This document discusses geopolymer concrete as an innovative and eco-friendly construction material. It is made from aluminosilicate materials like fly ash or slag in combination with an alkaline activator solution. Geopolymer concrete offers advantages over traditional concrete like lower CO2 emissions, utilization of waste materials, and improved durability. The document outlines the constituents, mixing process, properties and applications of geopolymer concrete. Some drawbacks include the need for special handling and the corrosiveness of the alkaline activators. In conclusion, geopolymer concrete is a promising construction material due to its sustainability and performance benefits.

1. GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE
Submitted by,
Nimaz Asharaf
Submitted to,
Dr. Kanish Kapoor 1

2. CONTENTS
 Introduction
 Advantages of geopolymer concrete
 Constituents
 Process and Mechanism
 Properties of geopolymer concrete
 Applications
 Disadvantage
 Conclusion
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3. INTRODUCTION
 Geopolymer concrete is an innovative, eco-
friendly construction material.
 Commonly used binding materials are fly ash,
ground granulated blast furnace slag, silica fume,
metakaolin along with alkali activators.
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4. ADVANTAGES OF GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE
 Reduces the demand of OPC which leads to
CO2 emission.
 Utilise waste materials from industries such as
ash, silica-fume, GGBS.
 Protect water bodies from contamination due to
fly ash disposal.
 Conserve acres of land that would have been used
for coal combustion products disposal.
 Produce a more durable infrastructure.
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5. CONSTITUENTS
 Materials rich in Aluminosilicate.
 Coarse aggregate
 Fine aggregate
 Admixture
 Alkaline activator solution
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6. ALKALINE ACTIVATORS
 It is used for activation of aluminosilicate raw
material
 Alkali activators used are sodium hydroxide,
sodium silicate, potassium hydroxide, potassium
silicate.
 Commonly used alkali activators are NaOH and
Na2SiO3 since it leads to higher geopolymerisation
rate.
 K2SiO3 solution rarely used because of high cost
and lack of easy availability.
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7.  Fly ash
 It is a by-product from coal fired power plants.
 It is also called flue ash.
 It is obtained by electrostatic precipitation of
the flue gases.
 There are two types of flyash Class C and Class
F.
ALUMINOSILICATE RAW MATERIALS
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8.  GROUNG GRANULATED BLAST FURNACE SLAG (GGBS)
 By product obtained from the Steel plant.
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CEMICAL
CONSTITUTION
CEMENT(%) GGBFS(%)
Calcium oxide 65 40
Silicon dioxide 20 35
Aluminium oxide 5 10
Magnesium oxide 2 8
TABLE 2-CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GGBS

9.  Silica fume
 Also called as micro silica or condensed
silica fume
 Produced during manufacture of silicon by
electric arc furnace
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10. MECHANISM
 Dissolution of Si and Al takes place through the action of the OH
ions.
 Tetrahedral aluminates and silicates are alternatively linked to
Si-O-Al-O bonds.
 Water consumed during the dissolution are released which is
contrary to hydration of the OPC. 10

11. PROPERTIES OF GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE
 High workability
 High compressive strength
 Geopolymer concrete with compressive strength up to 70MPa have
been found.
 Rate of gain of strength is high initially.
 Initial strength of geopolymer concrete is found to be higher than
normal concrete.
 It has low heat of hydration in comparison to the cement concrete.
 Fire resistance is better than OPC based concrete.
 Chloride permeability is low. So offers better protection to reinforcement from
corrosion.
 High acid resistance when exposed to 2% and 10% sulphuric acid solution.
 Drying shrinkage of its much less compared to cement concrete.
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12. APPLICATIONS
 Marine structures construction due resistance against chemical
attack.
 Pavements
 Retaining walls
 Water tanks
 Precast bridge decks
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13. RETAINING WALL
 40MPa precast panels were used to build a retaining wall
 panels were 6m long and 2.4m wide
 these panels were cured under ambient condition
FIGURE 6 – PRECASTE GEOPOLYMER RETAINING WALLS FOR A PRIVATE RESIDENCE
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14. BOAT RAMP
 Approach slab on ground to ramp was made using geopolymer
reinforced with fiber
 Entire constituents remained dormant until activator chemicals
were added
FIGURE8 – BOAT RAMP CONSTRUCTED WITH BOTH IN-SITE AND PRECAST
GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE.
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15. DISADVANTAGES
 Requires special handling
 Chemicals like sodium hydroxide are harmful to
human beings.
 High cost for alkaline solution
 Geopolymerisation is sensitive so lacks
uniformity.
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16. CONCLUSION
 Geopolymer concrete is a promising construction
due to its low carbon dioxide emission
 High early strength, low creep and shrinkage, high acid and
fire resistance promotes its usage.
 Wide spread applications in precast industries due to
 Its high production in short duration
 less breakage during transportation
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17. THANK YOU
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