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1. Underlying Technologies of Docker - Docker Online Training
Introduction:
Docker has revolutionized the software development and deployment
landscape by enabling the creation and management of lightweight, portable,
and isolated containers. These containers encapsulate applications and their
dependencies, ensuring consistency across different environments. This article
will explore the underlying technologies that power Docker and contribute to
its widespread adoption.
Linux Containers (LXC):
At the core of Docker's architecture lies Linux Containers (LXC). LXC is a Linux-
based technology that provides OS-level virtualization, allowing multiple
isolated user-space instances, known as containers, to run on a single host
operating system. Each container shares the host OS's kernel but maintains
separate namespaces for processes, file systems, network, and other
resources. LXC forms the foundation upon which Docker was initially built.
Namespaces:
Namespaces are a key feature in Linux that enable process isolation within a
container. Docker uses various namespaces to provide segregation of
resources between containers, preventing conflicts and ensuring each
container operates as an independent entity. Some common namespaces
utilized by Docker include:
PID (Process ID): Isolates the process IDs, ensuring that processes inside a
container are unaware of processes outside the container.
2. UTS (Unix Time-Sharing): Allows separate hostname and domain name spaces
for each container.
NET (Network): Provides independent network stacks for each container.
IPC (Inter-Process Communication): Ensures that containers have isolated
inter-process communication resources.
MNT (Mount): Separates the file system mount points, avoiding interference
between containers.
Control Groups (cgroups):
Control Groups, or cgroups, is another crucial technology that Docker
leverages for resource management. Cgroups allow fine-grained control and
limitation of resource usage (such as CPU, memory, disk I/O, and network
bandwidth) for processes within containers. Docker uses cgroups to enforce
resource constraints and ensure fair allocation among multiple containers
running on the same host.
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