licensee or
franchisee to another that owns a particular asset, the licensor
or franchisor for the right to ongoing use of that asset.
Royalties are typically agreed upon as a percentage of gross or
net revenues derived from the use of an asset or a fixed price
per unit sold of an item of such, but there are also other modes
and metrics of compensation.

34. PLAGIARISM
An act or instance of using or closely imitating the langu
age and thoughts of another author withoutauthorizatio
n and the representation of that author's work as one's o
wn, as by not crediting the original author

35. PLAGIARISM
All of the followings are considered as plagiarism:
• Turning in someone else's work as your own
• Copying words or ideas from someone else without
giving credit
• Failing to put a quotation in quotation marks
• Giving incorrect information about the source of a
quotation
• Changing words but copying the sentence structure
of a source without giving credit
• Copying so many words or ideas from a source that it
makes up the majority of your work, whether you
give credit or not (see our section on "fair use" rules)

36. REFERENCES
Wikipedia
Google
Newspaper
Thesis Paper

37. 
ANY QUESTION?

38. THANK YOU