What Is a Satellite?
A satellite is a moon, planet or machine that orbits a planet or star. For example, Earth is a satellite because it orbits the sun. Likewise, the moon is a satellite because it orbits Earth. Usually, the word "satellite" refers to a machine that is launched into space and moves around Earth or another body in space.
Earth and the moon are examples of natural satellites. Thousands of artificial, or man-made, satellites orbit Earth. Some take pictures of the planet that help meteorologists predict weather and track hurricanes. Some take pictures of other planets, the sun, black holes, dark matter or faraway galaxies. These pictures help scientists better understand the solar system and universe.
Still other satellites are used mainly for communications, such as beaming TV signals and phone calls around the world. A group of more than 20 satellites make up the Global Positioning System, or GPS. If you have a GPS receiver, these satellites can help figure out your exact location.
Why Are Satellites Important?
The bird's-eye view that satellites have allows them to see large areas of Earth at one time. This ability means satellites can collect more data, more quickly, than instruments on the ground.
Satellites also can see into space better than telescopes at Earth's surface. That's because satellites fly above the clouds, dust and molecules in the atmosphere that can block the view from ground level.
Before satellites, TV signals didn't go very far. TV signals only travel in straight lines. So they would quickly trail off into space instead of following Earth's curve. Sometimes mountains or tall buildings would block them. Phone calls to faraway places were also a problem. Setting up telephone wires over long distances or underwater is difficult and costs a lot.
With satellites, TV signals and phone calls are sent upward to a satellite. Then, almost instantly, the satellite can send them back down to different locations on Earth.
Bangabandhu Satellite-I
Bangabandhu 1 (BD-1), the first geostationary communications satellite of Bangladesh, was developed by the Bangladesh Telecommunication Regulatory Commission (BTRC). The satellite was launched into geostationary earth orbit (GEO) in May 2018.
Located at 119.1°E longitude orbital position, Bangabandhu 1 provides broadcasting and telecommunication services to rural areas in Bangladesh. It also supports profitable services, including direct-to-home (DTH) services.
It offers Ku-band and C-band services across Bangladesh and its territorial waters of the Bay of Bengal, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, the Philippines, and Indonesia.
The satellite enables the nation to save approximately BDT1.08bn ($14m) spent on satellite rents a year. BTRC also plans to launch follow-on series of BD-2 and BD-3 satellites in phases.
2. NORTH WESTERN UNIVERSITY, KHULNA
Course Title: Radar & Satellite Communication
Course Code: EEE-3307
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Prepared By :- Md. Moyeenul Hasan Mukta
Roll :- 20183032021
Summited To :- Nusrat Jahan Limu
lecturer at north western university, Khulna
3. 3
Page Title
1 Top Page
2 Presentation outline
3 What is Satellite
5 Why Are Satellites Important?
5 What Are the Parts of a Satellite?
6 How Do Satellites Orbit Earth?
7 Orbital Classification
8 Introduction Bangabandhu Satellite-I
9 Bangabandhu satellite 1 design and development
10 BD-1 satellite launch vehicle details
11 Financing for Bangabandhu satellite 1
11 Ground control station
12 Baseline Characteristics of the country’s first Satellite:
13 Map of satellite's position
14 Operation
15 Reference
4. What Is a Satellite?
A satellite is a moon, planet or machine that orbits a planet or star. For example,
Earth is a satellite because it orbits the sun. Likewise, the moon is a satellite
because it orbits Earth. Usually, the word "satellite" refers to a machine that is
launched into space and moves around Earth or another body in space.
Earth and the moon are examples of natural satellites. Thousands of artificial, or
man-made, satellites orbit Earth. Some take pictures of the planet that help
meteorologists predict weather and track hurricanes. Some take pictures of other
planets, the sun, black holes, dark matter or faraway galaxies. These pictures help
scientists better understand the solar system and universe.
Still other satellites are used mainly for communications, such as beaming TV
signals and phone calls around the world. A group of more than 20 satellites make
up the Global Positioning System, or GPS. If you have a GPS receiver, these
satellites can help figure out your exact location.
NASA has more than a dozen Earth science
satellites in orbit. They help NASA study the
oceans, land and atmosphere.
5. Why Are Satellites Important?
5
The bird's-eye view that satellites have allows them to see large areas of Earth at one time. This ability means satellites can collect more
data, more quickly, than instruments on the ground.
Satellites also can see into space better than telescopes at Earth's surface. That's because satellites fly above the clouds, dust and molecules
in the atmosphere that can block the view from ground level.
Before satellites, TV signals didn't go very far. TV signals only travel in straight lines. So they would quickly trail off into space instead of
following Earth's curve. Sometimes mountains or tall buildings would block them. Phone calls to faraway places were also a problem.
Setting up telephone wires over long distances or underwater is difficult and costs a lot.
With satellites, TV signals and phone calls are sent upward to a satellite. Then, almost instantly, the satellite can send them back down to
different locations on Earth.
What Are the Parts of a Satellite?
Satellites come in many shapes and sizes. But most have at least two parts in common - an antenna and a power source. The
antenna sends and receives information, often to and from Earth. The power source can be a solar panel or battery. Solar panels
make power by turning sunlight into electricity.
Many NASA satellites carry cameras and scientific sensors. Sometimes these instruments point toward Earth to gather
information about its land, air and water. Other times they face toward space to collect data from the solar system and universe.
6. How Do Satellites Orbit Earth?
Most satellites are launched into space on rockets. A satellite
orbits Earth when its speed is balanced by the pull of Earth's
gravity. Without this balance, the satellite would fly in a straight
line off into space or fall back to Earth. Satellites orbit Earth at
different heights, different speeds and along different paths. The
two most common types of orbit are "geostationary" (jee-oh-
STAY-shun-air-ee) and "polar."
A geostationary satellite travels from west to east over the
equator. It moves in the same direction and at the same rate
Earth is spinning. From Earth, a geostationary satellite looks
like it is standing still since it is always above the same location.
Polar-orbiting satellites travel in a north-south direction from
pole to pole. As Earth spins underneath, these satellites can scan
the entire globe, one strip at a time.
8. Bangabandhu Satellite-I
Bangabandhu 1 (BD-1), the first geostationary communications
satellite of Bangladesh, was developed by the Bangladesh
Telecommunication Regulatory Commission (BTRC). The
satellite was launched into geostationary earth orbit (GEO) in
May 2018.
Located at 119.1°E longitude orbital position, Bangabandhu 1
provides broadcasting and telecommunication services to rural
areas in Bangladesh. It also supports profitable services, including
direct-to-home (DTH) services.
It offers Ku-band and C-band services across Bangladesh and its
territorial waters of the Bay of Bengal, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Sri
Lanka, the Philippines, and Indonesia.
The satellite enables the nation to save approximately BDT1.08bn
($14m) spent on satellite rents a year. BTRC also plans to launch
follow-on series of BD-2 and BD-3 satellites in phases.
8
Introduction
9. Bangabandhu satellite 1 design and development
Thales Alenia Space Belgium, Thales Alenia Space Italia and
Thales Alenia Space España were also involved in the
development of the satellite and its ground components.
Based on the Space bus 4000B2 platform developed by Thales Alenia Space, the Bangabandhu satellite has a launch mass of
3,500kg. It includes two deployable solar arrays with batteries and has a design lifespan of 15 years.
Thales Alania Space was selected as the prime contractor to
provide turnkey systems, including design, production, and
testing services for the BD-1 satellites, in November 2015. The
contractual scope also includes the development of the ground
segment.
BD-1 satellite’s communications module integration work was
carried out at Thales Alania Space’s plant located in Toulouse,
France.
The critical design review (CDR) of BD-1 satellite was
completed in January 2017. The service module for the satellite
was manufactured at Cannes and satellite mating was completed
in March 2017.
10. Bangabandhu satellite communication capabilities
The Bangabandhu satellite is fitted with 26 Ku-Band and 14 C-Band transponders. The major applications of the spacecraft
include DTH, very small aperture terminal (VSAT) communications, backhaul and trucking, network restoration, and
disaster preparedness and relief.
10
“The Bangabandhu
satellite 1 was launched
into geostationary earth
orbit (GEO) in May
2018.”
The primary service area (PSA) of the satellite is Bangladesh and neighboring countries, while
secondary service areas (SSA) include South East Asia, Europe, Middle East and North Africa
(MENA), as well as East Africa.
BD-1 satellite launch vehicle details
The satellite was launched on-board Falcon 9 version 1.2 rocket.
The launch operations were conducted from the SpaceX launch
site at Cape Canaveral, Florida, US.
11. Ground control station
11
Financing for Bangabandhu satellite 1
The development of the BD-1 satellite was completed at a cost of $248m. The Bangladeshi Executive Committee
of the National Economic Council (ECNEC) approved $37.58m in funding for the development of the country’s
first satellite in September 2014.
Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation (HSBC) provided $17.46m for the construction of the BD-1 and
its ground equipment.
The Bangabandhu satellite 1 is controlled by two ground stations, which are used for primary and back-up site
operations and control centers.
Thales Alenia Space provided tools for the ground segment for the mission planning and space operations monitoring. It
also built two ground facility buildings, which house the satellite control and network operations centers.
Spectra Engineers was contracted to execute the civil works of the ground facilities.
12. 12
Baseline Characteristics of the country’s first Satellite:
Bangladesh has planned to launch a Communication &
Broadcasting Satellite consisting 24 Ku and 16 C-band
transponders. The priority satellite applications are Direct
to Home (DTH), VSAT, Backhaul and Trucking, Network
Restoration, Disaster Preparedness and relief etc. The
Primary Service Area (PSA) would be Bangladesh and
neighboring countries and the Secondary Service Area
(SSA) would be South East Asia, Europe, MENA, and
East Africa depending on orbital slot.
The system concept of the proposed satellite comprises
with satellite payload requirements, orbital
slot/frequencies, coverage area(s), ground segment, user
terminal design characteristics, satellite operations and
environmental factors. There will be two ground stations
for satellite operation and control, one as the primary site
and other as the backup site. The RF survey for probable
sites has already been completed. However, these
requirements shall be finalized during the preparation and
finalization of tender document for launching the satellite.
14. 14
Operation
The satellite uses ground control stations built by Thales Alenia Space with its partner Spectra primary ground
station in Gazipur Secondary ground station is at Betbunia, Rangamati[14] The first test signal after launch was
received by the operators on 12 May 2018.
This slide shows a typical application of a multiplexer (in this case a 4-to-1 MUX). Have the students share other common applications of MUXs.
http://images.tigerdirect.ca/skuimages/large/Logitech-X-540-L23-7250-mai.jpg
SSI logic diagram, block diagram, and truth table for a 4-to-1 MUX
Block diagrams for 4-to-1, 8-to-1, and 16-to-1 MSI Multiplexers.
