It defines how processor first comes in life and whats going on with the processors.

2. L/O/G/O
ROLL NO :F-43051
MUHAMMAD BILAL

4. Evolution of hard
disk

5. Mechanical Electromagnetic
Require
medium
Do not require
medium

6. Mechanical waves
 Require medium for their propagation
E.g.
 Water waves
 String waves

7. electromagnetic waves
 Do not require medium for their propagation
E.g.
 light waves
 heat waves
 X rays

8. Transverse
waves
Longitudinal waves

9. Transverse waves
Particle of medium
vibrate perpendicular
to direction of wave
propagation

10. Crests and Troughs
 Crests: points of maximum displacement on a wave
 Troughs: points of minimum displacement on a wave
Distance
along rope
displacement
CREST CREST
TROUGH

11. AMPLITUDE (A)
 Maximum Displacement from the rest or central position.
 SI unit metre (m)
displacement
distance along rope
crest crest
trough
amplitude
amplitude

12. Wavelength (λ)
 The distance between two successive points of the same
phase.metre (m).
displacement
distance along rope
crest crest
trough
λ
amplitude
amplitude

13. longitudinal waves
Particle of medium
vibrate parallel to
direction of wave
propagation

14. Ripple Tank

15. Wave Production

16. • Reflection
• Refraction
• Diffraction
• Interference
Wave Properties

17. Reflection
 A straight barrier is placed at an angle along the incoming
waves?

18. Reflection
Unchanged
 Speed
 Frequency
 wavelength
Changes
 direction

19. Reflection
Incident ray
Normal
Reflected ray
Angle of incidence Angle of
reflection
• The changing direction of a wave upon
impact with a barrier or object

20. refraction
 A piece of glass block is submerged at an angle to the
incoming water waves

21. bending of a wave as it passes from one type
of medium into another
Refraction

23. Diffraction
 The bending of a wave as it either passes by
a barrier
 spreading out of a wave as it passes through
an opening

24. Paddle
vibrates to
produce
waves
Barrier
Paddle
ibrates to
produce
waves
Barrier

25. Interference
 The total disturbance within a medium when more
than one wave is present

26. + =
.

27. CONSTRUCTIVE INTERFERENCE

28. + =
Interference

29. Destructive Interference

30. Interference
 In most cases we end up with partial interference
creating a beat.

31. Stationary waves

32. Stationary Waves
 A stationary wave doesn’t appear to be travelling.
Nodes Antinodes


33. + =
.Identify the type of interference

35. Transverse
waves
Longitudinal waves
Name the types mechanical waves

36. Label Crests and Troughs
CREST CREST
TROUGH

37. Stationary wavesIdentify the type of waves

38. Home work
Find five examples of each type of wave