1. ‫اﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺣﻤﻦ‬ ‫اﷲ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻢ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻹﻣﺎرات‬ ‫دوﻟﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺎرﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ‬
‫واﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﻌﻠﻮم‬ ‫اﻵداب‬ ‫آﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﺤﻀﺎرة‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺦ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻢ‬
‫اﻷول‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮن‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫واﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻋﺎﻳﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻬﺠﺮي‬
)1‫ـ‬101‫هـ‬/622-719‫م‬(
‫اﻟﻤﺎﺟﺴﺘﻴﺮ‬ ‫درﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻻﺳﺘﻜﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫دراﺳﺔ‬‫اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺦ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﺔ‬ ‫إﻋﺪاد‬:
‫ذﻳﺎب‬ ‫ﺁل‬ ‫أﺣﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺳﻒ‬ ‫أﺳﻤﺎء‬.
‫اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻗﻢ‬:
20442050.
‫اﻟﺪآﺘﻮر‬ ‫اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ‬ ‫إﺷﺮاف‬:
‫اﻟﺒﻠﻮي‬ ‫اﻟﻬﺮﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﻼﻣﺔ‬.
‫اﻟﺪراﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬:
1431/1432‫هـ‬/2010-2011‫م‬.
‫اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻖ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺨﺼﺺ‬:‫اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺦ‬.

2. 2
ِ‫ﺑ‬
ْ
‫ﺴ‬ِ‫ﻢ‬ِ‫ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﱠ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮ‬
ْ
‫ﺣ‬
َ
‫ﻤ‬ِ ‫ﻦ‬
‫ﱠ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮ‬ِ‫ﺣ‬
ْ
‫ﻴ‬ِ‫ﻢ‬
ِ‫ﻣ‬‫ﻢ‬
ُ
‫ﻴﺘ‬ِ‫ﻭﺗ‬
ُ
‫ﺃ‬‫ﺎ‬
َ
‫ﻣ‬
َ
‫ﻭ‬
َ
‫ﻦ‬ً‫ﻼ‬‫ﻴ‬ِ‫ﻠ‬
َ
‫ﻗ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻻ‬ِ‫ﺇ‬ِ‫ﻢ‬
ْ
‫ﻠ‬ِ‫ﻌ‬
ْ
‫ﺍﻟ‬
‫ﻳﺔ‬‫ﺁ‬،‫ﺍﻹﺳﺮﺍﺀ‬‫ﺳﻮﺭﺓ‬)85.(

3. 3
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻬﺮﺱ‬
‫ا‬‫ﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻬﺮﺱ‬3-4
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻹ‬‫ﻫﺪﺍﺀ‬5
‫ﻭﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺮ‬6-7
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻣﻮﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢ‬8
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﺨﺺ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬9-10
‫ﺍﻹﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﺨﺺ‬11-12
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﻧﻄﺎﻕ‬13-22
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻬﻴﺪ‬:‫ﻧﺒﺬﺓ‬‫ﳐﺘﺼﺮﺓ‬‫ﻋﻦ‬‫ﺍﻟﺮﻋﺎﻳﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ‬‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻷ‬‫ﻣﻢ‬‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﳝﺔ‬23-38
•‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬:
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﻋﺎﻳﺔ‬39-108
-‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ‬:
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺍﺑﲑ‬40-77
-‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ‬:
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻋﺎﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ‬ ‫ﺇﺣﺼﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﲢﻠﻴﻞ‬78-98
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ‬
-‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ‬:
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﻃﺒﻴﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻃﺒﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﺷﻬﺮ‬99-108

4. 4
•‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬:
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﻋﺎﻳﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺷﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬109-153
-‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ‬:
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺷﺪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻬﺎﺕ‬110-125
-‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ‬:
‫ﺍﳌ‬ ‫ﲣﻄﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺲ‬‫ﺪﻥ‬126-147
-‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ‬:
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻃﺒﺎﺀ‬.148-153
•‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬:
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﻋﺎﻳﺔ‬‫ﺍﻷﻣﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺔ‬)41-101/661-719‫ﻡ‬(154-201
-‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ‬:
‫ﻭﺍﻷﻃﺒﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻄﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﲏ‬ ‫ﻭﻭﻻﺓ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻔﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺔ‬155-163
-‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ‬:
‫ﳕﺎﺫﺝ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﻋﺎﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﺳﻬﺎﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﳐﺘﺎﺭﺓ‬164-190
-‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ‬:
‫ﺍﻷﻣﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﻃﺒﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﺑﺮﺯ‬191-196
‫ﺍﳋﺎﲤﺔ‬197-201
‫ﺍﳌﻼﺣﻖ‬202-205
‫ﺭﻗﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺫﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﺤﻖ‬)1(203
ُ
‫ﺍﻟﻘ‬ ‫ﻧﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﺤﻖ‬‫ﺭﻗﻢ‬ ‫ﺴﻂ‬)2(204-205
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬206-226

5. 5
‫ﺍﻹﻫﺪﺍء‬
‫ﻟﺪﻱ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺭﻭﺡ‬‫ﺇﱃ‬"‫ﻳﺎﺏ‬‫ﺫ‬‫ﺁﻝ‬‫ﻳﻮﺳﻒ‬"‫ﺑﺮﲪﺘﻪ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺗﻐﻤﺪﻩ‬.....
‫ﻭ‬‫ﺇﱃ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺃﻃﺎﻝ‬‫ﻭﺍﳊﺒﻴﺒﺔ‬‫ﻟﻴﺔ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻟﻐ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻟﺪﺗﻲ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﰲ‬‫ﻋﻤﺮﻫﺎ‬......
‫ﺇﱃ‬‫ﺇﺧﻮﺗﻲ‬‫ﺍﻷﻋﺰﺍﺀ‬.......
‫ﺇﱃ‬‫ﻟﻮﻓﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺎﺗﻲ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺻ‬:‫ﺋﺸﺔ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﻳﺪﻱ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻟﻘ‬‫ﺍ‬،‫ﻭ‬‫ﺁ‬‫ﻟﻌﺰﺍﻭﻱ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻻﺀ‬،‫ﻭ‬
‫ﻟﺪﺭﻋﻲ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺯﺓ‬،‫ﻟﻔﻼﺣﻲ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻮﺭﺓ‬‫ﻭ‬.......
‫ﺟﺎﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺻﺒﺎﺡ‬‫ﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﱃ‬........
‫ﻣﻮﺍﺻﻠﺔ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﺷﺠﻌﲏ‬‫ﺷﺨﺺ‬‫ﻛﻞ‬‫ﺇﱃ‬‫ﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬‫ﺍ‬.....
‫ﻳﻜ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺃﻫ‬‫ﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬‫ﻢ‬.

6. 6
‫ﻭﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ‬‫ﺷﻜﺮ‬
‫ﻥ‬‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺼﻰ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻨﻌﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﻭﺍﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺸﻜﺭ‬ ،‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﷲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﺭ‬‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻹﺘﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻭﻓﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤل‬.
‫ﻭ‬‫ﺴﻠﻁﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻭ‬ ‫ﺼﺎﺤﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺘﺎﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺤﺘﺭﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻭﺍﻓﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﺘﻘﺩﻡ‬
‫ﺤﺎﻜﻡ‬ ،‫ﻟﻼﺘﺤﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺱ‬ ‫ﻋﻀﻭ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺴﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬،‫ﻟﻠﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺱ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺭﻗﺔ‬
‫ﺃﺘﻘﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺩﺍﺭﺴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻠﺒﺎﺤﺜﻴﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻤﻴﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺭﺡ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺍﺼﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﻋﺎﻴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﺭﺌﻴﺱ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﺭﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺴﻼﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺘﺎﺫ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺘﺎﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺠﺯﻴل‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻀل‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺭﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻀﺎﺭﺓ‬‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﷲ‬
‫ﻭﻜﺎﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﺇﺨﺭﺍﺝ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻜﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺠﻬﻭﺩﻩ‬‫ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺭﻗﺔ‬.
‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬،‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻀﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺭﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺎﺘﺫﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺸﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﺘﻘﺩﻡ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻠﺼﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺭﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻤﺭﻜﺯ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺌﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻟﻰ‬ ،،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻌﺔ‬‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺸﺩﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﺃﺸﻜﺭ‬،‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺘﺎﺫ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺫﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺨﺹ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺭﺜﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﻨﺎﻥ‬‫ﺸﺅﻭﻥ‬‫ﺒﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺎﺕ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺭﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻡ‬‫ﺍﻟﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺴﺘﺎﺫ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻴﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬،‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩﺍﻟﻌﺯﻴﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺴﺘﺎﺫ‬‫ﺠﺎﻤ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻟﺭﻴﺎﺽ‬ ‫ﺴﻌﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺸﻤﺱ‬ ‫ﻋﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺎﺴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺴﺘﺎﺫﺓ‬ ،.

7. 7
‫ﻭ‬‫ﺍﻷﺴﺘﺎﺫ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ‬،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼل‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﺌﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﺠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺴﻌﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺴﺘﺎﺫ‬
‫ﻗﺩﻤﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ،‫ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻏﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ‬‫ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺤﻭﺙ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻘﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻲ‬‫ﺃﺴﻬﻤﺕ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺇﺜﺭﺍﺀ‬‫ﺍﻟﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬‫ﻓﺠﺯﺍﻫ‬ ،‫ﻡ‬‫ﺍﷲ‬‫ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺨﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻲ‬‫ﻴﻨﻔﻊ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻴﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺤﺴﻨﺎﺘﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﺯﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻌل‬
‫ﺒﻨﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻻ‬،‫ﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺤﺘﺭﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺨﺎﻟﺹ‬ ‫ﺃﺘﻘﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻔﻭﺘﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ‬.‫ﺩ‬.‫ﺍﻟﺼﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻌﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻭﺵ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‬
‫ﹶ‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﻓﺠﺯﺍﻜﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﻭﺠﻴﻬﺎﺘﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺀ‬‫ﺜﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺘﺯﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻬ‬ِ‫ﻟ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺒ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠ‬ ‫ﺨﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬‫ﺯﺍﺀ‬.
‫ﺒﻌﻤﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺩ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﺼﺎﺤﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺸﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻟﺯﺍﻤ‬ ‫ﺃﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻓﺸ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻭﺍﺼﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﺒل‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺄﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻌﺯﻴﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺩﺘﻲ‬‫ﺃﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻜﺭﺍ‬
‫ﻭﺃﺨﻭﺍﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺇﺨﻭﺍﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﺴﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬)‫ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺼﻼﺡ‬ ،‫ﻭﺭﺸﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺤﻤﺩ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﺩﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﻟﺩ‬(،
‫ﺯﻤﻴﻼﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺸﻜﺭ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻜﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺸﺠﻴﻌﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺩﻋﻤﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬)،‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻴﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺌﺸﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺤﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﻭﺭﺓ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻭﺯﺓ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻌﺯﺍﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺁﻻﺀ‬(‫ﻗ‬‫ﻭ‬ِ‫ﻟ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺒﺠﺎﻨﺒﻲ‬ ّ‫ﹺ‬‫ﻥ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺨﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬ ،‫ﺎﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻓﺠﺯﺁﻫﻡ‬ ،‫ﻭﺘﺸﺠﻴﻊ‬ ،‫ﻭﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩﺓ‬ ،‫ﻋﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ،‫ﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﺭﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻘﺴﻤﻲ‬ ،‫ﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺸﻜﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺭﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﷲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﻋﻭﺍﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺁﺨﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺨﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺠﻤﻴﻌ‬.

8. 8
‫ﺍﻟﺭﻤﻭﺯ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﺎﺘﻴﺢ‬:-
‫ﺭ‬:‫ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺭﻗﻡ‬.
‫ﻉ‬:‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬.
‫ﻤﺞ‬:‫ﻤﺠﻠﺩ‬.
‫ﺝ‬:‫ﺠﺯﺀ‬.
‫ﺩ‬.‫ﺕ‬:‫ﻁﺒﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻥ‬.

9. 9
‫ﻤﻠ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﺹ‬:
‫ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﻴﻭﺴﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﻤﺎﺀ‬ ،‫ﺫﻴﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺁل‬:‫ﺍﻟﻬﺠﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻋﺎﻴﺔ‬)1-
101‫هـ‬/622-719‫م‬(،‫اﻟﺸﺎرﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ‬ ،‫ﻣﺎﺟﺴﺘﻴﺮ‬2011،‫م‬)‫اﻟﻤﺸﺮف‬:‫أ‬.‫د‬.‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﻼﻣﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺒﻠﻮي‬ ‫اﻟﻬﺮﻓﻲ‬(‫ﺍﻟﻬ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻋﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻨﺎﻭل‬‫ﺠﺭﻱ‬)1-
101‫ﻫـ‬-622-721‫ﻡ‬(،‫ﺍﻟﺤﺠﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﺎﻟﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬،‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ‬،‫ﻭﻤﺼﺭ‬،‫ﻤﺤﺎﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻼﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻵﺘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺎﺅﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺠﺎﺒﺔ‬:
1-‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺴﺎﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺱ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬)‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﻰ‬(‫ﺍﻟﺭﻋﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﺔ؟‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ‬
2-‫ﻜﻴﻑ‬‫ﺃﺴﻬﻤﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻋﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻭﺤﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻬﺠﺭﻱ؟‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭل‬
3-‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻔﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻗﺩﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻬﺎﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬:‫ﺍﻟﺭﻋﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﻤﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺸﺩﻱ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﺔ؟‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ‬
4-‫ﺍﻷﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺴﺎﻤﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻴﺵ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻋﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﺴﺩﺕ‬ ‫ﻜﻴﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻬﺠﺭﻱ؟‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺎﺅﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺠﺎﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﺀﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬‫ﺜﻼ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﻓﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﺜﺔ‬،‫ﻭﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺒﻭﻗﺔ‬،
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﺎﻭل‬ ،‫ﻭﻤﻼﺤﻕ‬ ‫ﺒﺨﺎﺘﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺫﻴﻠﺔ‬‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺨﺘﺼﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻨﺒﺫﺓ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻋﺎﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻷﻤﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ‬‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﺃ‬،‫ﺍﻟﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺭﻋﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼل‬ ‫ﻓﺭﺩ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼل‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺭﻋﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺨﺼﺹ‬،‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺸﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼل‬ ‫ﻭﺠﺎﺀ‬‫ﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ‬‫ﻷ‬‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺨﻴﺭ‬
‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺨﺭﺠﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬ ‫ﻷﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺘﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺨﺼﺼﺕ‬ ،‫ﺍﻷﻤﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻋﺎﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬،‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬‫ﺃﺒﺭﺯﻫﺎ‬:

10. 10
-‫ﺇﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﻭﺫﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﻘﻠﻪ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺍﻨﻘﻼﺒ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﺩﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺠﺭﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺤﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺴﻁﻭﺭﺓ‬.
-‫ﺇﻥ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺒﺎﻟﻭﻀ‬ ‫ﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ‬‫ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻜﺒﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺤﻴﺯ‬ ‫ﺸﻐل‬ ‫ﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺩﻭﺍﺒﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺠﻨﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻲ‬ ‫ﻊ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺸﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻼﻓﺔ‬‫ﻤﻭﻴﺔ‬.
-‫ﺇﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻭﻻﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻔﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻗﺩﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻹﺭﺸﺎﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺠﻴﻬﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﻤﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺸﺩﻱ‬،‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻋﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻫﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺸﺄﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻬﺠﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﺔ‬.
-‫ﺇﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬‫ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻋﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺼﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻤﺎﺭﺴﺘﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﺴﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﺸﻬﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﺠﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭل‬ ‫ﻘﺭﻥ‬،
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻋﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻀﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﻘﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻌﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬.
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺌﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺭﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﺩﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻨﺩﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬
‫ﺍﺴ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻀ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺩ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺜﻐﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺴﺩ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻁﻤﺢ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻬﺞ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬
‫ﺒﺤﺩﻭﺩﻩ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺇﺫ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬.

11. 11
Abstract:
Al Thiab, Asma Yosuf Ahmad Health and Medical Care in the First
Hijri Century(1-101 AH, 622-719 AD),Master, University of
Sharjah,2011, Supervised by: Salama Muhammad Alharfi Alblwi
, This study deals with the issue of health and medical care in the
First Hijri Century (1- 101 AH, 622-721 AD), in the Provinces of
Hijaz, Iraq, Egypt, and the Levant, trying to answer the following
questions:
1- What are basis and the rules which the prophet (peace be
upon him) laid down in the field of health and medical care
in the First Century AH?
2- How did the Islamic conquests contributed to the
development of health and medical care in the First Century
AH?
3- What were the contributions of the Caliphs to the
development of health and medical care during the Age of
the Caliphs and the Umayyad Period?
4- How did health and medical care embody the concept of
coexistence and tolerance in the First Century AH?
To answer these questions, this study is divided into three
chapters, preceded by an introduction and preface, and followed
by a conclusion and appendixes. The preface discusses the issue of
health and medical care in the earlier nations, while the first chapter
focuses on health and medical care in the era of the Prophet (pace be
upon him).

12. 12
The second chapter, then, comes to deal with health and medical
care in the Age of Caliphs. After that, the third chapter discusses the
reality of health and medical care in the Umayyad Period.
The conclusion asserted the most important results of the study,
the most important of which are:
- Islam brought a revolution to the health and medical
thought, moving it from sorcery, magic and myth to science
and experience.
- The care of the health status of the soldiers and their livestock
had a great deal of interest during the Age of Caliphs and the
Umayyad Period.
- The recommendations and directions of the Caliphs to the
people, during the Age of Caliphs and the Umayyad Period,
regarding hygiene and its importance has led to the
development of health and medical care in the first century
AH.
- The First Century AH witnessed the establishments of many
hospitals and health clinics, which is considered a bright spot
in the history of health and medical care in the Islamic
Civilization.
In order to elucidate the information included, the study has
followed the historical recovery approach based on criticism and
analysis, in addition to the quantitative approach. This study aims
at filling a gap in the Arabic library, since, to the knowledge of the
researcher, it is the first study that deals with this topic in terms of
its time and place, by a university thesis.

13. 13

14. 14
‫اﻟﻤﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬:
‫ﺘﺤﺎﻭل‬‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬‫ﺇﺒﺭﺍﺯ‬‫ﺃﻟﻕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺎﺭﺓ‬‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺠﺎﻨﺏ‬‫ﻴﻌﺩ‬‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﺃﻫﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺍﻨﺏ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻠﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬،‫ﻟﻺﻨﺴﺎﻥ‬‫ﺃﻻ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﻫﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻨﺏ‬‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤ‬‫ﻲ‬،‫ﻭﺍﻟﻁﺒﻲ‬‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬
‫ﺘﺤﺎﻭل‬‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬‫ﺘﺴﻠﻴﻁ‬‫ﺍﻟﻀﻭﺀ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﺃﻫﻡ‬‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻡ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﻤﻴﻨﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬‫ﺘﻀﻤﻨ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻬﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬،‫ﻭﻜﻴﻑ‬‫ﺍﺴﻘﻁﺕ‬‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻡ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻭﺠﻴﻬﺎﺕ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺵ‬‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﺨﻼل‬‫ﺘﺘﺒﻊ‬‫ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻡ‬‫ﺒﻪ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ‬)‫ﺻﻠﻰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‬(،‫ﻭﺍﻟﺨﻠﻔﺎﺀ‬‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺸﺩ‬‫ﻭﻥ‬،‫ﻭﺍﻷﻤﻭﻴ‬‫ﻭﻥ‬‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬‫ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ‬‫ﺤﻜﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ‬‫ﺍﻷﻤﻭﻱ‬‫ﻋﻤﺭ‬‫ﺒﻥ‬‫ﻋﺒﺩﺍﻟﻌﺯﻴ‬‫ﺯ‬)‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺭﺤﻤﻪ‬(‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻤﺠﺎل‬‫ﺼﺤﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬‫ﻭﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ‬،‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻀ‬
‫ﻋﻥ‬‫ﺘﺘﺒﻊ‬‫ﺃﺒﺭﺯ‬‫ﺍﻹﻨﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﻤﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻔﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬‫ﻤﺠﺎل‬‫ﺘﺸﺠﻴﻊ‬‫ﺍﻟﻁﺏ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﻁﺒﺎﺀ‬،‫ﻭﺒﻨﺎﺀ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻤﺎﺭﺴﺘﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬،‫ﻨﺎﻫﻴﻙ‬‫ﻋﻥ‬‫ﺘﺴﻠﻴﻁ‬‫ﺍﻟﻀﻭﺀ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﺘﺭﺍﺠﻡ‬‫ﺃﻫﻡ‬‫ﺍﻷﻁﺒﺎﺀ‬‫ﺍﻟﺫﻴﻥ‬‫ﺘﺭﻜﻭﺍ‬‫ﺒﺼﻤﺎﺕ‬‫ﻭﺍﻀﺤﺔ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻤﺠﺎل‬‫ﺍﻟﻁﺏ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺭﻋﺎﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ‬.
‫ﻭﻟﻡ‬‫ﺘﻐﻔل‬‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬‫ﻋﻥ‬‫ﺇﺒﺭﺍﺯ‬‫ﺭﻭﺡ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺎﻤﺢ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻴﺵ‬‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﺨﻼل‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺴﺴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻓﺘﺤﺕ‬‫ﺫﺭﺍﻋﻴﻬﺎ‬‫ﻟﻠﻤﺴﻠﻡ‬‫ﻭﻏﻴﺭ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻠﻡ‬،‫ﻟﻠﺭﺠل‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺭﺃﺓ‬‫ﺒﻐﺽ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺭ‬‫ﻋﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﻠﻭﻥ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻨﺱ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺩﻴﻥ‬،‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺫﻫﺏ‬‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬‫ﺘﻨﺎﻓﺱ‬‫ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻔﺎﺀ‬‫ﻭﺍﻷﻤﺭﺍﺀ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺘﺸﺠﻴﻊ‬‫ﺍﻷﻁﺒﺎﺀ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻬﻨﺘﻬﻡ‬‫ﺒﻜل‬‫ﺤﺭﻴﺔ‬‫ﻭﺘﺤﻔﻴﺯﻫﻡ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬،‫ﺍﻹﺒﺩﺍﻉ‬‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﺨﻼل‬‫ﺘﻭﻓﻴﺭ‬‫ﻜل‬‫ﺍﻹﻤﻜﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬،‫ﻓﺘﻁﻭﺭﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻤﺎﺭﺴﺘﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬‫ﻭﺘﻘﺩﻤﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺭﻋﺎﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ‬،‫ﻭﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﺔ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺃﺴﻬﻡ‬‫ﺍﻷﻁﺒﺎﺀ‬‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ‬‫ﺍﻷﻋﺭﺍﻕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﺠﻨﺎﺱ‬‫ﻭﺍﻷﺩﻴﺎﻥ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ‬‫ﺨﺩﻤﺎﺘﻬﻡ‬‫ﻟﻸﻤﺔ‬.

15. 15
‫اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮع‬ ‫أهﻤﻴﺔ‬:
‫ﻴﻌﺩ‬‫ﺇﺒﺭﺍﺯ‬‫ﺇﺴﻬﺎﻤﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺎﺭﺓ‬‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺨﺩﻤﺔ‬‫ﺍﻹ‬‫ﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬‫ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻅﺔ‬
،‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬‫ﺘﺘﺼﺎﻋﺩ‬‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬‫ﻭﺘﻴﺭﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﻭﻟﻤﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺘﺭﺤﻡ‬‫ﺍﻟﻀﻌﻔﺎﺀ‬‫ﻭﺘﺠﺘﺙ‬‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﻟﻴﺱ‬‫ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺠﺫﻭﺭ‬،‫ﻭﺍﺠﺒ‬‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﹰ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻤﻠ‬‫ﻰ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﻋﺎﺘﻕ‬‫ﻜل‬‫ﺒﺎﺤﺙ‬‫ﻴﻨﺘﻤﻲ‬‫ﻟﻬﺫﻩ‬،‫ﺍﻷﻤﺔ‬‫ﻭﺒﻤﺎ‬‫ﺃﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻨﺏ‬‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻲ‬
‫ﻴﻌﺩ‬‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﺃﻫﻡ‬‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺍﻨﺏ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬‫ﺘﻬﻡ‬،‫ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻜل‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺤل‬،‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻴﺔ‬‫ﺠﺎﺀﺕ‬‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬
،‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬‫ﻟﺘﺩﻟﻲ‬‫ﺒﺩﻟﻭﻫﺎ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬‫ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻨﺏ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻡ‬،‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﺨﻼل‬‫ﺘﺘﺒﻊ‬‫ﺇﺴﻬﺎﻤﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬‫ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻨﺏ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻗﺭﻥ‬‫ﻴﻌﺩ‬‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﺃﻫﻡ‬‫ﻗﺭﻭﻥ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺤﺘﺠﺎﺝ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻨﺎ‬،‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬
‫ﺃﻻ‬‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻥ‬‫ﺍﻷﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﺠﺭﻱ‬،‫ﻗﺭﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺼﻴل‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﻌﻴﺩ‬‫ﻟﻜل‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﺍﺤﻲ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺤﻴﺎﺓ‬‫ﺍﻷﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬،‫ﻓﻔﻴﻪ‬‫ﺃﻗﺎﻡ‬‫ﺍﻟﺭﺴﻭل‬)‫ﺻﻠﻰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻋﻠ‬‫ﻴﻪ‬‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‬(،‫ﺩﻭﻟﺘﻪ‬،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺭﻜﺔ‬‫ﻭﻗﺩﻡ‬‫ﺒﺄﻗﻭﺍﻟﻪ‬‫ﻭﺃﻓﻌﺎﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺘﻘﺭﻴﺭﺍﺘﻪ‬‫ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻭﺍﻫﺩ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﺤﺭﺹ‬‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬‫ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻥ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻲ‬‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻲ‬
‫ﻟﻺﻨﺴﺎﻥ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬،‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬‫ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ‬‫ﻤﺎ‬‫ﻗﺩﻤﻪ‬‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻤﺠﺎل‬‫ﺍﻟﻁﻬﺎﺭﺓ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻓﺔ‬‫ﺃﻋﻅﻡ‬‫ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬
‫ﻟﺼﻴﺎﻨﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬‫ﺼﺤﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻭ‬‫ﺒﻜل‬‫ﺃﺒﻌﺎﺩﻫﺎ‬.
‫ﺇﻥ‬‫ﺘﺴﻠﻴﻁ‬‫ﺍﻟﻀﻭﺀ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﻫﺫﺍﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‬‫ﻭﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ‬‫ﺍﻷﺠﻴﺎل‬‫ﺒﻤﺎ‬‫ﻗﺩﻤﻪ‬‫ﺍﻷﺠﺩﺍﺩ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻘل‬‫ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﻱ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻬﻡ‬‫ﻴﺴﻬﻡ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺘﻌﺯﻴﺯ‬‫ﺍﻟﻬﻭﻴﺔ‬‫ﻭﺘﻘﻭﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﻨﺘﻤﺎﺀ‬،‫ﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﻘﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬‫ﺘﺸﻬﺩ‬‫ﺘﻤﺎﺯﺠﺎ‬‫ﺤﻀﺎﺭﻴﺎ‬‫ﻓﺭﻴﺩﺍ‬‫ﻴﺤﺘﻡ‬‫ﺘﺤﺼﻴﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﻬﻭﻴﺔ‬،‫ﻭﻴﺘﻁﻠﺏ‬‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜﻴﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻤﻕ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺭﺒﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺨﻭﺽ‬،‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬‫ﻟﺘﻘﺩﻴ‬‫ﻤﻬﺎ‬‫ﻟﻸﺠﻴﺎل‬‫ﺒﺄﺴﻠﻭﺏ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻤﻲ‬‫ﻤﻨﺎﺴﺏ‬،‫ﻭﻤﻘﻨﻊ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﻤﻴﺴﺭ‬،‫ﺍﻨﻘﻁﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻭﺍﺼﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺤﻔﺯﻫﻡ‬‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻬﻡ‬‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﺨﻼل‬
‫ﺭﺼﺩ‬‫ﻨﻘﺎﻁ‬‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺓ‬،‫ﻭﺘﻌﺯﻴﺯﻫﺎ‬‫ﻭﺘﺸﺨﻴﺹ‬‫ﻨﻘﺎﻁ‬‫ﺍﻟﻀﻌﻑ‬‫ﻭﻤﺤﺎﻭﻟﺔ‬‫ﺘﺠﻨﺏ‬‫ﺍﻟﻭﻗﻭﻉ‬‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬.

16. 16
‫ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ‬:
‫ﺘﻁﻤﺢ‬‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬‫ﺃﻥ‬‫ﺘﺴﺩ‬‫ﺜﻐﺭﺓ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬،‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬‫ﺘﻔﺘﻘﺭ‬‫ﻟﻠﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟ‬‫ﻤﺘﺨﺼﺼﺔ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬‫ﺍﻟﺤﻘل‬،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻡ‬‫ﻓﻌﻠﻰ‬‫ﺤﺩ‬‫ﻋﻠﻡ‬‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬،‫ﻓﺈﻨﻪ‬‫ﻟﻡ‬‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬‫ﺒﺤﺙ‬‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‬‫ﺘﺤﺕ‬‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ‬)‫ﺍﻟﻬﺠﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻋﺎﻴﺔ‬(،‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺨﻼل‬‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬،‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﻴﺔ‬‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬‫ﺃﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬‫ﺘﻁﻤﺢ‬‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬‫ﺇﺒﺭﺍﺯ‬‫ﻤﺸﺎﺭﻜﺔ‬‫ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ‬‫ﺍﻷﻤﺔ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺇﺜﺭﺍﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻴﺭﺓ‬‫ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬‫ﺍﻟﺤﻘل‬‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺭ‬،‫ﻤﻤﺎ‬‫ﻴﻌﺯﺯ‬‫ﺤﺏ‬‫ﺍﻷﺠﻴﺎل‬‫ﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻬﻡ‬‫،ﻭﻴﻘﻭﻱ‬‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺇﻴﻤﺎﻨﻬﻡ‬‫ﺒﻬﻭﻴﺘﻬﻡ‬‫ﻭﺩﻭﺭﻫﻡ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋل‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﺩﻱ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬،‫ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨﻲ‬‫ﻨﺎﻫﻴﻙ‬‫ﺃﻥ‬‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬
‫ﺘﻁﻤﺢ‬‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬‫ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ‬‫ﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ‬‫ﺤﻴ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﺴﻤﺎﺤﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺎﺭﺓ‬‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬‫ﻭﺇﻴﻤﺎﻨﻬﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻁﻊ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺤﺘﺭﺍﻡ‬
‫ﻜﺭﺍﻤﺔ‬،‫ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ‬‫ﻭﺭﻋﺎﻴﺔ‬‫ﺼﺤﺘﻪ‬‫ﻭﺼﺤﺔ‬‫ﻜل‬‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﻴﺸﺎﺭﻜﻪ‬‫ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻫﺫ‬‫ﺍ‬،‫ﺍﻟﻜﻭﻥ‬‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺨﻼل‬‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬‫ﺍﻷﺨﺫ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻁﺎﺀ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻴﺵ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﺼل‬.
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺎﺅﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺠﺎﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺎﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻁﻠﻘﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬‫ﺍﻵﺘﻴﺔ‬:
1-‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺴﺎﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺱ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬)‫ﻭﺴﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺼﻠﻰ‬(‫ﻤﺠﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﺔ؟‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻋﺎﻴﺔ‬
2-‫ﻜﻴﻑ‬‫ﺃﺴﻬﻤﺕ‬‫ﺘﻁﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻭﺤﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻋﺎﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻬﺠﺭﻱ؟‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭل‬
3-‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻔﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻗﺩﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻬﺎﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬:‫ﺍﻟﺭﻋﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﻤﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺸﺩﻱ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﺔ؟‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ‬
4-‫ﺍﻷﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺴﺎﻤﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻴﺵ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻋﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﺴﺩﺕ‬ ‫ﻜﻴﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻬﺠﺭﻱ؟‬

17. 17
‫اﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﺣﺪود‬:
‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬‫ﻴﺘﻨﺎﻭل‬‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬‫ﺒﺤﺙ‬‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺭﻋﺎﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﺔ‬‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺯﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭل‬،‫ﺍﻟﻬﺠﺭﻱ‬‫ﺃﻤﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬‫ﻓﺴﻭﻑ‬‫ﻴﺸﻤل‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ‬‫ﺍﻵﺘﻴﺔ‬:،‫ﺍﻟﺤﺠﺎﺯ‬‫ﻭ‬،‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ‬‫ﻭ‬،‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻭ‬‫ﻤﺼﺭ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺭﻋﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺼﺩ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ،:‫ﺍﺘﺨﺫﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺩﺍﺒﻴﺭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻭﻻﺓ‬ ‫ﺤﻜﺎﻡ‬‫ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺼﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻭﻗﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ،‫ﻤﻴﺔ‬:،‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺒﺩﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﺒﻌﺎﺩﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻀ‬.
‫واﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺼﺎدر‬ ‫ﻷهﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬:-
‫ﻟﻡ‬‫ﺘﻌﺜﺭ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜﺔ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬‫ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬‫ﻤﺘﺨﺼﺼﺔ‬‫ﺃﻭ‬‫ﺃﻁﺭﻭﺤﺔ‬‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﻴﺔ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻋﻠ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺒﺄﻥ‬‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴﺩ‬‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻟﺘﻲ‬‫ﺘﻨﺎﻭﻟﺕ‬‫ﺠﻭﺍﻨﺏ‬‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‬‫ﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻋﺼﺭ‬،‫ﺍﻟﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ﻨﺎﻫﻴﻙ‬‫ﻋﻥ‬‫ﻜﺘﺏ‬،‫ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺎﺭﺓ‬،‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺘﻭﺡ‬،‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺴﺒﺔ‬‫ﻭﻜﺘﺏ‬،‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬‫ﻭﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬،‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ‬،‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻠﺩﺍﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬
،‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺠﻡ‬‫ﻭﻜﺘﺏ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬،‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬‫ﻋﺭﺠﺕ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬‫ﻋﻨﺎﺼﺭ‬،‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬‫ﺃﺜﺭﺕ‬
‫ﺃﻁﺭﻭﺤﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬،‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﺴﺒﻴل‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬:-
‫ﺃﺤ‬ ،‫ﺒﻙ‬،‫ﻋﻴﺴﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﺩ‬‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻤﺎﺭﺴﺘﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺼﺩﺭ‬ ،‫ﺩﻤﺸﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺸﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺒﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬1939،‫ﻡ‬‫ﻭﻴﺴﻠﻁ‬‫ﺏ‬‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎ‬‫ﻀ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻤﺎﺭﺴﺘﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻨﺸﺄﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺀ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻋﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﺎل‬ ‫ﻭﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻁﻭﺭﻫﺎ‬،
‫ﺘﺘﺒﻌ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬‫ﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻤﺎﺭﺴﺘ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﻭﺭ‬‫ﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﺘﻔﻌﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺠﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺫ‬ ‫ﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬‫ﻤﻭﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬،‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺎﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﻐﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬.
،‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺩ‬‫ﻋﺒﺩﺍﻟﺒﺎﺴﻁ‬،‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬‫ﺍﻟﻁﺏ‬‫ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺎﺌﻲ‬،‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬‫ﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ‬‫ﺃﻟﻔﺎ‬‫ﻟﻠﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ‬
،‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺸﺭ‬‫ﻤﺼﺭ‬،2002،‫ﻡ‬‫ﻴﺘﺤﺩﺙ‬‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬‫ﻋﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﻁﺏ‬،‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻭﻱ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺘﻭﺠﻴﻬﺎﺘ‬‫ﻪ‬

18. 18
‫ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬‫ﻟﻠﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﺼﺤﺔ‬‫ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ‬،‫ﻭ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﻨﻅﺎﻓﺔ‬،‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬‫ﺃﻓﺎﺩﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻪ‬.
،‫ﺍﻟﻬﻭﻨﻲ‬‫ﻓﺭﺝ‬،‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬‫ﺍﻟﻁﺏ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺎﺭﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬‫ﻭﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬،‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ‬‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﻤﺅﺴﺴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺭ‬‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎﻫﻴﺭﻴﺔ‬،‫ﻟﻠﻨﺸﺭ‬‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎﻫﻴﺭﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺒﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺒﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺸﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴﺔ‬
،‫ﺍﻟﻌﻅﻤﻰ‬1986‫ﻡ‬،‫ﺤ‬‫ﻴﺙ‬‫ﻴﺘﻨﺎﻭل‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼل‬‫ﺍﻷﻭل‬‫ﺍﻟﻁﺏ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬،‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻋﻨﺩ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬،‫ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺼل‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬‫ﻴﺘﻤﺤﻭﺭ‬‫ﺤﻭل‬‫ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺙ‬‫ﻋﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﻁﺏ‬،‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻭﻱ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻁﺏ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﺏ‬‫ﺯﻤﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﺨﻼﻓﺔ‬،‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺸﺩﺓ‬‫ﻭﻴﺘﻨﺎﻭل‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼل‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ‬‫ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺙ‬‫ﻋﻥ‬‫ﺃﺸﻬﺭ‬
‫ﺃ‬‫ﻁﺒﺎﺀ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺭ‬‫ﺍﻷﻤﻭﻱ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺜ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻭﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ،‫ﺔ‬.
‫ﺍ‬،‫ﺤﻨﻴﻔﺔ‬ ،‫ﻟﺨﻁﻴﺏ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺏ‬،‫ﻟﺒﻨﺎﻥ‬ ،‫ﻟﻠﻨﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻫﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺼﺩﺭ‬ ،
1986،‫ﻡ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﻋﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻁﺏ‬ ،‫ﻭﺃﺨﻼﻗﻴﺎﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺼﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﺤﺩﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺭﺴﻭل‬)‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﻰ‬(‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺸﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺭ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺍﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﺭﺯ‬
،‫ﻭﺒﻌﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻗﺒل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴﻠﻤﻴﻥ‬‫ﻭﻋﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻤ‬ ‫ﻨﺸﺄﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺭﻋﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺎﺭﺴﺘﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ‬.
،‫ﻤﺴﻌﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩﺍﻟﺭﺍﺯﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩﺍﷲ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻴﺩ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻠﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺏ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﺠﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻥ‬‫ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺼﺩﺭ‬ ،
،‫ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻷﻗﺼﻰ‬1988،‫ﻡ‬‫ﺘﺤﺩﺙ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬‫ﺍﻷﻁﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺏ‬ ‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬‫ﺍﻷﻤﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﻗﺩﻴﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺀ‬
،‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺼﺭﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻁﺒﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﺭﺯ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬)‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﻰ‬(‫ﺍﻟﺫﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ،
‫ﺃﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺼﺭﻭﺍ‬.

19. 19
‫ﺴ‬‫ﺎﻟﻡ‬،‫ﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻹﺒﺩﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻴﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺏ‬‫ﻤﺅﺴﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺼﺩﺭ‬ ،
،‫ﻟﺒﻨﺎﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ‬1988،‫ﻡ‬‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﺎﻭل‬،‫ﻭﻨﻭﺍﺒﻐﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻫﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺏ‬
،‫ﻭﻨﻭﺍﺒﻐﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻁﺏ‬ ،‫ﻭﻨﻭﺍﺒﻐﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻁﺏ‬‫ﺴﻠﻁ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟﻀﻭﺀ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﺭﻋﺎﻴﺔ‬‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺩﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺓ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺍﻟﺭﺴﻭل‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺩﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺜﺭ‬
)‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﻰ‬(،‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺤﺩﺙ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻲ‬ ‫ﺭﻴﺎﻀﺔ‬،‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺭﻭﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺭﻤﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺭﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻥ‬
‫ﺤﻴﺎﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻅﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻭﺍﺌﺩﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﺤﺔ‬)‫ﻋﻠﻴ‬‫ﻟﺴﻼﻡ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﻟﺼﻼﺓ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻪ‬.(
‫ﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻁﺏ‬ ‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﺯ‬ ،‫ﺨﻀﺭ‬ ‫ﺭﺤﺎﺏ‬ ،‫ﻋﻜﺎﻭﻱ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﺩﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻥ‬
‫ﻟﻌﺎﻡ‬ ،‫ﻟﺒﻨﺎﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻫل‬2000‫ﺃﺒﺭﺯ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬ ،‫ﻡ‬‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟﻁﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻋﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬،،‫ﺍﻹﻏﺭﻴﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻁﺏ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻔﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﺠﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺏ‬
،‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺸﺩﻴﻥ‬‫ﺍﻷﻤﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻁﺏ‬..
‫ﻴﺤﺘﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺇﺫ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺼﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺼﺩﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺙ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺘﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻊ‬
‫ﺤﻭﺍﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬:20000‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬ ،‫ﺇﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺩ‬2290‫ﻭﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬ ،‫ﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻭﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻤﻥ‬4000000‫ﻟﻌﺎﻡ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺭﻗﺔ‬ ،‫ﻟﻠﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻜﺯ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺼﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ‬ ،‫ﺇﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺼﻔﺤﺔ‬
1431‫ﻫـ‬/2010‫ﻡ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻜﺜﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﺜﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ‬،‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﺨﺩﻤﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬ ‫ﺴﺒﻴل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬:
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻓﻕ‬ ،‫ﺍﺼﻴﺒﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬)‫ﺕ‬668‫ﻫـ‬/1269‫ﻡ‬(،
‫ﺍﻷﻁﺒﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻁﺒﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻨﺒﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻋﻴﻭﻥ‬،‫ﻭ‬‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻨﺎﻭل‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻁﺒﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﺭﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴ‬،‫ﺍﻟﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺼﺭﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻁﺒﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻴﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺘﺤﺩﺙ‬ ،‫ﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻤﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺼﺭ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺸﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻼﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﺘﺭﺓ‬.

20. 20
‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬،‫ﺠﻠﺠل‬‫ﺃﺒﻲ‬‫ﺩﺍﻭﺩ‬‫ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ‬‫ﺒﻥ‬‫ﺤﺴﺎﻥ‬‫ﺍﻷﻨﺩﻟﺴﻲ‬)332‫ﻫـ‬/943‫ﻡ‬(،‫ﺍﻷﻁﺒﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻁﺒﻘﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻜﻤﺎﺀ‬،‫ﻴﺘﻨﺎﻭل‬‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬‫ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺙ‬‫ﻋﻥ‬‫ﺃﺒﺭﺯ‬‫ﺃﻁﺒﺎﺀ‬‫ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬،‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ‬‫ﺀ‬‫ﺴﻭﺍ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺎﺭ‬‫ﺓ‬،‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬،‫ﻭﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﻴﺔ‬،‫ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻭﻨﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﻴﻀ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺤﺩﺙ‬‫ﻋﻥ‬‫ﺃﺸﻬﺭ‬‫ﺃﻁﺒﺎﺀ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻫﻠﻲ‬‫ﻋﺼﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻁﺒﺎﺀ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻲ‬ ،‫ﻋﺴﺎﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬‫ﻋﺒﺩﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻫﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺴﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‬)‫ﺕ‬571‫ﻫـ‬/1176‫ﻡ‬(،‫ﺩﻤﺸﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﺤﺩﺙ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺠﺯﺌﻪ‬‫ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻔﺎﺀ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻁﺏ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺼﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺨﻠﻔﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺸﺩﻴﻥ‬.
،‫ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺯﺭﻱ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩﺍﻟﺭﺤﻤﻥ‬)‫ﺕ‬589‫ﻫـ‬/
1193‫ﻡ‬(،‫ﺍﻟﺤﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻁﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺘﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ‬،‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻭﺍﺭﻉ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﻁﻌﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﻭﺍﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬.
‫ﻋﺒﺩﺍﻟﻠﻁﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻓﻕ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺒﻐﺩﺍﺩﻱ‬)‫ﺕ‬629‫ﻫـ‬/1231‫ﻡ‬(،‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺏ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ،‫ﺘﻁﺭﻕ‬‫ﺍﻷﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼل‬‫ﻟﻠﺤﺩﻴﺙ‬‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﻔﻅ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺤﺎﺩﻴﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻲ‬)‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﻰ‬(‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺒﺩﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﻼﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺩﻋﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬‫ﻹ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﺭﺍﻁ‬
‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻜل‬‫ﺴﻠﻁ‬‫ﺍﻷﻋﺭﺍﺽ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻭﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼل‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬،‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬:
‫ﺍﻟﻐﻀﺏ‬،‫ﻭﺍﻟﻬﻡ‬،‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺯﻥ‬،‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﺎﺩﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ‬.
‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬‫ﻗﻴﻡ‬،‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺯﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻓﻅ‬‫ﺸﻤﺱ‬‫ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻥ‬)‫ﺕ‬751‫ﻫـ‬/1350‫ﻡ‬(،‫ﺍﻟﻁﺏ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻭﻱ‬،
،‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺭﻗﺔ‬‫ﻭﻴﺘﻨﺎﻭل‬‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬‫ﺘﻭﺠﻴﻬﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ‬)‫ﺻﻠﻰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‬(،‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﺔ‬
،‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ‬‫ﺴﻭﺍﺀ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺃﻗﻭﺍﻟﻪ‬‫ﺃﻭ‬‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻟﻪ‬‫ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬.
‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ‬‫ﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠﻊ‬‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﻭﺍﺸﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬.

21. 21
‫اﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ‬:
‫ﻴﺴﺘﻨﺩ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬‫ﻤﻨﻬﺞ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺌﻡ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺩ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴل‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‬‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻀ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﻠﻭﺏ‬.
‫اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻗﻌﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬:
‫ﻴﺘﻭﻗﻊ‬‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬‫ﺒﻤﺸﻴﺌﺔ‬‫ﺍﷲ‬،‫ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬‫ﺃﻥ‬‫ﺘﻔﺘﺢ‬‫ﺁﻓﺎﻗﺎ‬‫ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻠﺒﺎﺤﺜﻴﻥ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻬﺘﻤﻴﻥ‬‫ﺒﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬‫ﺍﻟﻁﺏ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺭﻋﺎﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺎﺭﺓ‬،‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻗﻊ‬‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺘﺒﺭﺯ‬‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬‫ﺤﺠﻡ‬‫ﺍﻹﺴﻬﺎﻤﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬‫ﻗﺩﻤﺘﻬﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺎﺭﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬‫ﻟﻺﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻘﺒﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻡ‬.
‫اﻟﺪراﺳ‬ ‫ﺻﻌﻮﺑﺎت‬‫ﺔ‬:
‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻌﻭﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺜﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺠﻬﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺩ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﻫﻤﻬﺎ‬:
‫ﺘﻨﺎﺜﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻓﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺔ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺠﻬﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺒﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻜﻡ‬ ‫ﺜﻨﺎﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬‫ﺇ‬‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻀﺎﻓﻴ‬
‫ﺃﻤﻬ‬ ‫ﺒﻁﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻘﻴﺏ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺎﺕ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻗﺒل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺼﻁﻠﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻟﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﺠﺔ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ‬.
،‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﺘﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻘل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺼﻌﻭﺒﺔ‬‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﺼل‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺘﻀﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺒﻴﺭ‬،‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ‬،‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻭل‬
‫ﻟﻠ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺼﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﺴﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬،‫ﺒﺤﺙ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﺎﻫﻴﻙ‬.

22. 22
‫اﻟﺘﻤﻬﻴﺪ‬:
‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺮة‬ ‫ﻧﺒﺬة‬‫اﻟﻘﺪﻳﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫واﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻋﺎﻳﺔ‬*:
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻁﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺘﺒﻁ‬،‫ﺍﻷﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬‫ﺍﻷﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺴﺒﺏ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺤﺎﻭﻟﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺁﺜﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻔﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ‬‫ﺇﺯﺍﻟﺘﻪ‬،‫ﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬‫ﻭﺒﻌﺒﺎﺭﺓ‬ ، ‫ﺃﻋﺭﺍﻀﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‬،‫ﺫﺍﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻗﺩﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﻁﺏ‬‫ﺒﺄﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻌﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻔﻲ‬ ،‫ﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ‬‫ﻟﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻻﺴﺘﻌﺎﻨ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺸﻌﻭﺫﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺤﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺘﺠﻪ‬ ،‫ﻭﺃﻤﺭﺍﻀﻪ‬ ‫ﺁﻻﻤﻪ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺘﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺤﺎﺭﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻷﺭﻭﺍﺡ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻤﺭﺍﺽ‬،‫ﺇﺸﻜﺎﻻﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﺤل‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ‬،‫ﺤﺸﺎﺌﺵ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻔﺤﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺫ‬
‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﻭﺃﻋﺸﺎﺏ‬‫ﻫﻭﺍﻡ‬،‫ﻭﺤﺸﺭﺍﺕ‬،‫ﺘﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺼﻨﻊ‬ ،‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺄﻜل‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺨﺫ‬،‫ﺒﺘﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺨﻠﻁ‬،‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻭﺼل‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻭﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺄ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ‬،‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺎﻗﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻭﺠﺎﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺨﻔﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺭﺍﻀﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬،)1
(‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺈﺴﻬﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺤﺩﺙ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﺴﻊ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻌل‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻋﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻁﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺏ‬ ‫ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬‫ﻟﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺩﺨل‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬
‫ﺠﻬﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻴﺴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﺒﺫﺓ‬ ‫ﺴﺄﻜﺘﻔﻲ‬‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬‫ﻷﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل‬ ‫ﺨﺩﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﻡ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﻭﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺨ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺕ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺜﺎﻗﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻁﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺌﻤﺔ‬ ، ‫ﻤﻌﺭﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﺍﻜﻤﻴﺔ‬.)2
(
)1
(-‫ﻁ‬ ،‫ﻟﻠﻨﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎﻫﻴﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺭ‬ ،‫ﻟﻴﺒﻴﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺏ‬ ‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬ ،‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﺭﺝ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻬﻭﻨﻲ‬1
1406‫ﻫـ‬/1986‫ﻡ،ﺹ‬5-6.
)2
(-‫ﺨﻀﺭ‬ ‫ﺭﺤﺎﺏ‬ ،‫ﻋﻜﺎﻭﻱ‬:‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﺯ‬‫ﻁ‬ ،‫ﻟﻠﻨﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻫل‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭ‬ ،‫ﺒﻴﺭﻭﺕ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺏ‬1،
1415‫ﻫـ‬/1995‫ﺹ‬ ،‫ﻡ‬5-9.
*‫ﻭﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻋﺎﻴﺔ‬:‫ﹰ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻟﻐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻋﺎﻴﺔ‬:‫ﺭﻋﻰ‬:،‫ﻭﻴﺤﻔﻅﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﻭﻁﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺸﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﺭﻋﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺭﺍﻋﻲ‬ ،‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺭﻋﻴ‬ ‫ﻴﺭﻋﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎ‬:‫ﹰ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻟﻐ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻁﺏ‬ ،‫ﻋﻠﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻼﻥ‬ ‫ﺼﺢ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﺫﻫﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻡ‬ ‫ﻀﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻴﺼﺢ‬ ‫ﺼﺤﺢ‬:‫ﻋﻼﺝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺱ‬،‫ﺍﻟﻁﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﺒﺏ‬ ‫ﻴﻁﺏ‬ ‫ﻁﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ،‫ﺒﺎﻟﻁﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ،‫ﻁﺒﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺠل‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬ ،‫ﻤﻨﻅﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﻅﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﺭﻴﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﺭﻡ‬)‫ﺕ‬711‫ﻫـ‬/1311‫ﻡ‬(‫ﻁ‬ ،‫ﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭ‬ ،‫ﺒﻴﺭﻭﺕ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﺎﻥ‬ ،4،1426‫ﻫـ‬/2005،‫ﻡ‬
‫ﺝ‬6‫ﺹ‬ ،179-180‫ﺝ‬ ،2‫ﺹ‬ ،507‫ﺝ‬ ،1‫ﺹ‬ ،553‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺍﺼﻁﻼﺤ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻔﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎ‬ ،:‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻋﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﺔ‬،‫ﺠﻴﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺼﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻔل‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻀﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﺒﻌﺎﺩﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺸﺎﻤﻠﺔ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻨﻅﺭ‬
،‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻗﻊ‬WWW.Altibbi.com

23. 23
‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺫﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺒﺩﻭ‬‫ﺃﻥ‬‫ﺃﻋﻁﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﻋﻨﺔ‬‫ﺍﻷﻤﺭﺍﺽ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺼﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻗﺩﻤﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻀﺢ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ‬ ،‫ﻗﺼﻭﻯ‬‫ﻟﻺﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬،‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﻋﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺇﻨﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻨﻴﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﺭﺍﺽ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﺨﻴﺹ‬‫ﻴﻅﻬﺭ‬‫ﺒﺭﻋﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﻋﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻤﻴﺎﻭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺭﺍﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻭﻋﻨﺩ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻤﻴﺎﻭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻤﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺜﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺩﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﻤل‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺭﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻼﺤﻅ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﺎﺤﻑ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻔﻭﻅﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ‬‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺠﻌﻠﻭﺍ‬)‫ﺃﻤﻨﺤﻭﺘﺏ‬(،‫ﺇﻟﻬﺎ‬
،‫ﻟﻠﻁﺏ‬‫ﻭﻋﺩﻭﻩ‬‫ﻁﺒﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﻭل‬‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺤﺎﻜﻤ‬ ‫ﻜﻭﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻨﺏ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩﻫﻡ‬،‫ﻭﻜﺎﺘﺒﺎ‬ ،‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﻤﻬﻨﺩﺴ‬‫ﻭﻅﻠﺕ‬ ،‫ﻋﻠﻭﻤﻪ‬
‫ﺘﺴﻴﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻋﻭﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺩ‬ ‫ﻁﻭﺍل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻬﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬،‫ﻭ‬‫ﻴﺫﻜﺭ‬‫ﻫﻴﺭﺩﻭﺩﺕ‬)‫ﺕ‬425‫ﻕ‬.‫ﻡ‬(‫ﺇﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻨ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺭﻴﻴﻥ‬‫ﻭ‬ ، ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﺠﺤﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺤﻨﻴﻁ‬ ‫ﻔﺭﺩﻭﺍ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺨﺼﺼﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺠﻴﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﺭﻓﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻨﻬﻡ‬
‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﻨﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﺭﻋﻪ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺼﺹ‬‫ﻭﺫﻜﺭ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺭﺍﺽ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺼﺹ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻨﻬﻡ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺭﺍﺽ‬
‫ﺨﺎﻟﻔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻗﺒﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﺒﻼ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﺠﺎﺘﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺘﺒﻌﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻴﻀﺎ‬‫ﺘﺩل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ‬ ،‫ﻬﺎ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺭﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻁﺒﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺭﺹ‬ ‫ﺨﻭﻑ‬‫ﻁﺒﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺎﻫﻠﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺼﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻤﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻤﺭﻴﺽ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﺤﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﺨﻁﺊ‬،‫ﺴﻨﻭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻭﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﺼﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻨﺯﻴل‬.)3
(
‫ﻭﻴﻌﺩ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻤﺔ‬‫ﺃﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺼﻴﺒﻌﺔ‬)‫ﺍﻷﻁﺒﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻁﺒﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻨﺒﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻋﻴﻭﻥ‬(‫ﻫﺭﻤﺱ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ‬‫ﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺼﺎﺤﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ،)‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺫﻭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﺍﻥ‬(،‫ﺃﺸﻬ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻁﺒﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺭ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻁﺒﻴ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﻓﻴﻠﺴﻭ‬‫ﺎ‬،‫ﻭ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻋﺎﻟ‬‫ﺍﻷ‬ ‫ﺒﻁﺒﺎﺌﻊ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺩﻭ‬،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺫﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﺍﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﺔ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺠﻭﺍل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺭﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻁﺒﺎﺌﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻗﺎﻟﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﻑ‬،‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﺤﺎﺜﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﻬل‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻭﺼﻔﺎﺘﻪ‬.)4
(
)3
(–‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬ ،‫ﻋﻜﺎﻭﻱ‬‫ﺹ‬ ،15-17.
)4
(-‫ﺃﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺼﻴﺒﻌﺔ‬،‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻭﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻓﻕ‬)‫ﺕ‬668‫ﻫـ‬/1269‫ﻡ‬(‫ﻁﺒﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻨﺒﺎﺀ‬ ‫،ﻋﻴﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻁﺒ‬‫ﻁ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭ‬ ،‫ﺒﻴﺭﻭﺕ‬ ،‫ﺎﺀ‬4،1407‫ﻫـ‬/1987‫ﺹ‬ ،‫ﻡ‬30-32.

24. 24
‫ﺃ‬ ، ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻁﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺭﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻅﺎﻫﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬‫ﻜﻬﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺨﺼﺹ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺭﺒﻁﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﻨﻬﻡ‬
‫ﺘﻨﺎﻭل‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻴﻔﻌل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺭﻴﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﻶﻟﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺘﻤﺩﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻟﺫﻟﻙ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺒﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺝ‬.
‫ﺍﻷﺴﻨﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻁﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺎﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺭﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬‫ﺘﺩﻋﻰ‬ ‫ﺁﻟﻬﺔ‬)‫ﺃﺒﻭﻟﻭﻨﻴﺎ‬(‫ﹴ‬‫ﺽ‬‫ﻗﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ،،‫ﻤﺼﺭﻱ‬
،‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺭﻋﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺏ‬ ‫ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻌل‬‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺒﺩﻭ‬‫ﻅﻬﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﻤﺭﺍﺽ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺼﺹ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻨﺎﻙ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻁﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﺭﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﺨﺼﺼﻴﻥ‬‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ،‫ﺭﺃﺱ‬
،‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻁﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺼﺹ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻨﻁﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﺩل‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﻜل‬ ،‫ﺍﻷﺴﻨﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻁﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺼﺹ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬
‫ﺃﻀﺭﺤﺘﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻫﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺴﻨﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻴﺎﻜل‬.)5
(
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺍﻓﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺜﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻘﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺸﻴﺭ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﻋﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺭﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻁﺒﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ‬
،‫ﺃﻨﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺜﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺫﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺠﺭﺍﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺠﺭﺍﺤﺔ‬‫ﻁﻴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺎﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﺤﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﺩﻭﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺠﺭﺍﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺁﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺼﺭ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﻟﺤﻭﺍﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺭﺠﻊ‬ ‫ﻨﺯ‬1500‫ﻕ‬.‫ﻡ‬.
‫ﺒﺎﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻀﺎﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﺼﺤﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺭﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻁﺒﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺅﻜﺩ‬
‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺤﻴﻨ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﻌﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﺘﻨﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺫﻟﻙ‬ ،‫ﺤﺎﺠﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﺄﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﻥ‬ ‫ﻻﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩﻫﻡ‬
‫ﻏﺫﺍﺌﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺌﺽ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺼﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﻥ‬)6
.(
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺘﺠﻠﻰ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻁﻔل‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺭﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﻁﺒﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻫﺘﻡ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺇﺭﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺴﻼﻤﺔ‬ ،‫ﻭﺒﻜﻤﻴﺘﻪ‬ ،‫ﺒﺎﻟﺜﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﻔل‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺠﻭﺩﺓ‬،‫ﻟﻠﺭﻀﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩﺴﻴﺘﻬﻡ‬ ،‫ﻁﻔﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻡ‬ ‫ﻉ‬
)5
(-‫ﺍﺒ‬،‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺭ‬ ،‫ﺍﺼﻴﺒﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻥ‬‫ﺹ‬30-32.
)6
(-‫ﺍﻟﻁﺏ‬ ‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬ ،‫ﻤﻭﻓﻕ‬ ‫ﺸﻭﻜﺕ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺸﻁﻲ‬)‫ﺍﻷﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺭ‬(‫ﻁ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺴﻭﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻁﺒﻌﺔ‬ ،‫ﺩﻤﺸﻕ‬ ،1،
1375‫ﻫـ‬/1956‫ﺹ‬ ،‫ﻡ‬8-12.

25. 25
‫ﺃﻤﺎ‬‫ﺃﺒﺭﺯ‬‫ﺍﻷﻁﻔﺎل‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺭﺍﺽ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬‫ﻋﺭﻓﻬﺎ‬‫ﺍﻷ‬‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺭﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻁﺒﺎﺀ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﻬﻲ‬:،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺯﻻﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺒﻭل‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺴﺎﺡ‬ ،‫ﺍﻷﻁﻔﺎل‬ ‫ﺸﻠل‬ ،‫ﺍﻻﻁﻔﺎل‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬‫ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ‬.)7
(
‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﻓﺩﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻼﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺏ‬ ‫ﺴﻤﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎ‬‫ﺫﻜﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬‫ﺃﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺠﻨﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠﻊ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬‫ﺘﻨل‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩل‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺤﻘﺎﻗﻬﺎ‬‫ﻫﻴﺭﻭﺩﺘﺱ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﺭﺩﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻭﻫﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺤﻅﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺴﺒﺏ‬ ‫ﺭﺒﻤﺎ‬ ،،‫ﺘﺩﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻥ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺒﺎﺒل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺭﻭﻓﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻨﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻁﺒﺎﺀ‬)8
(‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬‫ﺘﺅﻜﺩ‬‫ﺃﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﺭ‬‫ﻋﺎﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ‬‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﻓﺩﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻼﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﺤﻀﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻅﺎﻫﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻡ‬‫ﺒﺎﺒل‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺒﻠﻴﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ،‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺸﻭﺭﻴﻭﻥ‬،‫ﻤﺭﻀﺎﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﺝ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺼﺭﻱ‬‫ﺍﻷﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﺒﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﺒﺩﺍﻋﺎﺘﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻨﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﺭﻀﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻤﺩﻨﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻀﺎﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﻀﻌﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﻭﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺃﺼﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﻥ‬ ،‫ﻤﻌﻀﻠﺘﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﺴﺘﻔﺴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﺼﻠﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻤﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺸﻔﻲ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﻨﻔ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺭﺸﺩ‬‫ﺸﻔﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺩﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﺱ‬.)9
(
‫ﻗﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬)‫ﺤﻤﻭﺭﺍﺒﻲ‬*(‫ﺘﺠﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺼﺎﺭﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻭﻀﻌﺕ‬ ،‫ﺍﻷﻁﺒﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﺠﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺤﺩﺩﺕ‬ ‫ﻗﺩ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺴﺒﺒﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺄ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻌﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻁﺒﺎﺀ‬‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺃﺫﻯ‬‫ﻤﺭﻴﺽ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﺎﺓ‬.‫ﻗﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺫﻜﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬‫ﺤﻤﻭﺭﺍﺒﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺭﻀﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻤﻠﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺼﺎﺭﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻭﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﺭﻀﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻀﻌﺎﺕ‬.
‫ﻭ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺒﻠﻴﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﻗﺩ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺭﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻵﺸﻭﺭﻴﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻥ‬‫ﺘﻁﺭﺃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻭﻫﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺭﻓﻭﺍ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﻻﺴﻴﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺘﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺒﺏ‬ ، ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩﻫﻡ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺴﺎﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻴﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻭ‬ ‫ﻨﻪ‬
‫ﻨﻔﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺘﺒﻁﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺎﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺠﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻀﺎﺀ‬،‫ﻤﻘﺴﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻁﺒﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺎﻥ‬‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬
)7
(-‫ﺍﻟﻜﺴﺎﺡ‬:‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﻔل‬ ‫ﻴﺼﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺸﻭﻫﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻁﺭﺍﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﺼﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻬﻪ‬
‫ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ‬،‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺙ‬ ‫ﺇﺤﻴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻜﺯ‬ ،‫ﺒﻐﺩﺍﺩ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻁﻔﺎل‬ ‫ﻁﺏ‬ ‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬ ،‫ﻗﺎﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺝ‬-،‫ﺒﻐﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻁ‬3،1409‫ﻫـ‬/1989‫ﺹ‬ ،‫ﻡ‬26-28.
)8
(-Joan Otes. BABYLON,Germany, Interdruck Leipzig, 1994, p, 180.
)9
(-‫ﺍﻟﺭﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬‫ﻥ‬‫ﻨﺠﻴ‬ ‫ﺤﻜﻤﺕ‬ ،‫ﻁ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼل‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬ ،‫ﺏ‬1،
1397‫ﻫـ‬/1977‫ﺹ‬ ،‫ﻡ‬30-32.
*‫ﻋﺎﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﺎﺒل‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺤﺎﻜﻤ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬1792-1750‫ﻕ‬.‫ﻡ‬.

26. 26
‫ﻓﺌﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺜﻼﺙ‬:-،‫ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺼﺢ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺎﻟﺞ‬ ‫ﻓﺌﺔ‬‫ﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺎﻟﺞ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﺌﺔ‬‫ﻷ‬‫ﺘﻌﺎﻟﺞ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﺌﺔ‬ ،‫ﻭﺤﻴﻭﺍﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﺒﺎﺘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻟﻁﻼﺴﻡ‬)‫ﺍﻟﺴﺤﺭ‬(،‫ﺘﺩﻋﻰ‬ ‫ﺁﻟﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻁﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺘﻘﺩﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻵﺸﻭﺭﻴﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺒﻠﻴﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺎﻥ‬)‫ﻏﻭﻻ‬(Gula
).10
(
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻋﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺤﻀﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻜﺘﺸﻔﺕ‬‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﻼﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﺸﻔﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﻘﺎﻴﺎ‬‫ﺎﺭﻴﺨﻬ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬‫ﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻤﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻥ‬.‫ﻜﺘﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﺩﺕ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﻡ‬‫ﻁﺒﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﺯﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻘﻴﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻭﻥ‬‫ﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺏ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺎﻥ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻬﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﺏ‬‫ﺸﺎﺭﺍﻙ‬‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺎﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻼﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﺩﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺵ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟ‬‫ﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ‬‫ﻟﻠﻜﺜﻴﺭ‬‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻁﺒﺎﺀ‬‫ﻤﺴﻠﻤﻴﻥ‬‫ﺃﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺜل‬‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺯﻱ‬ ‫ﺒﻜﺭ‬
)‫ﺕ‬923‫ﻫـ‬/1037‫ﻡ‬(‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬)‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻭﻱ‬(.
‫ﺃﻤﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺘﺭﺠﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﻨﺩﻱ‬‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬‫ﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬)‫ﺴﻭﺴﺭﻭﺘﺎ‬(‫ﺍﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ،
‫ﺼﻨﻔﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺅﻟﻑ‬)‫ﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﻭﺍﻟﻲ‬300‫ﻕ‬.‫ﻡ‬(‫ﻭﺼل‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﻀﺨﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ،‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ‬
‫ﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬)‫ﺴﻭﺴﺭﻭﺘﺎ‬(‫ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﺠﺭﺍﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺩﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺘﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﻨﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺝ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬،‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﺼﻨﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻤﻭﻡ‬‫ﻓﺼل‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺩﺍﻭﻱ‬
‫ﻭﺘﺭﺒﻴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﻔل‬ ‫ﺘﻐﺫﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﺼل‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻌﺴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻻﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﺒﺭﻋﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺹ‬.
‫ﻭ‬‫ﺃﺸﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﺩ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺭﺨﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬‫ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺘ‬ ‫ﻤﺩﺭﺴﺘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺒﺼﻨ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻬﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺏ‬ ‫ﺎﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩ‬،‫ﻭﻫﻤﺎ‬:-
-‫ﺒﻴﻨﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺩﺭﺴﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺱ‬،‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺍﺌﺩﻫﺎ‬)‫ﺃﺘﺭﻴﺎ‬(‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺞ‬‫ﺒﺎﻷﺩﻭﻴﺔ‬‫ﻭﺍﻷﻏﺫﻴﺔ‬.
)10
(-‫ﺹ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺸﻁﻲ‬4-6.

27. 27
-‫ﺠﻬﻴﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻨﻬﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﻏﺭﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﺴﻴﻼ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺩﺭﺴﺔ‬،‫ﺍﻟﺠﺭﺍﺡ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺍﺌﺩﻫﺎ‬
)‫ﺴﺸﺭﻭﺘﺎ‬(‫ﺍﻟﺫﺍﺌﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻭﻑ‬‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺕ‬،‫ﻤﺂﺜ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻼﺴﻴﻜﻴﺔ‬.)11
(
‫ﻭﻤﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺨﺼﺎﺌﺼﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺩﺭﺴﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﺭﺍﺽ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺩ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻴﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﻠﻬﺎ‬
،‫ﻭﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬:‫ﺍﻟﻤﻼ‬ ‫ﺤﻤﻰ‬‫ﺭﻴ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﻭﺍ‬ ،‫ﺒﺎﻟﺠﺭﺫﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻼﻗﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻋﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻭﺒﺎﺀ‬ ،‫ﺒﺎﻟﺒﻌﻭﺽ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻼﻗﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺘ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻤﻴل‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺎﺭﺴﻭﺍ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺠﺩﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﻴﺢ‬‫ﺭﻗﻴﻊ‬‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺼﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺭﻓﻭﺍ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺠﻠﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺩﻫﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻨﺯﻑ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻭﻗﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﻭﺍ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻌﺴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻻﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬
‫ﺃﺤﻴﺎﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻲ‬.)12
(
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻋﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺘﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬‫ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻨﺎﻨﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬‫ﻋﻥ‬‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ،‫ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﻡ‬
‫ﻴﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬‫ﻗﺴﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺏ‬:‫ﻗﺴﻡ‬‫ﺃﺴﻁ‬، ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻌﻭﺫﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻴﺭﺘﺒﻁ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻱ‬‫ﻭﻗﺴﻡ‬‫ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ‬
‫ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻲ‬‫ﻗﺎﺌﻡ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﻭﺘﻘﻭل‬ ،‫ﺍﻷﺴﻁﻭﺭﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻨﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬‫ﺃﻥ‬)‫ﺍﺴﻘﺒﻴﻠﻭﺱ‬()13
(‫ﺍﻟﻁﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﻉ‬ ،
‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬‫ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻨﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﻗﻠﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬‫ﻋﺒﺎﺩﺓ‬)‫ﺍﺴﻘﻴﺒﻠﻭﺱ‬(‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻀﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﺃ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ،
‫ﻴﻘﺩﻤﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺼﺤﺎﺀ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﺘﺸﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ،‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺒﻴﻥ‬‫ﺘﺤﻭﻟﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻨﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺩ‬‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻴﺽ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺼل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻁﻘﻭﺱ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﺸﻔﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬‫ﺒﺎﻻﻁﻼﻉ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺴﺒﻘﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻀﻰ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬‫ﺃﻤﺭﺍﻀﻬﻡ،ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺸﻔﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﻴﻑ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺒﺩ‬‫ﺃﻥ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻨﺎﻥ‬
)11
(-‫ﺹ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬ ، ‫ﻋﻜﺎﻭﻱ‬48-50.
)12
(-،‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﺱ‬‫ﺹ‬50.
)13
(-‫ﺘﻠ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﻘﺒﻴﻠﻭﺱ‬‫ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻁﺏ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻬﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﻜﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺎﻥ‬ ،‫ﻤﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺭﻤﺱ‬ ‫ﻤﻴﺫ‬
،‫ﺠﻠﺠل‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ،‫ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‬ ،‫ﺍﺴﻘﻴﺒﻠﻭﺱ‬‫ﺍﻷﻨﺩﻟﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺎﻥ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﺤ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻭ‬)‫ﺕ‬383‫ﻫـ‬/994‫ﻡ‬(،‫ﺍﻷﻁﺒﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻁﺒﻘﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻜﻤﺎﺀ‬:‫ﻁ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻨﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻬﺩ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﺅﺍﺩ‬2،1374‫ﻫـ‬/1955‫ﺹ‬ ،‫ﻡ‬11-12.

28. 28
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻋﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﻘل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺠﻠﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻗﺩﻤﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻨﺏ‬‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ،‫ﺒﻴﺔ‬‫ﻴﻌﺩ‬)‫ﺃﺒﻘﺭﺍﻁ‬(‫ﺒﺄﺒﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻏﺭﻴﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺏ‬.)14
(
‫ﺘﻌﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬)‫ﺃﺒﻘﺭ‬‫ﺍﻁ‬(‫ﺍﻴﺭﻗﻠﻴﺩﺱ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺏ‬ ‫ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬،‫ﺍﺼﻴﺒﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ،)15
(
‫ﻴﺫﻫﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬‫ﺇ‬‫ﻟﻰ‬‫ﺃﻥ‬‫ﺃﺒﻘﺭﺍﻁ‬‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻭل‬‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺸﻔﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﺠﺩ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤﺠﻤﻌ‬ ‫ﺒﺴﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻘﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻤل‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ‬‫ﻴﻘﻭﻤﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺨﺩﻤ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺠﻌل‬ ،‫ﻟﻠﻤﺭﻀﻰ‬
‫ﻁﻭﺍل‬ ‫ﻟﻸﻁﺒﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤﺭﺠﻌ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ،‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤﺅﻟﻔ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﻘﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺨﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ،‫ﺒﻤﺩﺍﻭﺍﺘﻬﻡ‬
‫ﻁﻭﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﻘﺏ‬.)16
(
‫ﻭﺒﻌﺩ‬665،‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺤﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻘﺭﺍﻁ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺴﻨﺔ‬500‫ﺤﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺤﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﺴﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺠﺎﻟﻴﻨﻭﺱ‬ ‫ﻅﻬﺭ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬)130-201‫ﻡ‬(‫ﺍﻟﻁﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ،‫ﺃﺒﻘﺭﺍﻁ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﻁﺒﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﺸﻬﺭ‬ ‫ﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺠﻠﺠل‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺫﻜﺭ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻁﺒﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﺸﻬﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻨﺎﻨﻲ‬)‫ﻭﺸﺎﺭﺤﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺎﺴﻁﻪ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻁﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﺘﺎﺡ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻁﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻪ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻘﺩﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬‫ﺴﺘﺔ‬‫ﺃﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺒﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ،‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺩﻴﻭﺍﻨ‬ ‫ﻋﺸﺭ‬‫ﺇ‬‫ﺴﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻟﻑ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺭﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺤﻴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﺭﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻟﻑ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﺭﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺸﺭﺓ‬،‫ﻜﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻘﺭﺍﻁ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺸﺭﺡ‬ ،‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒ‬
‫ﻭﺒﺴﻁﻬﺎ‬.()17
(
‫ﻭ‬‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺅﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺭﺃﻭﺍ‬ ،‫ﺍﻷﺭﺒﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻔﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻨﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﺭﺍﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺘﺒﻁﺕ‬
‫ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻭﺍ‬ ،‫ﺍﻷﻤﺭﺍﺽ‬:‫ﺇ‬‫ﻭﺃﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺨﺭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺸﺘﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺩﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺭﺍﺽ‬ ‫ﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻠﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﻤﺭﺍﺽ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺭﺒﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺩﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﺭﺍﺽ‬‫ﺍﻷﻤﺭﺍﺽ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺩﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻴﺽ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﺘﻀﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻼﺝ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﺭﻁﻭﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻔﺎﻑ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺤﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﺘﺒﻁ‬
)14
(-‫ﺍﻟﻬﻭﻨﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ،ﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬ ،56-58.
)15
(-‫ﺹ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺭ‬ ،‫ﺍﺼﻴﺒﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬41-43.
)16
(-‫ﺹ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺸﻁﻲ‬39-40.
)17
(-‫ﺹ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺭ‬ ،‫ﺠﻠﺠل‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬41-43.

29. 29
‫ﻭﺘﻤﻜﻨﻭﺍ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺩﻤﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻨﻴﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺠﺴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺘﻐﻠﺏ‬
‫ﻭﻋﺭﻓﻭ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﺭﺍﺽ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺽ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﺭﺃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺩﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍ‬
،‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺴﻤﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺎﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺜل‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻼﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﺃﻴﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺭﻓﻭﺍ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺝ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺭﺍﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﺼﻨﻊ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻭﺼﻠﻭﺍ‬.)18
(
‫ﺃﻤﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻋﺎﻴﺔ‬‫ﻜﺎﻨ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬‫ﺕ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻨﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤﺯﻴﺠ‬
‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺩﺨل‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺼﺭﻱ‬‫ﺍﺒﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺯﻭﺍﺝ‬ ‫ﺇﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﺒﻼﺩ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻭﺍﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﺤﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻨﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻁﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺼﺭ‬)‫ﺃﻭﻟﻴﻨﻭﺱ‬(‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻠﻙ‬ ،)‫ﺴﺎﺒﻭﺭ‬(،‫ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻨﺎﻨﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻁﺒﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﺸﻴﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫ‬ ،
،‫ﻓﺎﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻨﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﻘﻠﻭﺍ‬‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬‫ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺸﺎﺭﻜﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺭﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻁﺒﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﻤﻠﻭﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺩﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻨﻴﻁ‬،)(19
‫ﺒﺭﺯ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬‫ﺕ‬‫ﻓﺎﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻁﺒﻘﺔ‬)‫ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﺩﺸﺘﻴﺔ‬(‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻤﻌﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺏ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺜﻼﺙ‬ ‫ﻓﺌﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻜﻭﻨﺕ‬ ،‫ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺘﻪ‬:‫ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ‬:‫ﺒﺎﻷﺩﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺎﻟﺞ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‬:‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻘﺎﻗﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻷﻏﺫﻴﺔ‬:‫ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﺭﺍﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬.)20
(
‫ﺇﻟ‬ ‫ﺘﺼل‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻡ‬‫ﻗﺒل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺭﻋﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻓﺄﺨﺫﻭﺍ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺭﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺤﺒﺎﺵ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬ ،‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺭ‬ ‫ﺸﺎﻫﺩﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺄﺜﺭﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﻡ‬‫ﺃﻭﻩ‬،‫ﺍﻟﺴﺤﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻁﺒﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺘﻤﺩﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺎﻨﻭﺍ‬ ،‫ﻓ‬‫ﻴﺩﺍﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺤﺭ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬
)18
(-‫ﺹ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻬﻭﻨﻲ‬21.
)(19
-‫ﺹ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﺱ‬24.
)20
(-‫ﺹ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬ ،‫ﻋﻜﺎﻭﻱ‬44-46.