Mandatory requirement for SMC

1. National Institute of
Management, Karachi
28th Senior Management Course
(26th October to 29th January, 2021)
Current Issue Presentation (CIP)
“Causes & Issues of Smog in Punjab: Way Forward”
by
Muhammad Yousaf
(FBR)
Faculty Advisor: Mr. Asif Ali Kakepota
Dated : 25th November, 2020
1

2. Sequence of Presentation
 Introduction
 Currency of the Topic
 Statement of Problem
 Major Factors of Smog
 Sector Wise Contribution of Smog
 Impacts of Smog and Precautionary measures
 Critical Analysis
 Conclusion
 Way Forward/Action Plan
2

3. Over View of Punjab Province
•Total Area 205,344 km²
•Population 110.012 (M)
•Capital City Lahore
•Population 12.188 (M)
•No of District 36
•Area Rank 2nd in Pakistan

4. Currency of the Topic
 The Lahore High Court on Thursday summoned the deputy
commissioner of Lahore and director general of Provincial
Disaster Management Authority (PDMA) to explain their
position on the aggravating situation of smog*.
 LAHORE, Pakistan (AP) — A thick blanket of smog enveloped
Pakistan's cultural capital of Lahore on Wednesday, prompting
officials to warn that tens of thousands of the city's residents risk
respiratory disease and eye-related problems while doctors urged
people to stay at home.**
 Advertisement in the newspaper (Dawn 01-11-2020)from
Provincial Disaster Management Authority (PDMA) regarding
establishment of Smog Monitoring Cell and informing the
public for taking precautionary measures against Smog.
4Source: The Express Tribune 18th August 2011
*www.dawn.com issue 06-11-2020
**www.yahoo.com

5. 5

6. Statement of Problem
“Smog is type of air pollution. Smog affected most
part of the world including Pakistan’s populous
province Punjab. It has affected our homes, weather,
and health”
6

7. Key Research Questions
 What are the Causes of Smog ?
 What are the effects of Smog on Man and
Environment ?
 What actions have been taken by the Punjab
Government to combat the Smog ?
7

8. Smog
 Smog is kind of intense air pollution
 Mixture of smoke and fog.
 It is generally formed in winter
under calm, stable & moist condition
 A combination of several types
of pollutants (nitrogen oxides, sulphur oxides, aerosols,
smoke or particulates, etc.) with fog.
 Punjab Capital city, Lahore is most effected from Smog as
well as Los Angeles, Beijing, Delhi, Mexico City and
Tehran.
8

9. Causes of Smog
Photochemical smog is produced when sunlight reacts with
nitrogen oxides and at least one volatile organic compound
(VOC) in the atmosphere. Nitrogen oxides come from car
exhaust, and factory emissions. ... When sunlight hits these
chemicals, they form airborne particles and ground-level
ozone—or smog.
9

10. Industrial Smog
Produced from coal-burning plants and
is common in rainy industrial centers
10

11. Sector wise Contribution of Smog
 Transport Sector 43%
 Industrial 25%
 Agricultural Sector 20%
 Others 12%
11
source http://www.fao.org/pakistan/news/detail-
events/en/c/1179183

12. Transport Sector
 Vehicular emissions
 Public transport poor engine maintenance
 Two-Stroke Engine of motor cycles, chingchi, and
rickshaws.
12

13. Continued
13
The number of vehicles in the province has jumped from approximately
6.6 million to 16.2 million from 2008 to 2016, in just 8 years, an average
annual growth rate of about 12% for this period
The Punjab Clean Air Action Plan
6.6
7.2
7.9
8.9
10.1
11.3
13.5
14.5
16.2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
VEHICLE POPULATION(IN MILLION)
TOTAL VEHICLES

14. Continued
14
3.5
4.2
5.1
6.1
7.2
8.4
9.8
11.2
12.7
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
VEHICLE POPULATION(IN MILLION)
MOTOR CYCLES

15. Industrial Sector
 Industrial Estates of Different Cities.
 Cement, sugar and fertilizer units are also responsible
for air pollution.
 Brick kilns
15
Figure: Traditional Bull Trench Vs. Zig-Zag Induced
Draught Brick Kiln

16. Agricultural Sector
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the
United Nations has found a relationship between
smog and the practice of rice residue burning
16

17. Effects of Smog on Man and
Environment
 Smog is responsible for different respiratory diseases
including :
 Asthma,
 Bronchitis
 Lungs infection
 Cancer
 Pulmonary emphysema.
17

18. Environment
Smog also causes damage to Environment like:
 Material Damage
 Damage to Vegetation
 Damage to farm animals and livestock
 Darkening of sky and reduction in visibility
18

19. Smog Controlling Institutions in Punjab
 Punjab has enacted the Punjab Environmental Protection
(Amendment) Act, 2012, by adopting the Pakistan
Environment Protection Act, 1997, to the framework of the
province.
 Punjab Environmental Protection Department is
responsible to administer and implement the provisions of
Environment Protection Act & rules
 The Provincial Disaster Management Authority (PDMA) is
a comprehensive endeavor towards combating natural or
man-induced disasters at the Provincial level and securing
lives and livelihoods of the affected people.
19

20. Functions of Environment and
Protection Department
 Implement the provisions of Environment Protection Act and the rules
and regulations made there under
 Issuance of Environment Approvals for different projects
 Certify the Environmental Laboratories in Punjab
 Prepare and establish the Punjab Environmental Quality Standards
with approval of the Council and Enforcement
 Resolve the Public Complaints regarding Environmental Issues
 Take measures to promote research and development of science and
technology which may contribute to the prevention of pollution,
protection of the environment and sustainable development
 Promote Environmental awareness through
Seminars/workshops/trainings
 Encourage the formation and working of non-government, community
and village organizations to prevent and control pollution and promote
sustainable development
20

21. Precautionary Measures Against Smog
 Avoid being outdoors near heavy traffic areas to minimize
exposure.
 When outside, take rest breaks in the shade & drink plenty of
water.
 Avoid strenuous work outdoors.
 Reduce your contribution to pollution by avoiding driving &
smoking.
 If driving is unavoidable, drive slow & use headlights plus fog
lights / blinkers / hazards even in say time.
 When indoors, close windows & other inlets of air.
 For people with asthma & / or chronic Obstructive Pulmonary
disease, have your inhaler with you at all times. Keep your doctor
on speed dial if your condition has the potential to worsen.
21www.pdma.gop.pk

22. Continued
 Important to note that smog affects everyone
differently & some people are more susceptible to its
negative effects.
 Children, elders & people with asthma need to be
especially careful on smoggy days.
 Bike users must use face masks & glasses to protect
their eyes.
 Drink plenty of water & wash your eyes frequently.
22

23. Daily Smog Situation Report by
PDMA on Dated 20-11-2020
Description Till
20-11-2020
Yesterday
Activities
Today
Activities
Total
Fine imposed
(Consolidated)
38,244,140 636,250 513,950 39,394,340
Fine by Transport
Department
11,198,200 277,650 223,450 11,699,300
Fine by Industries
Department
150,000 10,000 - 160,000
Fine by Traffic Police 19,417,650 65,800 39,700 19,523,150
Fine by Local Government
Department
7,478,290 282,800 250,800 8,011,890
FIRs /Complaints 5,178 95 54 5,327
Persons Arrested 458 16 4 478
Vehicles Fined 69,968 792 565 71,325
Vehicles Impounded 8,379 102 98 8,579
Industries Sealed 2,055 59 34 2,148
Brick Kilns Sealed 523 57 33 613
23source http://pdma.gop.pk/node/517

24. Environment Protection Dept.
 Air Quality Index (AQI) Status according to SMOG
Policy 2017
24

25. Air Quality Index
Lahore Air Quality
Index
Parameter
used for AQI
Status Advisory
Jail Road 158 PM2.5 Satisfactory Wear Masks
Town Hall 121 CO Satisfactory Wear Masks
Sundar
Industrial
Estate Phase 1
212 O3 Moderate Wear Masks ,
Glasses & Stay
Hydrated
25
Source Punjab Environment & Protection Dept
Data dated 12-11-2020

26. Critical analysis
 No political will in Punjab due to non implementation of the
Punjab Clean Air Action Plan despite the fact that people are
continuously suffering from smog (2016 to onward).
 The Smog Commission’s recommendations, released in May
2018, appear to be headed for the same fate as Punjab’s
Environment Protection Department (EPD) has failed to
procure the 240 air-quality monitors (AQMS) after 2.5 years.
 Poor coordination among the Provincial Departments to control
the Smog.
 Punjab Govt. has sucessfuly run the Metro buses in Lahore,
Rawalpindi/Islamabad, Multan & Orange train in Lahore to
reduce the emissions from Vehicules.
 Defoerstion in Punjab was disaster but current PTI Govt has
planted over a billion trees*
26*source www.weforum.org

27. London action plan to combat the Smog
Key achievements from 2013 – 2018 Action Plan Including:
 Providing London’s largest number of Electric Vehicle
charging points;
 Delivering the Marylebone Low Emission Neighborhood (LEN),
a three-year partnership program that delivered schemes such as
London’s first diesel surcharge for pay to park bays;
 Launching our nationally award-winning awareness raising
campaign to cut unnecessary engine idling, #DontBeIdle;
 Adopting an industry-leading Code of Construction Practice to
mitigate and manage emissions from new development;
 Leadership on air quality issues, including partnering on cutting
edge research on best practice across the world with research
institutes including King’s College London.
27www.westminster.gov.uk/airquality

28. Conclusion
Smog is serious problem for our health and
environment. Pakistan is already ranked third in the
world - behind China and India - for the number of
deaths caused by pollution, with 125,000 people killed
annually. It is a matter of emergency but the Punjab
Government did nothing because environment happens
to be at the bottom of the list. So Punjab needs to
implement the Smog Commission’s recommendations,
released in May 2018 rather than perform a set of
superficial tasks like issuing notices to a few individuals
or blaming the toxic air on India.
28

29. Way Forward/Action Plan
S
#
Activity Responsibility Time
Frame
1 Issuance of health
advisory
Primary & Secondary Healthcare Department
Information Department
Environmental Protection Agency
Immediate
2 Issuance of traffic
advisory
Additional IG Traffic
Information Department
Environmental Protection Agency
Immediate
3 Ban on burning of
crop residue
Home Department
Deputy Commissioner and District Police Officer
of the respective district
Immediate
4 Shutting down of
major smoke
emitting industries
Environmental Protection Agency
Deputy Commissioner and District Police Officer of
the respective district
Immediate
5 Introduction of
low-sulphur fuels
Ministry of Petroleum, Islamabad
Industries Department
Environment Protection Department
Immediate
29

30. 30
S# Activity Responsibility Time Frame
6 Two Day
Weekly Holidays
Home Department Immediate
7 Controlling
burning of
municipal waste
Local Government Department
Agriculture Department
Immediate
8 Installation of
catalytic
converters in
vehicles
Ministry of Industries & Production,
Islamabad
Industries Department
Transport Department
Within one year
9 Building capacity
to monitor and
forecast episodes
of high air
Environment Protection Department
Planning & Development Department
Finance Department
Within one year
10 Creating
woodlands
around major
cities
Board of Revenue, Punjab
Forest Department
One Year
11 Planned urban
and industrial
development
Industries Department
LG & CD Department
HUD&PHE Department
3 years

31. 31
S# Activity Responsibility Time Frame
12 Greening of
industrial
processes
Industries Department
Environment Protection Department
Immediate on future
industries and 3
years on existing
13 Electric Vehicle
charging points
Ministry of Petroleum
Ministry of Industries
5 years
14 Draft Zig-Zag
Brick Kiln
technology
Environment Protection Department
All Pakistan Brick Kilns Owners
Association
5 years
15 Leadership on air
quality issues
Higher Education Department
Environment Protection Department
One year
16 Regional
environmental
agreements
Ministry of Climate Change
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Environment Protection Department
TBD

32.  During the meeting Mussolini asked Allama Iqbal to give some
exceptional Suggestion
 Allama Iqbal Smiled and replied, Our prophet said:
“Do not allow overcrowding of the cities. Limit the size of the
population of a city and after that limit instead of allowing them
to settle there, create new settlements and cities for them”
 Bemused, Mussolini requested Iqbal to elaborate further. Iqbal
said, “As population of a city increases, its moral values and
economic power start waning. Worst, immoral activities start
challenging the cultural strength.”
 Mussolini stared Allama Iqbal for a moment and then he stood
up and spoke in an enthusiastic voice. “I’m amazed by the idea,”.
32
Islam’s Solution

33. 33
Question & Answer Session