male reproductive anatomy

1. MALE REPRODUCTIVE
ORGANS
QAP10403
Dr. Mohanad r. alwan

3. EXTERNAL GENITALIA

4. Firm, mobile organ
In the scrotum (3°
lower)
Left testis is lower
Surrounded by
tunica albuginea
Testis

5. BackBack
TESTIS - CAPSULE
 visceral layer of
tunica vaginalis
 tunica albuginea
 tunica
vasculosa

6. Dense fibroelastic
conn. tissue
Network of
blood vessels
TESTIS – CAPSULE

7. BackBack
Accumulation of urine & blood
(straddle injury) in the cavity
of tunica vaginalis

8. TESTIS
Lobules
Seminiferous
tubules
Straight tubules
Rete Testis
Efferent Ductules

10. BackBack
TESTIS –PAMPINIFORM PLEXUS
 Venous plexus (posterior border of the testis)
 level of deep inguinal ring – a single testicular veins
 left into left renal vein & right into IVC

12. BLOOD SUPPLY
TESTICULAR
ARTERIES
TESTICULAR
VEINS

13. Lymphatic drainage - testis
 para-aortic lymph nodes
 anastomosis with para-aortic
intrathoracic LN
 cervical LN
TESTIS NECK

17. EPIDIDYMIS
All sperm must pass
through the epididymis
when they leave the
testis and undergo an
important 'maturation'
process that allows
them to swim and
fertilize the egg.

18. What is the epididymis?
Highly coiled tube (or duct) that lies at
the back of the testes
(POSTEROLATERAL)
Connects the seminiferous tubules in
the testis to another single tube called
the vas deferens.

19. Lies posterolateral to
the testis
Head, body, tail
Sinus epididymis -
laterally
(groove between the
testis and
epididymis)
EPIDIDYMIS

21. What is the vas deferens?
• the tube that connects the
epididymis to the urinary
tract (urethra) at the back
of the bladder, via the
ejaculatory duct.
• The main function of the
vas deferens and
ejaculatory duct is to
transport the mature
sperm and seminal fluid
to the urethra.

22. Vas deferens – scrotal portions
• Anatomical
location: scrotal,
inguinal and
reproperitoneal
portions.
• ascends along the
posterior border of
the testis and
medial side of the
epididymis
(posteromedial to
the testis)

23. Vas deferens – inguinal portion
• curves around the
lateral side of the
inferior epigastric
artery
• and ascends for
about 2.5 cm. in
front of the external
iliac artery

24. Vas deferens – pelvic cavity
• Descends on the medial side of the obliterated
umbilical artery and the obturator nerve and vessels

25. VAS DEFERENS

26. VASECTOMY

27. » a tube that is formed by
the joining of the vas
deferens and the duct
of the seminal vesicle.
» empties into the
urethra.

28. Seminal vesicles
Fibromuscular pouches lined with columnar
epithelium
Lie on the posterior aspect of the bladder
Lower end : a duct  joins vas deferens and forms an
ejaculatory duct
Ejaculatory ducts pass through prostatic urethra carrying
seminal fluid and spermatozoa to the urethra
The seminal vesicles secrete and expel a viscous fluid
that helps to keep the spermatozoa alive

30. » main function is to produce a fluid
which protects and enriches sperm.
» Secretions from the prostate
contribute to approximately 40% of
the fluid volume ( SEMEN) of the
ejaculate however the functions of
the substances in the prostatic fluid
are not entirely known.
» a small yet important organ (or
gland) found only in the male
reproductive system.

31. LOCATION OF THE PROSTATE
Urinary
bladder
PROSTATE
Urogenital
diaphragm
* Lies in the lesser
pelvis (pelvic
cavity)
* Surrounds the
prostatic urethra
* Beneath the urinary bladder
and above the urogenital
diaphragm
Fig. : Sagittal
section
Fig. : Posterior view

32. LOBES OF THE PROSTATE
 Anatomically, prostate are divided
into 5 lobes :
1) One anterior lobe
2) One posterior lobe
3) One median or middle lobe
4) Two lateral lobes

33. PROSTATE GLAND
LOBES
• 1 anterior lobe
• 1 posterior lobe
• 1 median lobe
• 2 lateral lobes
Anatomically
divide
Prostatic urethra &
ejaculatory duct

34. CAPSULES OF THE PROSTATE
 Prostate is surrounded by 2 capsules
 They are the true capsule and false capsule
Prostatic urethra
Glands of urethra
Prostatic
sinus
Urethra
crest
Prostatic
venous
plexus
True capsule
False capsule
• Inner layer
• A thin strong
layer of
connective
tissue at the
periphery of
the gland
• Outer layer
• A condensation of
pelvic fascia
• between the 2
capsules
Horizontal section

35. ANOTHER CLASSIFICATION OF THE
PROSTATE
 Prostate consists of:
1) Peripheral zone
2) Central zone
 The glandular tissues is distributed in 3
separated groups:
a) Mucosal glands
b) Submucosal glands
c) Main or principal glands

36. Fig. : Cross section of the prostate
CENTRAL ZONE
PERIPHERAL
ZONE
• account for
25% to 75% of
glandular
tissues
• duct of the
glands mainly
open into
prostatic
sinuses
• surrounded
by peripheral
zone
• duct of the
glands open
into prostatic
sinuses and
colliculus
seminalis
BackBack

37. Mucosal
glands
Submucosal glands
Main/Principal
glands
Fig. : Cross section of the
prostate

38. Mucosal glands
• inner periurethral
glands
• lies in the mucosal
layer of the urethra
• open directly into
the urethra
• situated in the
middle lobe
Fig. : Cross section of the prostate

39. Submucosal glands
• outer periurethral glands
• surrounds the mucosal glands
Fig. : Cross section of the
prostate

40. Main or principal
glands
• lies
peripherally
• constitute the
bulk of the
glands
Fig. : Cross section of the prostate

41. •Site of origin
for carcinoma of
the prostate
• Main glands
•Benign prostatic
hyperplasia
• Mucosal and
submucosal glands
Clinical significance :Clinical significance :
PERIPHERAL
ZONE
CENTRAL
ZONE

42. • The tubuloalveolar glands of the
prostate are formed by a cuboidal
or a columnar pseudostratified
epithelium.
• An exceptionally rich
fibromuscular stroma surrounds the
glands.
• The prostate is surrounded by a
fibroelastic capsule rich in smooth
muscle. Septa from this capsule
penetrate the gland and divide it
into lobes that are indistinct in
adult men.

45. Prostatic urethra - verumontanum
Transurethral resection – verumontanum
(colliculus seminalis) is an important landmark
Most distal landmark of the prostate during TURP
procedure

47. VENOUS DRAINAGE OF THE
PROSTATE
Vesicoprostati
c venous
plexus
• located between the true and false capsules
• run at the groove between bladder and
prostate
Deep dorsal veins of
the penis
Internal iliac vein
(receive)
(drain
backward)

48. The importance of
Denonvilliers’s fascia in
surgery :
• Demarcation line between the prostate
and the rectum
• Prevents the spread of cancer cells
between the prostate and the rectum

49. PENIS
• Male organ of
copulation
• Outlet for urine
and semen

50. PENIS
• male organ through
which the urethra
passes
• and is necessary for
urination and sexual
intercourse.

51. PENIS
• Root
• Body
• Glans Penis
• Anterior –
Dorsal surface
• Posterior –
Ventral surface

52. ROOT OF THE PENIS
• The root is attached
to the abdominal and
pelvic wall.
• Crura – a pair
• Bulb

53. ROOT OF THE
PENIS
• midline
• urogenital diaphragm
• traversed by urethra

54. BODY : 3 ERECTILE CAVERNOUS
TISSUE
2 corpus
cavernosum
1 corpus
spongiosum
tunica albuginea
in buck’s fascia
(superficial fascia)

55. BODY – CROSS SECTION

56. Ischial
tuberosity
Corpus
cavernosum
Corpus
spongiosum
Fig. : A. Penis. B. Cross section through the body of penis BackBack
BODY

58. BODY

59. GLANS
PENIS
 Distal end of the
corpus spongiosum
 2 Corpus
cavernosum do not
reach the glans
 Base – Corona of
Glans
 Neck of penis
Corpus
cavernosum
Corpus
spongiosum

60. GLANS PENIS
• External urethral
meatus
• Prepuce connected to
the glans by the
frenulum
• Prepuce sac
• Prepuce glands
(sebaceous glands)
• Smegma
(carcinogenic)

63. GLANS PENIS
Fossa navicularis –
part of urethra in the
glans penis

64. VENOUS DRAINAGE
• INTERNAL PUDENDAL VEINS
• VESICOPROSTATIC PLEXUS

67. Lymphatic drainage - Penis
 Skin into the medial
group of the superficial
inguinal LN
 Deep structures into
the internal iliac nodes

68. Male Urethra
• A tubular structure which conducts urine from the bladder to the
exterior at the external urinary meatus at the tip of the penis
• In male it is a common pathway for the flow of urine and semen
• Parts
• Internal urethral meatus
• Prostatic urethra
• Membranous urethra – the shortest and narrowest – from the
prostate gland to the bulb of the penis, after passing through the
perineal membrane
• The penile urethra lies in the corpus spongiosum of the penis and
terminates at the external urethral orifice in the glans penis

69. • Two urethral sphincters
• The internal sphincter – smooth
muscle at the neck of the
bladder above the prostate gland
• The external sphincter – striated
muscle fibres surrounding the
membranous part

70. Scrotum
• Outpouching of
the lower part of
the anterior
abdominal wall
• Contains testes,
epididymis, lower
ends of the
spermatic cord

71. •The scrotum is a loose
pouch of skin that
hangs outside the body
from the lower
abdominal region
behind the penis.
•The testes sit inside
the scrotum.
What is the scrotum?

72. SCROTUM
The Testes (two egg-
shaped structures)
remain in the Scrotum,
outside the body, where
the temperature is
about 3 degrees C
Cooler than the body
internal temperature (37
degrees C).
Sperm development in
the Testes Requires the

74. 1. Scrotal skin
2. Superficial or Dartos fascia
3. External spermatid fascia
4. Cremaster muscle & fascia
5. Internal spermatid fascia
6. Parietal layer of tunica vaginalis
7. Visceral layer of tunica vaginalis
8. Tunica albuginea of testis
Fig. : Cross section through scrotum & testis
8 layers covering the testis :
(External oblique apo)
(Internal oblique muscle & fascia)
(Transversalis fascia)
(Peritoneum)
(Peritoneum)

75. Spermatid cord
Contents
- Ductus deferens
- Testicular artery
- Artery of the
ductus deferens
- Cremasteric artery
- Pampiniform
plexus
- Sympathetic nerve
fibres
- Genital branch of
the genitofemoral
nerve
- Lymphatic vessels

76. Lymphatic drainage -scrotum
 Skin and fascia
including the tunica
vaginalis into the
Medial group of the
Superficial inguinal
LN
 Deep structures into
the internal iliac
nodes