Why Minority Rights Became A Destabilizing Force After The...

Why Minority Rights Became A Destabilizing Force After The...
In order to answer the question on why minority rights became such a destabilizing force after the
war, we must first look at what caused this problem to become the forefront of many European
minds. At the beginning of the interwar period, two pivotal events took place that left stains on
Europe; stains that, to some, indirectly led to the start of World War 2. The first and most important
event was the publishing of Woodrow Wilson 's Fourteen points on January 8, 1918. These points
were created in the hope to promote peace and harmony among the recently war stricken nations of
Europe. One prominent point that came from this document was the idea of self–determination. This
ideology encouraged people to form their own nation where they could choose rulers and live
amongst others who share the same culture. This idea of belonging to one 's own nation piqued the
interest of the millions of people living in the various, heavily diverse countries of Europe. It also
increased the feeling of nationalism across the board which spurred the need for self–determination
even more. However, creating these new individual nation–states came with a difficult challenge
due to these diverse populations commingling in different countries. 20th century European
governments, fresh out of war, now had the task of meeting every group 's desire to be established as
a nation, while simultaneously creating peaceful environments. As we know now, that task was
realistically impossible.
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The End Of The War
In Autumn of 1918 it all started, desertion rates were dramatically rising in the German army, civil
strikes reduced German war, protection, this was the beginning of the end of the war. While the
German army was slowly collapsing the Americans found their perfect chance to vitally strike the
German army. The Americans then launched the essential Hundred Day Offensive which was the
concluding offensive period of the war. The Hundred Day Offense that vitally pushed Germany out
of France, therefore, forcing them to retreat beyond the Hindenburg Line. The "Hindenburg Line"
was the allied term for the German Siegfriedstellung that was built during the winter of 1916 – 1917
and was a German defense position on the eastern front. Once the Germans retreated to the
Hindenburg line the Americans carried out a 56–hour bombardment followed by the breach of the
almost defunct Hindenburg Line. This war the end of war? After all of this, one of the most
important and grueling treaty with Germany was signed.
After war soon came bargaining of a treaty meant to end all wars. The bargaining started early
1919's and was completed in April. The treaty of Versailles was divided into 15 sections including
the covenant League of Nations being one of the most important and controversial sections of the
treaty. Approximately a month after bargaining was over the Treaty of Versailles was presented to
Germany for "consideration". Germany was given 3 weeks to accept. If not accepted war

World War I And The Great War
World War One, or The Great War as it is sometimes known, significantly altered the course of
history for all the countries involved. It ushered in previously unprecedented changes in American
politics, economics, and society, through the passage of laws that blatantly violated constitutional
rights, a redefinition of women's role in the workforce and the promotion of agriculture) as well as a
rise in radicalism and a new form of patriotism. America's entrance into World War I led to the
passage of the Espionage Act in 1917 and the Sedition Act of 1918, laws that blatantly violated the
First Amendment right of Freedom of Speech. These laws limited criticism of the government, its
leaders, and policies by fining and imprisoning those who ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
When Wilson asked Congress for a Declaration of War, he did so with the belief that the purpose of
American involvement in World War I was not one of "revenge or the victorious assertion of the
physical might of the nation, but only the vindication of right, human right, of which we are only a
single champion" (Declaration of War, April 2, 1917); in other words, America was fighting in the
war to defend human rights. At the Paris Peace Conference of 1918, Wilson proposed his Fourteen
Points in an attempt to protect human interest by further preventing war in Europe. He believed that
by procuring a "peace without victory", peace without materialistic proof of victory, he would be
able to put a stop to the cycle of wars that had been occurring in Europe; all the previous treaties
essentially set up new wars by assigning a clear winner and placing blame on another country.
Wilson included his idea of the League of Nations, an organization that he believed would help
maintain peace by assuring that every member of the League would come to the aid of any member
that was attacked (Article X), in his Fourteen Points; the League was the central idea of his Fourteen
Points. Unlike Wilson, his European Allies wanted a peace with victory, one which involved
assigning blame to Germany and forcing them to pay reparations. In order to get Wilson to agree to
the Treaty of Versailles, the European

The Aftermath Of The World War I
The early twentieth century was a chaotic and violent period that left Europe on the brink of total
collapse. The aftermath of "the war to end all wars" was devastating. With seventeen million people
dead, and twenty million wounded, World War I was one of the deadliest conflicts in human history.
European leaders gathered at the Conference of Versailles in an attempt to broker a Treaty that
would end the war, and help rebalance Europe. Yet, the Treaty was doomed to failure, as French
representative George Clemence, and British representative Lloyd George looked to politically
destroy Germany. Despite the fact that Austria–Hungary played a larger part in the war, these leaders
held Germany almost entirely responsible, and used the conference as a backdrop to try to humiliate
and destabilize Germany. Only President Woodrow Wilson, of the United States, sought to broker an
agreement that was both fair and reasonable to the Germans, who began to see Wilson as their only
hope against the vengeful French and British representatives. Unfortunately, Wilson could not
garner peace, and his failure ultimately contributed to causing World War II. His inability to create a
fair and reasonable Treaty cultivated German anger and resentment towards the rest of the world,
and left them financially and emotionally vulnerable to the malicious dictator, Adolf Hitler.
The Treaty of Versailles was meant to help restabilize Europe, and end the animosity that the
differing European countries

The Liberal And Defeat Of The Treaty Of Versailles
After the fighting of World War I stopped, the nations of the Allied powers gathered in Paris, France
to negotiate and write the treaty that would end the war. What would become known as the Treaty of
Versailles was signed by Germany and most of the Allied powers. However, the United States did
not do so. Both liberal and conservative opposition as well as the behavior and actions of President
Wilson significantly contributed to the defeat of the Treaty of Versailles in the United States. Liberal
groups saw components of the treaty as being insufficient and failing to ensure the interests of the
United States and this belief spread to many. Conservative groups viewed aspects of the treaty as
being unnecessary and too harsh on Germany and many came to agree. In addition, President
Wilson's refusal to compromise on ratification of the treaty made it very difficult to allow it to
receive the support it needed. The many nations that were part of the Allied powers met in the
Palace of Versailles in France to negotiate what would happen to the nations that were part of the
Axis powers, Germany, Austria–Hungary, and Turkey. In the negotiations, President Wilson
proposed and argued for his Fourteen Points. These points consisted of restrictions, land
redistribution, and establishments that President Wilson believed would prevent war in the future.
Among these points, he included the eradication of any and all economic obstructions and barriers
as well as the establishment of a

The Interpretation Of Woodrow Wilson
The interpretation of Woodrow Wilson (1913–21)
I have taken this from an external source to show the power of idealism, and how Woodrow was
perceived.
Wilson abandoned the imperialist policy and brought to the White House a new way of looking at
America's relations with the outside world. Wilson believed that the United States was the most
politically enlightened in a sense under god, he felt that people throughout the world had their right
to choose their own governments. Wilson was only protecting people rights to democracy.
Primary Source Analysis
6. Wilson Defends the Peace Treaty and League, 1919 (Indianapolis, Indiana September 4)
As I read in between the lines of the text it comes clear that U.S appears to be the Super country and
not only that, I believe that Woodrow Wilson is protecting the interest of countries by making them
sign a Treaty explaining them not allowed to go to war for no reason of any sort.
The text conveys the talk of economic boycott I believe what he was trying to convey was that
anyone who economically trades with a country that has started a war with a country but another
country and helps them with the economy, will be part of the country of war and will not be funded
and also isolated and cannot take their decision back.
In text 5 talks about articles of the league of Nations Covenant 1919. Article 10 to article 14, talks
about any member of league to act hostile or aggressive, is declared a matter of concern and if
becomes serious then

Comments of the German Delegation to the Paris Peace...
Case Study Week Two: Comments of the German Delegation to the Paris Peace Conference 1919 1.
According to the authors of Germany's complaint. The various provisions of the treaty hurt
Germany's economy by forcing Germany to accept full responsibility for the damages caused not
only by the Germans but also by everyone associated with them and the damage that was caused. As
stated in the article, Comments of the German Delegation to the Paris Peace Conference, 1919
President Wilson recognized in his speech of 1916 "no single fact caused the war, but that in the last
analysis the whole European system is in a deeper sense responsible for the war, with its
combination of alliances and understandings, a complicated texture of intrigues ... Show more
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Instead they were pretty much treated as if everything was their fault and they had sole
responsibility for the war and they were going to pay the price. 3. The "fundamental Laws" the
document appeal to in order to strengthen German assertions was the right to self– determination.
They felt that by being deprived of that right, the feelings and wishes of all the people were being
taken away and not being considered. They were forced to abide by other nations wishes without
any input as to what they wished for themselves. 4. Personally I do agree that Germany was being
mistreated. In my opinion, they were being unfairly treated because what applied to one nation did
not apply to them. They were pretty much treated like they were the sole reason why the war started
and they were being punished for the actions and choices of many nations. It was as if in order to
live in peace they had to give up the very land and rights everyone was fighting for, especially the
basic rights of the nations of self–determination. It is unreasonable and not right to force Germany
to give up all power of their land, by having another nation determine everything for them, for
Germany to have to rebuild their country and not benefit from it, rather the only benefit to
rebuilding would be to other nations. I think defenders of the treaty would respond to Germany's
complaints by

Woodrow Wilson 's The League Of Nations
The League of Nations was established in 1919 after the deadly and devastating conflict of World
War I. The nations of the world needed a way to rebuild and regain trust in one another after this
worldwide atrocity. President Woodrow Wilson believed that an international peacekeeping
organization, such as the League of Nations, could achieve this monumental goal. President Wilson
was convinced that the League could prevent another wWorld wWar, preserve peace, and promote
total disarmament among nations. Wilson went to the Treaty of Versailles negotiations with a
Fourteen Point Plan for peace, but he sacrificed almost all of his plans so that the League of Nations
could be established. This organization, however, would never live up to the President's dreams for
its success. Despite Woodrow Wilson's support for the League of Nations, it failed as a peace
keeping organization because the United States did not participate, its decision making process was
ineffective, and it lacked an armed force to impose its decisions.
When Woodrow Wilson returned to the United States from the 1919 Paris Peace talks, he began
campaigning within the United States for the ratification of the League. He had expected this to be a
easy process. However, there were many opponents to the League of Nations, including a small
group of Republican Senators and Congressman. These government officials were supported by
isolationists who wanted to keep the United States out of world affairs. They

The War Of Versailles Between The Allies And Germany
At the beginning of 1919 all eyes were turned towards Paris. The city was to become the main focal
point for the world's population. This was where the peace talks were to be held to draw a close to
the First World War, the war to end all wars. World leaders from 32 countries converged on Paris
armed with the demands for their countries reparation. The 'Big Three' participants of the peace talks
wanted more than just reparation. For six months the world's most powerful and influential men met
every day arguing, then discussing, then arguing again. Deals were made, various treaties drawn up
and new countries and organisations were created, the decisions made between January and June
1919 were the most important. This demonstration of power, debate and decision making had never
been seen before nor would it be seen ever again. The treaty was signed at the Palace of Versailles
between the Allies and Germany. The three most important politicians there were David Lloyd
George representing Great Britain, Georges Clemenceau for France and Woodrow Wilson, president
of the United States of America. The victors from World War One were in no mood to be charitable
to the defeated nations and Germany in particular was held responsible for the war and its
consequences. (http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/modern–world–history–1918–to–1980/the–
treaty–of–versailles/ accessed 02 Feb 2016)
Para 1 – GB
David Lloyd George was Prime Minister of Great Britain when the Armistice took place in

The Paris Peace Conference and Versailles Treaty Essay
Success or Failure
At the end of World War I (WWI), as with most wars, it was necessary to hold a peace conference
and due to the number of countries involved in the war, this task was extremely imposing. The
desired conclusion of this conference was world peace, but with approximately 75% of the world
nations represented and each country having it's own agenda, the search for peace was elusive
because of a desire for vengeance. This vengeance may have set the stage for World War II. On
January 12th, 1919, the Paris Peace Conference (PPC) opened at several different venues, in and
around Paris, France, but was moved to the Versailles Palace because of the number of attendees. As
many as 32 World Leaders were represented at the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The total deaths of all nations, civilian and soldier deaths, who fought in WWI, are thought to be
well over 8.5 million deaths and 21 million being wounded. The desire of revenge against Germany
and the countries that fought with them, resonated through out the conference. In secret treaties, held
prior to the end of the war, the PPC outcome had basically already been decided. Europe was
determined to make Germany pay and the actual treaty, in essence, was victory–with–vengeance.
Woodrow Wilson brought his Fourteen Points document to the peace table hoping to change the way
of thinking in Europe, but he was up against centuries of inbred infighting. Wilson's Fourteen
Points, which included the following four;
1) no more secret treaties
2) countries must seek to reduce their weapons and their armed forces
3) national self–determination should allow people of the same nationality to govern themselves and
one nationality should not have the power to govern another
4) all countries should belong to the League of Nations was reduced to "One Point", and this point
was the establishment of the League of Nations, and even this was a hollow victory, as the American
Congress would never allow the United States to be a member of the League. Also, secret treaties
had been entered into before the PPC, the division of country

Compare And Contrast The Goals Of The United States In The...
After World War I, there were countries that had goals in the Paris Peace Conference in 1919. The
Paris Peace Conference was a meeting to create peace terms between the victors and the defeated.
Counties like the United States, France, Britain, Italy, and Germany all had different desires towards
what they wanted out of the meeting of peace. Their wants vary from positive to negative outcomes
regarding to peace. After World War I, the goals of the US, French, British, Italians, and the
Germans at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919 all have similarities and differences when compared
and contrasted. For the United States in the Paris Peace Conference their aims were very generous
of them to think about the others in Europe for a long lasting ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
They wanted Germany's economy to become stable. They were concerned that Germany would not
be able to make their reparations to Britain as well as they would if they have a bad economy,
especially after the war. Along with wanting Germany to have a controlled economy, Britain
believes they would become communist if they would not have an economic recovery . Britain also
wanted to disarm the German naval fleets to reduce the threat that was in WWI because the British
wanted to keep their navy superiority out of all the other European countries . Another aim Britain
had been to take colonies that were in the Ottoman Empire and Germany . This is a territorial reason
for Britain in the Paris Peace Conference. The Italians in the Paris Peace Conference all mainly
wished for territory after World War I. They were helping the Triple Entente when the war started.
They were promise land where the majority spoke Italian in Austria–Hungary in the secret Treaty of
London . Along with the treaty, they also wanted reparations from Austria–Hungary due to the
damages and casualties Austria–Hungary caused during the war . Italy's last territorial claim was to
have the Albanian port of Vlore because Italy intended to be the protector of Albania, controlling
what they were doing outside their country

The German Delegation Of The Paris Peace Conference On The...
Case Study 2: A Review of Comments of the German Delegation to the Paris Peace Conference on
the Conditions of Peace (October 1919)
President Woodrow Wilson had secured the political clout to establish foreign policy after World
War I. However, the Europeans, especially the two major powers in Europe, England and France
had the right to be circumspect of several aspects of Wilson's plan. The German Delegation utilized
President Wilson's analogy that, "no single fact caused the war, but that in last analysis the whole
European system is in a deeper sense responsible for the war..." (Comments of the German
Delegation, 1919). European leaders could have taken offense to Wilson's plan. President Wilson's
represented a nation that was protected by thousands of miles of oceans, and during the war the
United States suffered no loss of infrastructure and economically their markets made money during
the war. However, that was not the case for the European political leaders. They truly had an ax to
grind against Germany. France with closer proximity to Germany than England elected to be
protective and leery of Germany's intentions after the war. Germany on the other hand was
distraught over the terms laid before them by the Europeans at the Paris Peace Conference. The
Germans believed they were being singled out, and that through the attrition of their sovereign
territory they were losing vast economic resources and their ability to establish self–determination
and self–preservation.

Pros And Cons Of The Paris Peace Conference
Many historians continue to argue about president Woodrow Wilson's success at the Paris Peace
Conference, however the conference is regarded as one of Wilson's biggest failures during his days.
The Paris Peace Conference's main goal was to establish the terms of peace after World War One.
Moreover France and Britain which are known as the dominant powers of the Triple Entente, were
seeking revenge and wanted to make Germany suffer after their glorious victory against the Triple
Alliance. On the other hand president Woodrow Wilson was looking to "make the world safe for
democracy (1)." President Woodrow Wilson outlined what he wanted in his famous fourteen points.
His polices led to economic instability in addition to " he invaded a number of ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
President Wilson was seen as an the only idealistic person from the influential people in the
conference. As a matter of fact the Treaty of Versailles is seen from historians' point of views as one
of the main reasons that lead to World War Two. The questions that remains a mystery is where is
the peace that President Wilson wanted and promised for

Things Fall Apart: The Paris Peace Conference
Throughout the semester, the seventh period Modern World History class, has assimilated an ample
amount of information. The information one has attained in the class can range from the
catastrophes in early Europe, to the skirmishes of the present day world, and evidently the most
important lesson was about the Peace Treaty of Versailles. The most salient event is the
establishment of the Paris Peace Conference, because the results of the meeting initiated World War
2; dismembered many of the previous empires; and it was the first time where colonization was
opposed. All these events were triggered by the end decree of the Paris peace conference and would
initiate or settle future conflicts. The Paris peace conference ventured the future ... Show more
During the dawn of 1900's Europe imperialism was heavily practiced, however, it wasn't till the idea
was consequently looked down upon in the consultation of nations. According to the textbook
"Since, Woodrow Wilson had opposed the outright annexation of colonial territories by Allies, the
peace peace settlement had created a system of mandates whereby a nation officially administered a
territory on behalf of the League of Nations..."(p.799). Woodrow Wilson , can be considered the
leader of the this conference, and for him to take a stand against imperialism, and create a new
system, means that there has now been an opposition to colonization.The Paris Peace conference
was the most important event, because it specifically helped expand an intiate feelings of aggression
and disgust with colonization, that would later be expanded upon in the next fifty years. Everything
prior to the conference is the past, and everything after is the future However, this conference was
the middle glue that sticks it all

The Failure Of The Treaty Of Versailles
The failure of the Treaty of Versailles in the United States Senate was due to both the opposition of
the treaty in liberal and conservative forces, as well as Woodrow Wilson's stubbornness and
incompetence when deciding the final version of the treaty with imperialism, German restrictions,
and the League of Nations. As World War I began with the assassination of Archduke Franz
Ferdinand, igniting a conflict between Serbia and Austria–Hungary that snowballed into a war with
Great Britain, France, and Russia against Germany, Austria–Hungary and Italy. When the war was
over, the Treaty of Versailles needed to be discussed between the Great Britain, France, Italy, and the
United States. The European demands from the war were fueled by revenge, and their imperialism
countered Wilson's apparent morality. Although isolationists and Republicans desired to influence
the treaty, Wilson had accepted the European demands, and even after altering the treaty for
European gain, he disallowed the treaty from passing twice in the Senate after Henry Cabot Lodge
added reservations. Wilson's influence on the Senate and the Treaty of Versailles led to its defeat in
the United States and ultimately the US absence in the League of Nations. The opposition of the
Treaty of Versailles rose when the European nations contradicted America's values of isolationism
and moral idealism, with various groups in the United States questioning the treaty and its lenience
of European imperialism. Beginning

Analysis Of Woodrow Wilson 's ' The Straw That Broke The...
Following WW1, Europe was left in a bad state. Empires were destroyed and states were being
formed. The Minority question that arose following the war, albeit important, was not as much of a
destabilizing force in this time as people like to think. It was only the byproduct of events that took
place. These events include the publishing of the fourteen points, the settlements made during the
Paris Peace conference, and the creation of state constitutions. The minority question was, in
essence, the straw that broke the camel's back, breaking the already damaged infrastructure of post
war Europe.
In order to answer the question on why minority rights became such a destabilizing force after the
war, we must first look at what caused this problem to become the forefront of many European
minds. Two pivotal events took place following the war that left stains on Europe; stains that, to
some, indirectly led to the start of World War 2. The first and most important event was the
publishing of Woodrow Wilson 's fourteen points on January 8, 1918. These points were created in
the hope to promote peace and harmony among the recently war stricken nations of Europe. One
prominent point that came from this document was the idea of self–determination. This encouraged
people to form their own nation where they could choose rulers and live amongst others who share
the same culture. This piqued the interest of the millions of people living in the various, and heavily

Historical Context Of The Treaty Of Versailles
Treaty of Versailles: Historical Context Ninety–eight years ago, after the fighting of World War I
subsided, the Treaty of Versailles ("the Treaty") was signed at the Palace of Versailles in France by
the Allied powers and Germany. The compromise of the Treaty is that it ended World War I. The
conflict of the Treaty is that it fed the German's hate for the Allied Powers and, in turn, was the
cause of World War II. "In their hearts was a stern resolution that the fiasco of November 11, 1918,
would not be repeated for all serious people in America, as in all nations, remembered that much
hailed Versailles Treaty was sown the very seeds of World War II" (Library Of Congress. Manzanar
free press, November 12, 1942. 1942. Newspaper. Retrieved from the Library of Congress,
https://www.loc.gov/item/sn84025948/1942–11–12/ed–1/. )
David Lloyd George, the Prime minister of Britain, Georges Clemenceau, the French Prime
Minister, and the Italian Prime Minister, Vittoria Orlando, made up the "Big Three" that wrote the
Treaty. Woodrow Wilson, the United States president at the time, also took part in the writing of the
Treaty although, out of his fourteen points, only one made it into the Treaty because the European
leaders had a different agenda. Germany would also be involved, although not in the writing
process, but would be most affected by the provisions of the Treaty.
During the signing of the Treaty, the U. S. citizens and senate would oppose their president in
wanting it

The Huge Four: Arrangements At The Paris Peace Conference
The Peace Conference
The Paris Peace Conference took place in January 1919 at Versailles near Paris. The purpose of the
gathering was to build up peace after World War I. In spite of the fact that about thirty countries took
part, the agents of the United Kingdom, France, the United States, and Italy wound up noticeably
known as the "Enormous Four." The "Huge Four" commanded the procedures that prompted the
detailing of the Treaty of Versailles, a settlement that finished World War I. The Treaty of Versailles
explained the bargains came to at the meeting.
It incorporated the arranged development of the League of Nations, which would serve both as a
universal gathering and a worldwide aggregate security course of action. U.S. President Woodrow
Wilson was a solid supporter of the League as he trusted it would forestall future wars.
Arrangements at the Paris Peace Conference were confused. The United Kingdom, France, and Italy
battled together as the Allied Powers amid the First World War. The United States entered the war in
April 1917 as an Associated Power. While it battled close by the Allies, the United States was will
undoubtedly respect previous assertions among the Allied Powers. These assertions concentrated on
after war redistribution of regions. U.S. President Woodrow Wilson unequivocally contradicted a
large number of these game plans, including Italian requests on the Adriatic. This regularly
prompted huge contradictions among the "Huge Four."

Woodrow Wilson 's Influence On American Ideology And...
President Woodrow Wilson presented the Fourteen Points in 1918 during his speech to Congress
with hopes to have a solid plan accepted believing to be vital to the restoration of Europe in the post
war world. The issues at hand required the neutral nation to make a stance for the weaker and more
vulnerable countries that could not necessarily fend for themselves in the Great War. The most
famous derivative from the Fourteen Points of Woodrow Wilson is indeed the world–renowned
United Nations, which replaced the League of Nations after World War Two. To this day, historians
have debated the President's motives and intentions in writing the post war plan and the limitations
to have a more controlled world order. After having analysed multiple interpretations of various
historians, I argue that President Woodrow Wilson's famous intervention now known as the fourteen
points is indeed a direct example and expression of American ideology and interests. The United
States essentially acted out as the big brother to other nations and unified them in what he sought to
be the most acceptable, reasonable and efficient way possible at the time. The plans for the
restoration of the European and somewhat international economy and the protection of the
minorities in Europe were oddly enough in the faith of the United States, and the reflection of
international forces and pressures on U.S policy was in full effect. Unfortunately, the United States
Senate did not approve their membership and

The Pros And Cons Of The Treaty Of Sussex
The Treaty of Sussex includes points which support colonialism and states that the German colonies
in Southeast Asia go to Japan and the remaining German colonies are spread between France and
Great Britain. The treaty should be encouraging decolonization movements instead of colonialism,
even if this demands France and Great Britain to give up on their own colonies. In 1914, the whole
Africa except Liberia and Ethiopia, was ruled by Europeans. Great Britain and France were in
charge of the two biggest colonial empires. During the war, they utilized their colonies for both
human and material resources. From Britain's colonies, India contributed the biggest number of
soldiers with nearly 1.5 million gathered from the beginning of the war until December 1919. The
dominions Canada, New Zealand, Australia, South Africa and Newfoundland contributed with an
additional 1.3 million men to the British army. Initially, France had 90,000 troops (troupes
indigènes) under their control for the war. Then, between 1914 and 1918, France assembled
approximately 500,000 colonial troops in total: 166,000 West Africans, 46,000 Madagascans, ...
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The 14 points included proposals to ensure world peace in the future: open agreements, arms
reductions, freedom of the seas, free trade, and self–determination for oppressed minorities. The 14
points served as a basis for the terms of German surrender negotiated at the Paris Peace Conference
in 1919, but most of Wilson's 14 points were excluded in the Treaty of Versailles ending World War
I. All of them were thinking only their own nation's interests, and they did not put the whole nations
and the world's interest as a reason to enforce the treaty and to fight against Germany. There were
often controversies occurred among the allied countries themselves during the discussion to make
the treaty. Therefore, it showed that there were lacks of cooperation with one

Symbolism In Clemenceau The Vampire
"Clemenceau the Vampire', a cartoon published in the German newspaper, 'Kladderadatsch', on July
1919, powerfully depicts the perspective Germany held on the Treaty of Versailles. This particular
cartoon was published immediately following the signing of the Treaty of Versailles (the Peace
Treaty). The Treaty of Versailles was a peace treaty, which officially brought the Great War to an
end. The Allies, in particular, the 'Big Three', Great Britain, America, and France, wrote the treaty,
which was negotiated between January and June 1919 in Paris. This Treaty was created in order to
punish Germany, and meet the goals of various Allied Powers. The different desires of the "Big
Three' and their opinion of Germany resulted in extreme bitterness in Germany when she was forced
to sign the Treaty of Versailles. Considering the Treaty of Versailles was created primarily with the
purpose, of both punishing and weakening Germany, it placed the blame of starting the Great War
on Germany. The German cartoonist effectively criticises and demonstrates their hatred for the
Peace Treaty, through the use of symbolism. While doing this, the cartoonist positions the audience
to perceive their perception of the sorrow that is being brought to Germany.
Symbolism, in particular, plays a main role in this cartoon, in conveying the overall message of the
cartoon. In particular, it is highly eye–catching and evident that the vampire in the cartoon is
symbolising George Clemenceau, the Prime

A Summary Of Wilsonian Internationalism
Wilsonian Internationalism, also known as Liberal Internationalism, is a foreign policy ideology that
advocates for open communication between nations and solving international disputes using "a
strong faith in the rule of law...and in the ability of dynamic democratic capitalism to spread
prosperity to all" (Lecture A, Week 3). This ideology encouraged and reinforced a bond between
countries to promote peace, while still furthering economic success.
Woodrow Wilson was a strong proponent of justice and open understandings between countries, and
the term Wilsonian Internationalism was coined after this political and economic theory. In a speech
to Congress in 1917 called "War Message", Wilson showcases his ideology after events in WWI
forced him to acknowledge the ever narrowing gap that was America's likelihood of staying out of
the war. In "War Message", Wilson emphasizes that Germany endangers peace and understanding of
the international law "which [should] be respected and observed upon the seas, where no nation had
right of dominion and where lay the free highways of the world" (War Message, pp. 44). He argues
that when Germany sank ships that had no bearing to the war in the least, and breaking international
law, they were crafting a political world where democracy was not the foremost priority. Wilson
used this stance on Germany to propose entering the war on the grounds that threats to democracy to
some, was a threat to democracy of all, stating, "the world must be

The Big Four : And Others Of The Peace Conference
The Big Four: And Others of the Peace Conference, by Robert Lansing offers a firsthand perspective
on what occurred during the Peace talks following the First World War. Robert Lansing primarily
concentrates on the four biggest players during the Peace talks, Georges Clemenceau, Woodrow
Wilson, David Lloyd George, and Vittorio E. Orlando. Lansing's report of these four men
compromised three fourths of the entire book, leaving the rest of the book to the representatives of
other States, such as Eleftherios Venizelos, Emir Feisul, Louis Botha, and Ignace Jan Paderewski.
One of the most significant features of this book is that it offers a different perspective of the Peace
talks because it is a look at how people viewed these Statesmen and their actions at that time.
Lansing's goal was to "treat the subject impersonally and to avoid the petty influences which ought
not to, but so often do, warp individual opinion and a just appraisement of public men." In doing so
Lansing would theoretically offer an impartial view of these characters. His arguments about each of
the people represented in the book are all different and each of Lansing's views has a distinct theme
and purpose; with each person having recognizable strengths and personality traits that Lansing
identifies. So a formal assessment of the book would require me to provide an assessment on each of
the sections of the men represented in the book. The first section of the book discusses the
characteristics and

What Was Decided At The Paris Peace Conference?
Benjamin Barron bb4267@bard.edu Mark Lytle and Richard Aldous
War and Peace
March 4th, 2015
4. Summarize what was decided at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919. What impact did these
decisions have on European politics in the 1920s?
Woodrow Wilson once quoted British author H. G. Wells, deeming World War I "the war to end
war." Stated before the formation of the Treaty of Versailles, this statement could have been
plausible; however, following the Paris Peace Conference in 1919, the improbable nature of
Wilson's optimistic views on World War I became evident. Wilson recognized that the Paris Peace
Conference would likely end in complications while traveling to Versailles for the meeting, stating
his fear that it might end in "'a tragedy of disappointment.'" The conference would continue to host
twenty–seven nations, including over one thousand statesmen in 1,646 sessions to draft reports on
the future of these nations in the hope of creating peace. Entering the Paris Peace Conference, the
predominate powers in the agreement set decisive goals which they aimed to meet with the Treaty of
Versailles; these were determined by primary concerns for the future of each nation. The nations
involved in making the Treaty of Versailles' most important decisions were initially French Prime
Minister Georges Clemenceau, American President Woodrow Wilson, British Prime Minister David
Lloyd George, Italian Prime Minister Vittorio Emanuele Orlando, and Japanese Prime

Paris Peace Conference Wilson's Argumentative Analysis
promote freedom of the seas, break down economic barriers, ensure self–determination for the
oppressed, and form a world organization that would enact systemic security for all nations.
Germany readily accepted the conditions; however, the Allies were unable to overcome the past
atrocities and were more interested in reparations for World War I than promises of future peace.
Fortunately, Wilson formulated the Fourteen Points so that even if one point was implemented it
would contribute to peace efforts.
Prior to and during the Paris Peace Conference Wilson continually demonstrated all Three Elements
of Adaptability. Wilson first employed cognitive flexibility to create a multi–point strategy in which
the conditions were not reliant upon

The Paris Peace Conference Of 1919
Owen McManus
Mrs. Shandera, Mrs. Swartz
English 11 Pd.8, AP History Pd.1
10 February 2017
Creating More Problems The Paris Peace Conference of 1919 opened on the 18th of January, with
delegations from all over the world attending to lay claim to their desires, or gain reparations for
their sacrifices throughout the greatest war the world had ever been subject to. The big four
countries at the negotiating table were the British under Lloyd George, the French led by Georges
Clemenceau, The Italians and their prime minister Vittorio Emanuele Orlando, and The United
States of America under President Woodrow Wilson. Each group had their own ideas for a post–war
world order, and their own tactics for reaching it. The actions of these victorious ... Show more
This leads to the British and French skirting around Wilson's goals, meeting secretly to make
decisions about the post–war world, and to further their own, often imperialistic, prerogatives.
The Treaty of Versailles agreed upon in 1919 set in motion events that would be direct causes of
World War II. According to Robert Cowley, the treaty stripped Germany of many territories,
including Eupen–Malmeacutedy, given to Belgium, Alsace–Lorraine to France, large amounts of
eastern lands to Poland, the Memel region to Lithuania, and most of the Schelswig area of the
Danish peninsula to Denmark. Germany lost all of her overseas colonies as well. It also forced
Germany to limit their army to 100,000 men, and forbade them certain types of weapons common to
modern armies. The worst part of all was that Germany was made to assume all the guilt for the war,
and forced them to pay an amount of war reparations unspecified at first, then set around 33 billion
gold marks(Cowley). "World War One: Treaties" says that the peace terms imposed upon the
defeated countries, Germany, Austria, Hungary, and Bulgaria, seemed to them to be unfair and
unjust punishments.

The Purpose Of The Paris Peace Conference
One of the bloodiest and most devastating wars in history; World War I, was supposed to be the war
to end all wars. Its conclusion was supposed to usher in the new world order, a time of peace and
international prosperity and was hoped to be the last war mankind was to rage. In order to
accomplish this and to determine the design and function of this new world the allies claiming to be
victorious met in Paris in January of 1919, two months after the signing of an armistice by Germany.
The main composites of the conference were hashed out in only six months, marked by the signing
of the Treaty of Versailles on June 28th, after which many important members, including most of the
Counsel of Four, left Paris. The Peace Conference continued on for another six months, hashing out
minor details, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One major thing for me is external factors, the leaders here were responsive to governments and
peoples back whom who were pushing for various things. The heavy propaganda used to demonize
the enemy came back to haunt especially in France where citizens cried for a harsh punishment.
Elections changed the governments of Britain and America mid–conference increased opposition
Wilson and Lloyd George had to face, especially in Wilson's case with Republicans taking control of
Congress. In addition reporters and journalist made life harder by publishing sometimes wrong but
always–controversial articles about what was happening. In my opinion the biggest mistake of the
conference was how important Wilson was. Wilson, more importantly the America he spoke for, was
the main equalizer of the many disagreements that came up, no country wanted to actually offend
America and many made concessions to that point, such as the creation of a league of Nations which
neither Lloyd George or Clemenceau particular wanted but both wanted to maintain good relations
with

League Of Nations Vs Versailles
World War I, was a chaotic turn of events in the history of the United States, and it caused
melancholy across the globe. As a result, world leaders rallied together to create solutions, stop
another war from happening, and eventually find salvation. In analyzing the League of Nations and
Treaty of Versailles, one could see the multiple aspects that can be compared and contrasted. The
League of Nations and the Treaty of Versailles have multiple similarities that compare and
differences that can contrast which includes how both have the same countries and their leaders,
how both wanted to solve international concerns and complications, and how both affect and relate
to our world's society today. First of all, there are many components of ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The similar leaders in each organization managed to form dispositions on how to liquidate the
world's oppression The League of Nations and the Treaty of Versailles have multiple similarities that
compare and differences that can contrast which includes how both have the same countries and
their leaders, how both wanted to solve international concerns and complications, and how both
affect and relate to our world's society

Unit 5 Exam : World War I
Unit 5 Exam: World War 1 Lesson 1: Alliances The unconditional support from alliances can be
blamed to cause World War I. The nature of the alliances is laid out in the alliance document. The
alliances stipulated assistance and contribution of the signing parties in the event of conflict. It can
extend from money or logistic sponsorship, similar to the supply of materials or weapons, to
military activation and a statement about war. Partnerships might likewise contain currency
components, for example, trade agreements, investment or loans. It is best known to cause World
War I. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, European nations formed, abolished, or restructured their
own alliances. By 1914, the Great Powers of Europe split into two opposing alliance blocs. For quite
a long time Europe had been a mixture of ethnic and regional competitions, political interests,
contending desires, military dangers, suspicions and disorder. France and England were antiquated
foes whose competition ejected into open fighting a few times between the fourteenth and mid
nineteenth hundreds of years. Relations between the French and Germans were additionally beset,
while France and Russia likewise had their disparities. The leaders of Austria–Hungary considered
Serbia in charge of Archduke Francis Ferdinand 's demise in a terrorist assault in 1914. Leaders of
Austria–Hungary wanted to rally the people of their vanishing empire going to war against the
minuscule Serbia, trusting a

The Rise Of The Paris Peace Conference
In 1919, the Paris Peace Conference organized by the triumphant leaders of World War I, initiate
reparations and peace treaties amongst the Allied and Associated Powers and the conquered Central
Powers it led to the rise of the treaty of Versailles. The progression of the treaties that were
discussed in the Paris Peace conference, are what formed the new countries and borders that
reshaped the entire map of the world and also resulted in many Empires becoming economically
unstable. The Paris Peace Conference began with the leaders of the Allied Powers and their
contributions were: Wilson's fourteen points, the Treaty of Versailles, reparations, and the Locarno
Pact. Their inability to reach the goals of these treaties led to resentment, and eventually led to the
next World War.
The four dominant voices in the conference were: the Prime Minister of France Clemenceau, the
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Lloyd George, Prime Minister of Italy Orlando, and
President Wilson of the United States, they were also as the "Big Four". As a result of President
Wilson's Fourteen Points speech in January 8, 1918. The speech was intended to give confidence to
the country that World War I was being fought for a moral cause and for postwar peace in Europe.
He stated to consider upon open diplomacy, freedom of navigation, trade, and self–determination.
President Wilson demanded the restoration of the territories that were taken throughout the time of
the war, as well as independence for

The Treaty Of Versailles And Its Effect On The World War I
The Treaty of Versailles
The Treaty of Versailles was a treaty signed between Germany and the Allies which consisted of
Britain, France and America. The idea of the Treaty was to end World War one and Germany would
be too weak to start another war. This meant that there would be peace throughout Europe for a long
time but it was controversial at best. It was signed in the Versailles palace which was large enough
for hundreds of people to be involved in the signing on 28th of June 1919. Germany had almost no
say in what was put into the treaty but they had no choice but to sign it otherwise they would be
invaded by the Allies. "Its 15 parts and 440 articles reassigned German boundaries and assigned
liability for reparations" ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Along with the reduction of men, "Germany was not allowed tanks, submarines or military aircraft
and the navy could only have six battleships" (Mr Hinds' History; what were the main Terms of the
Versailles Treaty 2016). This was created so that Germany would not have the force to declare war
but still had the power to stop communism from getting into Western Europe. Another aspect to the
Treaty of Versailles were the economic terms. These terms stated that Germany had to pay 6.6
billion dollars back to the allies. Germany was not able to pay this amount of money so they had to
borrow money from nearby countries. This meant that Germany fell into huge amounts of debt and
lost their title for second most economically advanced country in the world.
There were two more important Terms for The Treaty of Versailles, they were the General terms and
the territorial terms. There were three important general clauses to the treaty. The first was that
Germany had to take all responsibility for the war, this was called the War Guilt Clause and it was
the term that Germany was the most upset about. The second was that Germany had to pay for all
war damages which was mostly to France and Belgium. The third was that a League of Nations was
set up to keep world peace and Germany was not allowed to join. There were also the territorial
terms of the treaty where Germany had to give up

Essay On Georges Clemenceau
Georges Clemenceau Angelina Natale
Ms. Beck
Honors World Cultures Pd. 8
19 May 2017
Georges Clemenceau also known as the "Tiger" and "Father Victory", served as the French Prime
Minister during World War I. Clemenceau was born September 28, 1841 and died of natural causes
on November 29, 1929. Georges Clemenceau played an important role in World War I because he
made very critical decisions at the Paris Peace Conference, as well as in the Versailles Treaty and
overall led France through harsh times. Georges Benjamin Clemenceau was born in Mouilleron–en–
Pareds, France. His father, Benjamin, who was a political activist, is responsible for shaping
Georges' inclination towards Catholic detest. Benjamin is also responsible for Georges meeting a
group of men who were plotting to overthrow emperor Napoleon III, as well as Jules Michelet, a
historian. In 1861, Georges and Benjamin went to Paris to study medicine. While in Paris, Georges
met a man of the republic opposition. This man created an association named Agis Comme Tu
Penses, which in English means Act As You Think. After Georges met this man, he founded Le
Travail, which was a journal that made his views on politics very clear. This journal ended up
getting him arrested. After he was released, he went to New York City. During his time in the United
States, he began teaching an all girls' school in Stamford, Connecticut. There he met, Mary Plummer
who he later married and had three children with; after seven years

The Political Contributions Of The Treaty Of Versailles
In 1919, the Treaty of Versailles became one of the most important agreements of all times that led
to the end of World War I. The big four dominant leaders were David Lloyd George, George
Clemenceau, Woodrow Wilson, and Vittorio Orlando. They met in France at the Paris peace
conference to end the war between Germany and Allied powers. The four major countries who
joined were Great Britain, France, United States, and Italy. Many for seen changes were about to
occur from disagreements, vengeance, and new organizations. The treaty now only developed
political shifts, but altered history in a way these men never imagined.
The Treaty of Versailles national leaders all had different opinions on how to bring about their ideas
to retain peace and prevent another war. David Lloyd George (1916–1922) who served as a prime
minister for Great Britain wanted nothing more than to teach Germany a lesson. He pushed for an
appropriate punishment that fit their enemy, but without them seeking revenge to prevent another
war from happening. Even though Great Britain faced many economic challenges after the war this
agreement was the key and opportunity to obtain vengeance for their losses. George Clemenceau
(1917–1920) who served as a prime minister of France wanted full retaliation against Germany
because the French were the most who got affected during World War I. They not only wanted
revenge, but compensation for the extensive damages Germany had incurred to their country. The
treaty for

Paris Peace Conference Vs Treaty Of Versailles
During the Paris Peace Conference, there were many different approaches how to create an effective
solution after the conflicts of the war. Georges Clemenceau of France, who had also served during
the French defeat in the Franco–Prussian War, wanted revenge on Germany by humiliating the
country. The actions of the British representative, David Lloyd George, were driven purely by self–
interest, and the Italian representative, Vittorio Orlando, was greedy in his pursuit to acquire
colonies. However, the representative from the United States, President Wilson, sought to create a
plan that would create a fair peace. Wilson felt that it was essential to create a proposal that would
establish a liberal structure of peace to prevent major European powers from engaging in further
conflict over issues such as colonies. The plan that President Wilson designed, called the Fourteen
Points, outlined multiple objectives. First, the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The final plan of the Conference, the Treaty of Versailles, was much different from Wilson's
Fourteen Points. Wilson's plan called for a just peace and prevent future wars, whereas the Treaty of
Versailles called for punishing Germany. The major points of the Treaty included Germany losing
one tenth of its land, Germany having to downsize their army and disband their navy and airforce
altogether, Germany paying reparations that would cripple its economy, and Germany having to
admit that they were the cause of World War I. These points would allow for the rise of fascist
powers in Italy and Germany, eventually leading to the outbreak of World War II. However, one
success of Wilson's plan was Point 14, which led to the creation of the League of Nations, a group of
nations that would meet to prevent conflict and preserve peace. Overall, the Fourteen Points were
not well received at the Paris Peace Conference and would not achieve the success that President
Wilson hoped they

The Pros And Cons Of The League Of Nations
President Woodrow Wilson established America's goal for joining World War I as "making the world
safe for democracy." At the conclusion of the War, President Wilson declared fourteen principles for
peace to be used during the Paris Peace Conference, called the Fourteen Points. The most important
of these points was the final point: a general association of nations with the guarantees of political
and territorial independence and security. As the Peace Conference progressed, more nations ratified
the Treaty of Versailles and joined the League of Nations, the embodiment of President Wilson's
fourteenth point. However, Senate the United States, from President Wilson's own country, did not
ratify the treaty.
President Wilson also believed that "An overwhelming majority of the American people is in favor
of the League of Nations." The American public also had an influence, albeit a minor one, on the ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
From the 9,051,507 independent newspapers in circulation: 3,648,141 favored; 2,955,706 did not
favor, and 2,447,660 were conditional. The conditional option generally referred to changes being
made to the Treaty involving compromises between America and the rest of the World. Of these,
there were 4,957,348 Democratic newspapers in circulation: 4,327,052 supported ratification;
121,912 did not support, and 508,384 were conditional. There were also 6,996,937 Republican
newspapers in circulation: 1,911,256 supported; 1,249,264 did not support, and 3,836,417 were
conditional. From this data, there was no evidence of definite and overwhelming dislike of the
League of Nations, but there was evidence of conflict regarding ratification with or without changes
being made to the

The Paris Peace Conference and the Treaty of Versailles
The damage inflicted on Europe during World War I was dire and left Europe in a state of chaos.
Consequently, post–war peace settlements were complicated, but were necessary in order to end the
period of disorder. World War I concluded on November 1918, when Germany agreed to an
armistice. At the end of the war, European leaders realized that their reasons for initially engaging in
the war had not been worth it. Countries were torn apart, as established dynasties had fallen during
the war and new states were attempting to rise up. In early 1919, a conference was to be held, whose
purpose would be to end the period of disorder. The victors of the war, the Allies, would negotiate
peace settlements and then propose them to the losing ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The German Problem was the overriding issue discussed at the conference, and because there were
decisions to be made about many different matters such as frontiers, reparations, and military
limitations, the countries had contrary ambitions, and were forced to make numerous compromises.
Each country was focused on achieving their own goals.The discussion of frontiers, especially the
German Rhineland, was controversial between the three countries because they each opposed the
ambitions of the others. France had very specific intentions, such as regaining the territory of
Alsace–Lorraine and expanding into territories such as the German Rhineland. However, as France's
size would increase, so would its power, and this went against Britain's goal of establishing a
balance of power in Europe. Wilson believed that the opinions of the people of each territory should
be considered in their decision. The final decision was that France would regain Alsace–Lorraine
and the German Rhineland would become a demilitarized zone, so Germany could no have no
forces there. This compromise satisfied each of the three countries because France desired a buffer
state between itself and Germany, and it would not threaten the British balance of power nor
Wilson's ideas of new diplomacy. This settlement shows that the delegates, despite their opposing
views, were able to reach a compromise. Disagreements between the countries during the
negotiations of reparations caused a large shift in

The Causes Of The Treaty Of Versailles
Introduction On June 28, 1919 the Treaty of Versailles was signed, ceasing World War I. The treaty
left Germany to blame of everything that happened due to the war. Almost no opinion from the
Germans was put in the treaty, therefore it was mostly written by the Allied powers. The Treaty of
Versailles was an attempt of peace, or compromise after the conflict of World War I. It was a fight to
decide what the treaty would consist of and it would be the cause of a new conflict, World War II. In
this case instead of a compromise resolving the conflict, it causes the conflict.
France's economic situation was crushed. A large amount of money was spent to get medical care
for the many wounded people. France's sudden loss of manpower for production and weak
agriculture added to the failure in economy.
So much of the property damage was lost that it cannot be calculated or estimated. Much of the war
was fought in France, so many houses and villages were destroyed. The war destroyed wine
orchards and agricultural areas. Many discarded shells were left on the ground, which stopped use of
the land until it was cleaned up.
French lost about 1,697,800 people and fell behind Germany and England in population. It was truly
devastating because nearly every family lost at least one family member. Around 700 people were
disabled. Children's parents died and eventually there were many orphans.
Great Britain lost around 750,000 soldiers and 1,500,000 were wounded. Nearly 2 million

Woodrow Wilson's 14 Points Essay
The Fourteen Points speech was a statement delivered on January 8, 1918. It was meant to be a
master plan for world peace as well as a basis for peaceful agreements among the countries involved
in World War I. This idea and speech was the brainchild of Woodrow Wilson, who was president at
the time. In this speech, Wilson gave reasons for why the war occurred, and also prescribed
remedies for these certain reasons; he called "for the abolition of secret treaties, a reduction in
armaments, an adjustment in colonial claims in the interests of both native peoples and colonists,
and freedom of the seas" (Wilson's 14 Points). This speech demonstrated the specific ambition of the
United States in the war. The intention behind this speech was to subvert ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
"It reflected his belief that the world was as capable of just and efficient government as were
individual nations–that once the international community accepted certain basic principles of
conduct and constructed modern institutions to implement them, the human race could live in peace"
(Brinkley 571). It was his reluctance to negotiate and compromise that stunted the Fourteen Points
from being a successful influence on the world at the time. Also, what would have resulted out of its
success would be the detriment to America's sovereignty as a country. Wilson was not flexible nor
was he willing to compromise to make his idea work, so he suffered for it. This persuasive speech
was a product of Wilson's ideology for reconciliation and amity among

The Exclusion Of The League Of Nations
To what extent did the exclusion of the United States affect the legitimacy of the League of Nations?
Samantha Martinez
18 December 2015
To what extent did the exclusion of the United States affect the legitimacy of the League of Nations?
Plan of investigation:
In the 1920s in France the League of Nations was created in order to end the first world war and
establish relations between several countries. However, big countries were excluded such as
Germany and the United States. ³ Due to the fact that the United States was far more economically
developed and adapted than other countries of that time, there was a question about the ways in
which the League of Nations would succeed without it. The focus of this research paper is between
1920 and 1930. To answer the question "To what extent did the exclusion of the united states affect
the legitimacy of the league of nations", several websites will be used to give information about the
league of nations ' early years. Any statements or opinions in those websites will be used to evaluate
the legitimacy of the League of Nations. Historical Journals and books will also be used as a higher
level of scholarly sources. To avoid bias, books written from authors of other countries will be
analyzed to understand different perspectives. Websites will be used to keep electronic information
and printed information on the same level.
Summary of evidence:
WHY A LEAGUE OF NATIONS?:
Charles

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