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INGENIERIA EÓLICA
POSGRADO EN INGENIERÍA ESTRUCTURAL
UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA METROPOLITANA
Prof. Emilio Sordo Zabay
Área de Estructuras
27 de mayo de 2014
1
INGENIERIA EÓLICA
POSGRADO EN INGENIERÍA ESTRUCTURAL
UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA METROPOLITANA
Prof. Emilio Sordo Zabay
Área de Estructuras
27 de mayo de 2014
2
NORMAS AUSTRALIANAS/NEOZELANDESAS AS/NZS1170.2:2002 (2011)
•Category 1 —Exposed open terrain with few or no obstructions, water surfaces at serviceability wind
speeds. (Z0=0.002)
•Category 2 —Water surfaces, open terrain, grassland with few, well-scattered obstructions having heights
generally from 1.5 m to 10 m. (Z0=0.02)
•Category 3 —Terrain with numerous closely spaced obstructions 3 m to 5 m high such as areas of
suburban housing. (Z0=0.2)
•Category 4 —Terrain with numerous large, high (10 m to 30 m high) and closely spaced obstructions such
as large city centres and well-developed industrial complexes. (Z0=2)
Selection of terrain category shall be made with due regard to the permanence of the obstructions that
constitute the surface roughness. In particular, vegetation in tropical cyclonic regions shall not be
relied upon to maintain surface roughness during wind events.
Interpolation for roughness length (zo) between terrain categories is permitted according to the following
equation: zo = 2 × 10(terrain category –4).
For sites with open water (sea or lakes) upwind, the roughness length (zo) varies with wave height and spray
density. A general rule would be for extreme winds (ultimate limit state), zo = 0.02 m (Terrain Category 2) and
for less winds (serviceability limit state), zo = 0.002 m (Terrain Category 1). Coastal waters are estimated to
develop surface roughness equivalent to at least Terrain Category 2 during a tropical cyclone. Wooded terrain
bordering the coast is unlikely to remain in place during cyclones for ultimate limit states.
Terrain Category 4 conservatively covers city centres, where high-rise development of very tall buildings and
structures occurs. The only way of determining true design wind speeds and loads in such locations is
through specific model or full-scale studies.
Exposure multipliers for particular sites may also be determined through specific model or full-scale studies.
INGENIERIA EÓLICA
POSGRADO EN INGENIERÍA ESTRUCTURAL
UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA METROPOLITANA
Prof. Emilio Sordo Zabay
Área de Estructuras
27 de mayo de 2014
3
NORMAS AUSTRALIANAS/NEOZELANDESAS AS/NZS1170.2/2002
INGENIERIA EÓLICA
POSGRADO EN INGENIERÍA ESTRUCTURAL
UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA METROPOLITANA
Prof. Emilio Sordo Zabay
Área de Estructuras
27 de mayo de 2014
4
CATEGORÍA 2
CATEGORÍA 3
CATEGORÍA 4
NORMAS AUSTRALIANAS/NEOZELANDESAS AS/NZS1170.2/2002
INGENIERIA EÓLICA
POSGRADO EN INGENIERÍA ESTRUCTURAL
UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA METROPOLITANA
Prof. Emilio Sordo Zabay
Área de Estructuras
27 de mayo de 2014
5
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
CAT 1
CAT 4
REGIONES NO CICLÓNICAS
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
CAT 1
CAT 4
REGIONES CICLÓNICAS
NORMAS AUSTRALIANAS/NEOZELANDESAS AS/NZS1170.2/2002
Factor multiplicativo Mz,cat referido a la
velocidad a 10m de altura en terreno cat 2
INGENIERIA EÓLICA
POSGRADO EN INGENIERÍA ESTRUCTURAL
UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA METROPOLITANA
Prof. Emilio Sordo Zabay
Área de Estructuras
27 de mayo de 2014
6
Case 1: All components, cladding and main wind force resisting system in low-rise buildings.
Case 2: All main wind force resisting systems in high and medium-rise buildings and other
structures.
Exposure B: Urban and suburban areas, wooded areas, or other terrain with numerous
closely spaced obstructions having the size of single-family dwellings or larger.
Exposure C: All cases where Exposures B or D do not apply.
Exposure D: Flat, unobstructed areas and water surfaces outside hurricane prone regions.
MINIMUM DESIGN LOADS FOR BUILDINGS AND OTHER STRUCTURES ASCE/SEI 7/05
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2
Exp. B
Exp. C
Exp. D
Exposición a zg (ft) zg (m)
B (urbano) 7.0 1200 365.76
C 9.5 900 274.32
D (abierto) 11.5 700 213.36
157.0
014.5 
 za
125.0
0450zzg 
Expresiones aproximadas (z0 en m):
INGENIERIA EÓLICA
POSGRADO EN INGENIERÍA ESTRUCTURAL
UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA METROPOLITANA
Prof. Emilio Sordo Zabay
Área de Estructuras
27 de mayo de 2014
7
NTC – RDF 2004
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2
CAT 1
CAT 2
CAT 3
CAT 4
INGENIERIA EÓLICA
POSGRADO EN INGENIERÍA ESTRUCTURAL
UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA METROPOLITANA
Prof. Emilio Sordo Zabay
Área de Estructuras
27 de mayo de 2014
8
Dado que el viento de referencia se
define en terreno R2 a una altura de
10m, y que a grandes alturas el viento
no depende de la rugosidad, estos
valores se deben de corregir. La
corrección que propone las
NTCRDF2004 se encuentra en la tabla
del factor de rugosidad y topografía, y
son:
8780
7711
5551
3
3
2 .
.
.

R
R
F
F
FR
a
a
8120
9141
5551
4
4
2 .
.
.

R
R
F
F
FR
a
a
1331
3731
5551
1
1
2 .
.
.

R
R
F
F
FR
a
a
01
5551
5551
2
2
2 .
.
.

R
R
F
F
FR
a
a
OJO: En terreno de tipo R1, el factor de topografía y rugosidad,
FTR, se tomará en todos los casos igual a 1.0.
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7
CAT 1
CAT 2
CAT 3
CAT 4
NTC – RDF 2004
INGENIERIA EÓLICA
POSGRADO EN INGENIERÍA ESTRUCTURAL
UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA METROPOLITANA
Prof. Emilio Sordo Zabay
Área de Estructuras
27 de mayo de 2014
9
MANUAL DE OBRAS CIVILES CFE 1993
Categoría 1: Terreno plano sin obstrucciones
Categoría 2: Terreno con pocas obstrucciones
Categoría 3: Terreno cubierto por numerosas obstrucciones
Categoría 4: Terreno cubierto por numerosas obstrucciones
largas y altas
Clase A: Recubrimientos y estructuras pequeñas
Clase B: Estructuras medianas
Clase C: Estructuras grandes
a
A B C d (m) Z0 (m)
1 (liso) 0.099 0.101 0.105 245 0.002
2 0.128 0.131 0.138 315 0.02
3 0.156 0.160 0.171 390 0.2
4 (rugoso) 0.170 0.177 0.193 455 2.0
d
d
d
d
a
a















zF
zm
z
F
mzF
rz
rz
rz
56.1
1056.1
10
10
56.1
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7
1-A
1-C
4-A
4-C
INGENIERIA EÓLICA
POSGRADO EN INGENIERÍA ESTRUCTURAL
UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA METROPOLITANA
Prof. Emilio Sordo Zabay
Área de Estructuras
27 de mayo de 2014
10
CFE 2008
INGENIERIA EÓLICA
POSGRADO EN INGENIERÍA ESTRUCTURAL
UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA METROPOLITANA
Prof. Emilio Sordo Zabay
Área de Estructuras
27 de mayo de 2014
11
z 1A-93 1-08 4A-93 4-08
5 1.137 1.137 0.815 0.815
10 1.137 1.137 0.815 0.815
15 1.183 1.184 0.873 0.873
20 1.217 1.218 0.917 0.917
30 1.267 1.268 0.983 0.982
40 1.304 1.304 1.032 1.032
50 1.333 1.333 1.072 1.071
75 1.387 1.388 1.148 1.148
100 1.428 1.428 1.206 1.205
150 1.486 1.487 1.292 1.291
200 1.529 1.530 1.357 1.356
250 1.560 1.561 1.409 1.409
300 1.560 1.561 1.453 1.453
400 1.560 1.561 1.526 1.526
500 1.560 1.561 1.560 1.560
COMPARACIÓN CFE 2008 vs CFE 1993
INGENIERIA EÓLICA
POSGRADO EN INGENIERÍA ESTRUCTURAL
UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA METROPOLITANA
Prof. Emilio Sordo Zabay
Área de Estructuras
27 de mayo de 2014
12
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1
Exp. D
Exp. B
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1
CAT 1
CAT 4
REGIONES NO CICLÓNICAS
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1
CAT 1
CAT 4
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1
1-A
4-A
MDOC CFE 93
MDLBS ASCE/SEI 7/05AS/NZS1170.2/2002
NTCV RDF04
COMPARACIÓN ENTRE REGLAMENTOS
INGENIERIA EÓLICA
POSGRADO EN INGENIERÍA ESTRUCTURAL
UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA METROPOLITANA
Prof. Emilio Sordo Zabay
Área de Estructuras
27 de mayo de 2014
13
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1
CAT 1
CAT 4
REGIONES CICLÓNICAS
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1
ASNZ02
ASCE 05
RDF 04
CFE 93
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1
ASNZ 02
ASCE 05
RDF 04
CFE 93
COMPARACIÓN ENTRE REGLAMENTOS

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INGENIERIA EÓLICA POSGRADO EN INGENIERÍA ESTRUCTURAL

  • 1. INGENIERIA EÓLICA POSGRADO EN INGENIERÍA ESTRUCTURAL UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA METROPOLITANA Prof. Emilio Sordo Zabay Área de Estructuras 27 de mayo de 2014 1
  • 2. INGENIERIA EÓLICA POSGRADO EN INGENIERÍA ESTRUCTURAL UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA METROPOLITANA Prof. Emilio Sordo Zabay Área de Estructuras 27 de mayo de 2014 2 NORMAS AUSTRALIANAS/NEOZELANDESAS AS/NZS1170.2:2002 (2011) •Category 1 —Exposed open terrain with few or no obstructions, water surfaces at serviceability wind speeds. (Z0=0.002) •Category 2 —Water surfaces, open terrain, grassland with few, well-scattered obstructions having heights generally from 1.5 m to 10 m. (Z0=0.02) •Category 3 —Terrain with numerous closely spaced obstructions 3 m to 5 m high such as areas of suburban housing. (Z0=0.2) •Category 4 —Terrain with numerous large, high (10 m to 30 m high) and closely spaced obstructions such as large city centres and well-developed industrial complexes. (Z0=2) Selection of terrain category shall be made with due regard to the permanence of the obstructions that constitute the surface roughness. In particular, vegetation in tropical cyclonic regions shall not be relied upon to maintain surface roughness during wind events. Interpolation for roughness length (zo) between terrain categories is permitted according to the following equation: zo = 2 × 10(terrain category –4). For sites with open water (sea or lakes) upwind, the roughness length (zo) varies with wave height and spray density. A general rule would be for extreme winds (ultimate limit state), zo = 0.02 m (Terrain Category 2) and for less winds (serviceability limit state), zo = 0.002 m (Terrain Category 1). Coastal waters are estimated to develop surface roughness equivalent to at least Terrain Category 2 during a tropical cyclone. Wooded terrain bordering the coast is unlikely to remain in place during cyclones for ultimate limit states. Terrain Category 4 conservatively covers city centres, where high-rise development of very tall buildings and structures occurs. The only way of determining true design wind speeds and loads in such locations is through specific model or full-scale studies. Exposure multipliers for particular sites may also be determined through specific model or full-scale studies.
  • 3. INGENIERIA EÓLICA POSGRADO EN INGENIERÍA ESTRUCTURAL UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA METROPOLITANA Prof. Emilio Sordo Zabay Área de Estructuras 27 de mayo de 2014 3 NORMAS AUSTRALIANAS/NEOZELANDESAS AS/NZS1170.2/2002
  • 4. INGENIERIA EÓLICA POSGRADO EN INGENIERÍA ESTRUCTURAL UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA METROPOLITANA Prof. Emilio Sordo Zabay Área de Estructuras 27 de mayo de 2014 4 CATEGORÍA 2 CATEGORÍA 3 CATEGORÍA 4 NORMAS AUSTRALIANAS/NEOZELANDESAS AS/NZS1170.2/2002
  • 5. INGENIERIA EÓLICA POSGRADO EN INGENIERÍA ESTRUCTURAL UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA METROPOLITANA Prof. Emilio Sordo Zabay Área de Estructuras 27 de mayo de 2014 5 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 CAT 1 CAT 4 REGIONES NO CICLÓNICAS 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 CAT 1 CAT 4 REGIONES CICLÓNICAS NORMAS AUSTRALIANAS/NEOZELANDESAS AS/NZS1170.2/2002 Factor multiplicativo Mz,cat referido a la velocidad a 10m de altura en terreno cat 2
  • 6. INGENIERIA EÓLICA POSGRADO EN INGENIERÍA ESTRUCTURAL UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA METROPOLITANA Prof. Emilio Sordo Zabay Área de Estructuras 27 de mayo de 2014 6 Case 1: All components, cladding and main wind force resisting system in low-rise buildings. Case 2: All main wind force resisting systems in high and medium-rise buildings and other structures. Exposure B: Urban and suburban areas, wooded areas, or other terrain with numerous closely spaced obstructions having the size of single-family dwellings or larger. Exposure C: All cases where Exposures B or D do not apply. Exposure D: Flat, unobstructed areas and water surfaces outside hurricane prone regions. MINIMUM DESIGN LOADS FOR BUILDINGS AND OTHER STRUCTURES ASCE/SEI 7/05 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 Exp. B Exp. C Exp. D Exposición a zg (ft) zg (m) B (urbano) 7.0 1200 365.76 C 9.5 900 274.32 D (abierto) 11.5 700 213.36 157.0 014.5   za 125.0 0450zzg  Expresiones aproximadas (z0 en m):
  • 7. INGENIERIA EÓLICA POSGRADO EN INGENIERÍA ESTRUCTURAL UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA METROPOLITANA Prof. Emilio Sordo Zabay Área de Estructuras 27 de mayo de 2014 7 NTC – RDF 2004 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2 CAT 1 CAT 2 CAT 3 CAT 4
  • 8. INGENIERIA EÓLICA POSGRADO EN INGENIERÍA ESTRUCTURAL UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA METROPOLITANA Prof. Emilio Sordo Zabay Área de Estructuras 27 de mayo de 2014 8 Dado que el viento de referencia se define en terreno R2 a una altura de 10m, y que a grandes alturas el viento no depende de la rugosidad, estos valores se deben de corregir. La corrección que propone las NTCRDF2004 se encuentra en la tabla del factor de rugosidad y topografía, y son: 8780 7711 5551 3 3 2 . . .  R R F F FR a a 8120 9141 5551 4 4 2 . . .  R R F F FR a a 1331 3731 5551 1 1 2 . . .  R R F F FR a a 01 5551 5551 2 2 2 . . .  R R F F FR a a OJO: En terreno de tipo R1, el factor de topografía y rugosidad, FTR, se tomará en todos los casos igual a 1.0. 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 CAT 1 CAT 2 CAT 3 CAT 4 NTC – RDF 2004
  • 9. INGENIERIA EÓLICA POSGRADO EN INGENIERÍA ESTRUCTURAL UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA METROPOLITANA Prof. Emilio Sordo Zabay Área de Estructuras 27 de mayo de 2014 9 MANUAL DE OBRAS CIVILES CFE 1993 Categoría 1: Terreno plano sin obstrucciones Categoría 2: Terreno con pocas obstrucciones Categoría 3: Terreno cubierto por numerosas obstrucciones Categoría 4: Terreno cubierto por numerosas obstrucciones largas y altas Clase A: Recubrimientos y estructuras pequeñas Clase B: Estructuras medianas Clase C: Estructuras grandes a A B C d (m) Z0 (m) 1 (liso) 0.099 0.101 0.105 245 0.002 2 0.128 0.131 0.138 315 0.02 3 0.156 0.160 0.171 390 0.2 4 (rugoso) 0.170 0.177 0.193 455 2.0 d d d d a a                zF zm z F mzF rz rz rz 56.1 1056.1 10 10 56.1 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1-A 1-C 4-A 4-C
  • 10. INGENIERIA EÓLICA POSGRADO EN INGENIERÍA ESTRUCTURAL UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA METROPOLITANA Prof. Emilio Sordo Zabay Área de Estructuras 27 de mayo de 2014 10 CFE 2008
  • 11. INGENIERIA EÓLICA POSGRADO EN INGENIERÍA ESTRUCTURAL UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA METROPOLITANA Prof. Emilio Sordo Zabay Área de Estructuras 27 de mayo de 2014 11 z 1A-93 1-08 4A-93 4-08 5 1.137 1.137 0.815 0.815 10 1.137 1.137 0.815 0.815 15 1.183 1.184 0.873 0.873 20 1.217 1.218 0.917 0.917 30 1.267 1.268 0.983 0.982 40 1.304 1.304 1.032 1.032 50 1.333 1.333 1.072 1.071 75 1.387 1.388 1.148 1.148 100 1.428 1.428 1.206 1.205 150 1.486 1.487 1.292 1.291 200 1.529 1.530 1.357 1.356 250 1.560 1.561 1.409 1.409 300 1.560 1.561 1.453 1.453 400 1.560 1.561 1.526 1.526 500 1.560 1.561 1.560 1.560 COMPARACIÓN CFE 2008 vs CFE 1993
  • 12. INGENIERIA EÓLICA POSGRADO EN INGENIERÍA ESTRUCTURAL UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA METROPOLITANA Prof. Emilio Sordo Zabay Área de Estructuras 27 de mayo de 2014 12 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 Exp. D Exp. B 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 CAT 1 CAT 4 REGIONES NO CICLÓNICAS 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 CAT 1 CAT 4 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1-A 4-A MDOC CFE 93 MDLBS ASCE/SEI 7/05AS/NZS1170.2/2002 NTCV RDF04 COMPARACIÓN ENTRE REGLAMENTOS
  • 13. INGENIERIA EÓLICA POSGRADO EN INGENIERÍA ESTRUCTURAL UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA METROPOLITANA Prof. Emilio Sordo Zabay Área de Estructuras 27 de mayo de 2014 13 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 CAT 1 CAT 4 REGIONES CICLÓNICAS 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 ASNZ02 ASCE 05 RDF 04 CFE 93 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 ASNZ 02 ASCE 05 RDF 04 CFE 93 COMPARACIÓN ENTRE REGLAMENTOS