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Phylogeny and Modern Taxonomy
Phylogeny
Humans have family trees that go back for many
generations to show our lineage and our ancestors.




These family trees show how 2 people may be related
to each other and by how many generations.
Phylogeny
Phylogenetic trees share the same idea as family
trees. They show how species have grown apart
(evolved) over time.
Phylogeny
Phylogenetic trees share the same idea as family
trees. They show how species have grown apart
(evolved) over time.
Phylogeny
Phylogeny: the study of the evolutionary relatedness
between and among species.
Phylogeny (Draw This)




A phylogenetic
tree is often
used to illustrate
these
relationships.
Phylogeny



Present




                          Branches
                          are
          Many
                          Common
          Years
                          Ancestors
          Ago
Phylogeny: Clades
A clade is a branch of a phylogenetic tree that
represents all of the organisms that share a single
common ancestor.
Phylogeny: Clades
Clades can be any size, and occur at branches in
phylogenetic trees.
Phylogeny: Clades




Identify a
clade in this
tree.
Phylogeny: Clades
Phylogeny: Clades
Phylogeny: Clades
Phylogeny: Clades
Phylogeny: Clades
Phylogeny: Clades
Phylogeny: Clades
Phylogeny: Clades
Phylogeny: Clades
• To which other organism is Cervus elaphus
  most closely related? At what rank and taxon
  are they related?
Modern Taxonomy:
              Think. Pair. Share
What are the drawbacks of traditional taxonomy?

- dichotomous keys may be ambiguous or subjective.
- following a dichotomous key takes time.
- mutations may lead to incorrect classification.
Modern Taxonomy:
                Think. Pair. Share
What are the drawbacks of traditional taxonomy?

- different genetic structures may lead to similar
physical structures.
- evolutionary relatedness is only a guess using
physical features.
Modern Taxonomy:
              Think. Pair. Share
How can all of these obstacles be overcome?
Modern Taxonomy


How can all of these obstacles be overcome?

By collecting and comparing DNA samples of specimens,
their identity and evolutionary relatedness can be
determined efficiently and accurately.
DNA Barcoding

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11u bio div 04

Editor's Notes

  1. Rank – FamilyTaxon - Cervidae