Pollution in Lahore Due to Transport.pptx
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Pollution in Lahore Due to Transport
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Pollution in Lahore Due to Transport.pptx
- 1. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT, LAHORE 37th MCMC Current Issue Presentation ‘Transport Sector is solely responsible for pollution in Lahore A Myth or Reality’ Name: Nasir Nazeer Group: Pakistan Railways (C&T) Sponsor DS: Ms. Adeela Younas Dated: 20th May, 2023
- 2. Sequence of the Presentation • Currency of the Topic • Introduction • Statement of the Problem • Scope of the Presentation • Causes and Effects of Pollution • Mitigation Challenges- PEST Analysis • Conclusion • Recommendations • References 2
- 3. Currency of the Topic 3 https://www.geo.tv/latest/488026-83-of-lahores-air-pollution-caused-by-transport-sector-report https://www.thenews.com.pk/latest/1071527-83-of-lahores-air-pollution-stems-from-transport-sector
- 4. Introduction • Addition of harmful materials into the environment. These harmful materials are called pollutants 4 https://www.gov.scot/publications/cleaner-air-scotland-road-healthier-future/pages/6/
- 5. 2022 Country/region ranking 5 World Air Quality Report 2022 https://www.iqair.com/world-most-polluted-cities
- 6. Statement of the Problem - Research Question • The transport industry in Lahore contributes 83% (Ilyas etal., 2023) to the city's pollution levels, creating a serious environmental and public health hazard. Fast urbanization 3.6% annually (Expansion, 2022) and population expansion 3.2% per year (Prospects, 2023) of Lahore have resulted in a rise in motor traffic from 2 to 6 million (Malhi, 2023) in a decade, resulting in rising levels of air and noise pollution. This issue demands quick attention and effective solutions to alleviate the negative influence of the transport industry on Lahore's environment and citizens' well-being. • QUESTION: What steps need to be taken for significant reduction of Pollution in the city, particularly in the context of the transport sector to provide clean air to its citizens? 6
- 7. Scope of the Presentation • Introduce the phenomenon of Pollution in Lahore with the concepts of Air Quality Index and particulate matter (PM) 2.5 • Study the causes, effects of Pollution in the city its mitigation challenges • The topic has been geographically limited to Lahore and data related to time period (10 years) from January 2013 to June 2023 has been used 7
- 8. Pollution and Specific case of Lahore • City of gardens • Early 2017, Public Consciousness • In 2018, top 10 polluted city • Air Quality Index crossed 500 in Nov 2019 and became World Most Polluted City (Kamran,2023) • Lahore resident's life is reduced by five years 8 https://www.dw.com/en/pakistan-how-lahores-smog-is-harming-residents/a-60046209 https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/southasiasource/the-world-must-pay-attention-to-pakistans-air-pollution-crisis/ https://profit.pakistantoday.com.pk/2023/01/22/pakistan-is-struggling-to-breathe/
- 9. Bird’s eye view of Lahore’s environmental conditions 9 https://http://aljazari.urbanunit.gov.pk/ https://www.urbanunit.gov.pk/Download/publications/Files/8/2023/Emission%20Inventory%20of%20Lahore%20202 3.pdf?trk=public_post_comment-text
- 11. Sectoral contribution of Pollutants 11 (Ilyas, Nissar, 2023) Sectoral Emissions of Pakistan, by Urban Unit, Lahore. https://www.urbanunit.gov.pk/Download/publications/Files/8/2023/Emission%20Inventory%20of%20Lahore%202023.pdf
- 12. Statistics of Transport sector 2.36 2.46 2.69 3.02 3.39 3.99 4.29 4.93 5.35 5.16 5.7 6.1 6.29 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Upto June 2023 12 Excise Taxation and Narcotics control department, Government of Punjab.
- 13. Classification of Transport and contribution in Pollution 13 Excise Taxation and Narcotics control department, Government of Punjab. Sectoral emission of Pakistan Contribution in Pollution Classification of Transport
- 14. How Transport is creating Pollution? • Emission depends upon type of fuels used • An average vehicle emits 3.6 times NOx, 8 times Lead, 20 times HCs, and 25 times Carbon emissions per kilometer of travel when compared with USA (Ali etal., 2022) • Per capita transport-related emissions is 0.27 tons of CO2 • Fuel quality falls under the Euro-II standard, far behind the Euro-VI standards adopted by developing countries. • Two stroke vehicles, Inefficient & poorly maintained engines and Traffic congestions 14 http://www.pjoes.com/A-Comparison-of-Engine-Emissions-from-Heavy-r-nMedium-and-Light-Vehicles-for- CNG,89090,0,2.html https://www.researchgate.net/publication/345761824_Understanding_Traffic_Congestion_from_Stakeholders'_Perceptions_i n_the_Central_Area_of_Lahore
- 15. Effects of Pollution in Lahore • Health Impacts • Asthma, Lungs damage, bronchial infections • Eyes and Nose irritation • Aggravated Heart problems and Cancer conditions • Shortening of life by ‘five years’ (Butt,2021) 15 University of Chicago’s Energy Policy Institute (EPIC)
- 16. Statistics on Health 16 District Health Information System, Punjab. https://dhispb.com/index.php
- 17. Effects of Pollution in Lahore…Cont’d • Disruption of flights • Closure of roads • Shutting down of factories- halted economy • Closing of schools and loss of education • No tourism • Damage to crops and infrastructure 17
- 18. PEST Analysis- Mitigation Challenges 18 POLITICAL Regulation & Policies Enforcement Public Transport Policies ECONOMIC Affordability of vehicle Fuel Costs Economic Incentives SOCIAL Public willingness and awareness Cultural attitudes Life Style Choices TECHNICAL Advancement in Vehicular Technology Infrastructure Development Public Transport Tech PEST Analysis
- 19. Conclusion Pollution in Lahore has become a challenging issue, which requires immediate multipronged strategy. A holistic approach is required to address pollution effectively, involving multiple sectors and implementing comprehensive measures such as improving emission standards, promoting renewable energy sources, enhancing industrial regulations, and raising public awareness. 19
- 20. Recommendations Emission controls and better management is the key to mitigation through Policy, Social and Technical solutions 20
- 21. Policy Solutions Recommendations • Effective Interdepartmental coordination (Keep information flowing) • Vehicular inspections through VICS (RFID stickers) • Import of Electric/hybrid vehicles by easing import policies, duties and restrictions • Integrated Mass Transit Bus System 21
- 22. Social Solutions Recommendations • Wearing of Masks to restrict inhalation of pollutants especially PM 2.5 • Car pooling and car turns (more people in a car) • Retiring old vehicles (Not a norm in Pakistan) • Keep ourselves informed about AQI 22
- 23. Technical Solutions Recommendations • Introduction of Euro II and V Fuel technology • Catalytic converters in Vehicles • Low Sulphur Fuels to control emissions • Procuring air quality monitoring equipment • An app for advisories by PITB 23
- 24. References 24 World Air Quality Report 2022,https://www.iqair.com/world-most-polluted-cities Sectoral Emissions of Pakistan, by Urban Unit, Lahore. https://www.urbanunit.gov.pk/Download/publications/Files/8/2023/Emission%20Inventory %20of%20Lahore%202023.pdf How Lahore Became the World’s Most Polluted Place by By Syed Mohammad Ali, a nonresident scholar at the Middle East Institute, and he teaches at Georgetown and Johns Hopkins, https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/11/29/pakistan-lahore-pollution-fossil-fuels- climate/ Zahra-Maliq M. (2019) In Lahore, Pakistan, Smog has become a “Fifth Season.” The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/10/world/asia/lahore-smog-pakistan.html
- 25. References Prospects, U. N.-W. (2023). Macrotrends. Retrieved from Macrotrends:https://www.macrotrends.net/cities/22046/lahore/population Taylor, A. (2015). Cleaner Air for Scotland. Scotland: Environment & Forestry Directorate. Ullah, K. A. (2023). Pakistan is struggling to breathe! ptProfit. The Urban Unit. (2021-2022). http://www.urbanunit.gov.pk/UU/Home “Why pollution is so high in Pakistan's cities” by, S. Khan Islamabad https://www.dw.com/en/why-pakistan-has-some-of-the-most-polluted-cities-in-the-world/a- 59686579 - Mari, B. (2021). Pakistan: How Lahore Smog is Harming Residents. D.W Made For Minds.https://www.dw.com/en/pakistan-how-lahores-smog-is-harming-residents/a- 60046209 25
- 26. References Environment Protection Department. (2022). Government of Punjab. https://epd.punjab.gov.pk/system/files/01.09.2022%20%281%29.pdf Lahore’s sick lungs, by Zofeen T Ebraheem, https://www.dawn.com/news/1745133 A Smart Shift from Private Cars to Public Transport Can Help to Reduce Smog/Air Pollution in Pakistan ABEDULLAH, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad Niazi, Abdullah. (2022, October 9th). The Smog will Worsen, It doesn’t have to. The Express Tribune. https://profit.pakistantoday.com.pk/2022/10/09/the-smog-will-worsen-it-doesnt- have-to/ Kasturi Das, N. S. (2023). Kasturi Das, Naeem Sahoutara. The Third Pole. 26
- 27. THANK YOU 27
Editor's Notes
- Increasingly prevalent in our discussions pollution. It has transformed from Current to a permanent issue in General to Pak & Specific to Lhr 2 parts 1. Pollution & 2. Transport Quite easy easy to point fingers at the thousands of cars, buses, trucks, and motorcycles as a visible, tangible sources of pollutants Through this presentation, we will analyze the various causes of pollution in Lahore, delve deep into the contribution of the transport sector, and investigate whether other sources also play a significant role. Our goal is to provide a comprehensive view of Lahore's pollution problem and to separate myths from reality.
- 18 may 2023 a news flashed in print and electronic media which baffled everyone It was based on a report released by Urban Unit Lahore It contributed 83% of the pollution to transport sector of Lahore Based on the study from July 2022 to Jan 2023
- To simply explain pollution, Pollutants are generated by several activities Air Quality Index & PM2.5 PM 2.5 Micron meter as per its size Extremely minute. Sand Particle size is 90, size of human hair is 75. In a full stop we used to end sentences, thousands of thousands PM 2.5 can be stored in a full stop. Enters Lungs with air, crosses capillaries, into the blood stream and then starting to deposit and harming vital body organs
- With this introduction of Pollution, lets us discuss its correlation with Pakistan World Quality Report 2022 Swiss Company, using governmental, corporate, NGOs and community data for analysis. The data collected from 7,323 cities across 131 countries, 30,000 regulatory air quality monitoring stations Intresting to note UK & US were the countries where Pollution-SMOG was first introduced, but with persistent good practices they have overcome it and now all standards of pollution are under their controll
- "In Lahore, the transport industry is a major polluter, contributing to 83% of the city's total pollution levels. The rapid pace of urbanization, with the city growing at an annual rate of 3.6% and an accompanying population expansion of 3.2% per year, have led to a surge in motor traffic. This has resulted in a 60% increase in air pollution levels over the past decade, making Lahore one of the most polluted cities in the world. Noise pollution has similarly escalated, with average noise levels rising by 20 decibels in the past five years, well above the World Health Organization's (WHO) recommended levels. This poses a severe environmental and public health risk, with a recent study indicating a 30% rise in respiratory illnesses in the city directly attributable to polluted air. Given these alarming statistics, immediate attention and effective solutions are imperative to mitigate the negative impacts of the transport industry on Lahore's environment and the well-being of its citizens."
- City of gardens, tragically choking on toxic air The Air Quality Index (AQI) is a yardstick that star*ts from 0 to 500. The higher the Air Quality Index (AQI), the more polluted is the air and adverse impact on health. public’s consciousness in early 2017, when actionable air quality data was published for the first time in Pakistan by NGOs community and US Consulate Shimla Parahi. Fine PM 2.5 monitored. Todays AQI Why IQ AIR is important, a person inhales 15,000 liters of Oxygen per day.
- The Urban Unit at its Al-Jazari Water and Sanitation Academy located in Township Lahore, from May 11, 2021, to December 31, 2022(577 days). Based on Air Quality Index
- After having knowledge of pollution, lets now discuss its causes 2 things are in common Fuel & Combustion (a bench mark to measure pollution) By burning of fuels, pollutants are generated which in one way or other cause deterioration of AIR Narang, Narowal, Hafizabad rich in RICE GROWTH very close to Lahore.
- Analysis on the basis of pollutants in the air Most of the pollutants are by burning of fossil fuels When further analyzed it shows that more than 71% of fuel is used in vehicles
- Pollution is directly proportional to number of vehicles Commercial advancements, Urbanization trends, Poor laws/policies enforcement mechanism under motor vehicular have contributed to the irresistible increase in vehicles plying on the roads of Lahore
- Emission depends upon type of fuels used, if not refined properly it could lead to more hazardous emissions CO emission, a cause of carbon foot prints which is a primary source of GHG Fuel quality lags far behind. Adulterated & very low quality fuel,, EU started its EURO-II variant way back in 2000, and all other type of fuel was banned.. With every standard ingredients causing polluted emission were refined Two Strokes Engines, uses premix of oil & gasoline, produces more Smoke and pollutants
- A human in one day inhale 15000 liters of Oxygen and with this air/oxygen pollutants also enter in the body and affect by one way or other
- Shutting down factories- withering economy- unemployment-poverty and law & order From last few years we have to close out schools for a longer period of times, which is considered as more suitable time of study as compared to summers. Summer Vacations Damage to infrastructure- primary to secondary pollutants combine with others change chemically and become acidic in nature
- Regulations & Policies : On pollution control, vehicle emission standards, and fuel quality can bring down the pollution Enforcement: Effectiveness of policy depends on enforcement. If laws are not enforced even stringent regulations can be ineffective Public Transport Policies: Investment and development in public transpo can influence private vehicles on road to bring pollution dn Economic Incentives: Financial incentives for buying electric or hybrid vehicles, Public transport usage loyalty points Public willingness & awareness: Cultural attitudes: not a matter of pride to have one person in a car Life style choices: Higher preferences for walking, biking, carpooling, public transportation, reducing pollution Advancement in Vehicular Tech: prevalence of electric or hybrid vehicles, which emit less pollution, Infra structure development: availability of infrastructure for such vehicles, like charging stations, Roads underpasses to avoid congestions Public Transport Technology: efficient public transportation technologies can decrease the number of private vehicles, Mass Transit System
- 2 factors Emission Controls and Better Management. Divided in 03 parts
- 1-Govt Depts work in Silos, don’t hare information with others. We need policy to keep information flowing. It will abridge research gaps 2-VICS: Vehicular Inspection and Certification system, enforced since Jul 26, 2016. Inspection interval after every 06 months. Initially Public Service Vehicles are inspected, (Ricshaws, Taxis, Busees, Trucks & Vans) 3- Pakistanis living in the country can not import used vehicle. It can only be imported in Baggage, Gift or Transfer of residence by the Pakistani living abroad.
- 3-Japan: an car user keeps a car for about 04 years. Average life of car is 13.84. car is registered only for 03 years, after that it has to be renewed on heavy charges and stringent maintenance regimes. But we ppl in pak are fond of Corolla 86, a 5 decades old car now. Here comes the role of Govt, we should plan polices as that to reduce taxes and duties. Adopt long terms approaches for sustainable environment, we have to decide either to go for expensive, sub standard, technological backward vehicles or import cheap latest ones.
- 1-Euro II-V,VI Cleanliness of fuel, limits/refine fuel certain chemical elements in the fuel like, Sulphur, Lead and other… with the advancements of technology there would be no harmful elements in fuel rather filtered. With less pollutants not only combustion is good but low emissions 2-catalytic converter filters out harmful byproducts in the exhaust gases and burns them up. And while the main function of a catalytic converter is to reduce harmful emissions, it also improves your car's efficiency.