This Male reproductive system

1. Male reproductive
system

2. Scrotum
´ The scrotum is a pouch of pigmented skin, fibrous and connective tissue
and smooth muscle.
´ It is divided into two compartments, each of which contains one testis,
one epididymis and testicular end of spermatic cord.
´ It lies below the symphysis publics, in front of upper parts of thighs and
behind the penis.

3. TESTES
´ pair of sperm-producing organs
´ Testes are male reproductive glands and are the equivalent of the ovaries
in female.
´ SIZE: 4.5cm long, 2.5cm wide, 3cm thick.
´ LOCATED: are suspended in scrotum by the spermatic cords.

5. LAYERS OF TISSUE IN TESTES
´ Tunica vagnalis: This is double membrane, forming the outer covering of
the testes and is a downgrowth of the abdominal and pelvic peritoneum.
´ Tunica albuginea: is a fibrous covering beneath the tunica vaginalis from
septa ,did I ding the glandular structure of the testes into lobules.
´ Tunica vasculosa: this consists of a network of capillaries supported by
delicate connective tissue.

6. STRUCTURE OF TESTIS
´ In each testis are 200-300 lobules.
´ within each lobules are1-4 convoluted loops of germinal epithelial
cells called seminiferous tubules.
´ Between the tubules are groups of interstitial cells (of leydig)
´ These leydig cells secrete the hormone Testosterone after puberty.

7. Cont…
Functions of Testes
´ Spermatogenesis: Seminiferous tubules of testes produce
sperms (spermatozoa), gets mature as they pass through
the long and convoluted epididymis where they are stored.
´ Hormones production

8. A SPERMATOZOON

9. SPERMATOZOA
´ A mature sperm has a Head, a body and long whip-like tail .
• HEAD is almost completely filled by the nucleus, containing its
DNA. It also contains the enzymes required to penetrate the outer
layers of the ovum to reach and fuse with, its nucleus.
• BODY of sperm is packed with mitochondria ,to fuel the propelling
action of the tail that powers the sperm along the female
reproductive track.
• TAIL is used for motility.

10. Cont….
´ For successful spermatogenesis take place at a temperature about
3degree Celsius below normal body temperature.
´ The testes are cooled by their position outside the abdominal cavity,
and the thin outer covering of the scrotum has very little insulating
fat.

11. SPERMATIC CORD
´ The spermatic cords suspend the testes in the scrotum.
Each cord contains a testicular artery, testicular veins,
lymphatic, a deferent duct and testicular nerves, which
come together to form the cord from the various
origins in the abdomen.
´ The cord, which is covered with smooth muscle and
connective tissues, extends through the inguinal canal
and is attached to the testis on the posterior wall.

12. BLOOD SUPPLY ,LYMPH DRAINAGE AND
NERVE SUPPLY
´ Arterial supply : The Testicular Artery
´ Venous drainage: The Testicular vein
´ Lymph drainage: through lymph nodes around the aorta
´ Nerve supply: 10th and 11th thoracic nerves

13. SEMINAL VESICLES
´ The seminal vessels are two small
fibromuscular pouches, 5 cm long
lining with columnar epithelium and
lying on the posterior aspect of
bladder.
´ At its lower end it opens into deferent
duct to form an ejaculatory duct.

14. Cont…

15. Cont….
FUNCTIONS OF SEMINAL VESICLES
• Contract and expel their stored content, seminal fluid during
ejaculation.
• Provide medium for the transportation of sperms.
• Produce thick secretion (60% of semen) that contains :
Ø Fructose
Ø Substances that nourish and activate sperm

16. EJACULATORY DUCT
´ Ejaculatory duct. Is a paired structures in
male anatomy.each duct is formed by
union of vas deferens with duct of semi
vesicles.
´ They pass through the prostate, and open
into urethra.
´ Walls of ejaculatory duct are compose of
columnar epithelium.

17. PROSTATE GLAND
´ The prostate is a walnut-size gland located
between the bladder and the penis.
´ Weight is 8 g in youth ,but progressively
enlarges with the age ie. 40g by the age of 50.
´ It is just in front of rectum.

18. Cont….
FUNCTIONS OF PROSTATE
´ The production of a fluid that, together with sperm cells from
the testicles and fluids from other glands, makes up semen.
´ The muscles of the prostate also ensure that the semen is
forcefully pressed into the urethra and then expelled outwards
during ejaculation.

19. URETHRA
´ Male urethra provides a comman pathway for the flow of urine and
semen. It is about 19-20cm long and consists of three parts.
´ The prostatic urethra originates at the urethral orifice of the bladder
and pass through the prostate gland.
´ The membranous urethra is the shortest and narrowest part and
extends from the prostate gland to the bulb of the penis, after
passing through the perineal membrane.
´ The sponginess & penile urethra lie within the corpus spongiosum
of penis and terminates at external urethral orifice in glans penis.

20. Cont..
Urethral sphincters
Internal sphincter External sphincter
Internal sphincter: Is a ring of smooth muscle at the neck of bladder
above the prostate gland.
External sphincter: is a ring of skeleton muscle surrounding the
membranous part.

21. PENIS
´ Penis is main organ for copulation. The penis can
be anatomically divided into three parts:
´ The Root . the most proximal, fixed part of the
penis. It is located in the superficial perineal
pouch of the pelvic floor, and is not visible
externally. The root contains three erectile tissues
(two crura and bulb of the penis), and two
muscles (ischiocavernosus and bulbospongiosus).

22. Cont…
The shaft : The free part of the penis, located
between the root and glans. It is suspended from the
pubic symphysis. It is composed of three cylinders of
erectile tissue – two corpora cavernosa, and the
corpus spongiosum.
• The two lateral column called corpora cavernosa
• The column between them ,containing the urethra
is called corpus spongiosum.

23. Cont…
´ Glans – the most distal part of the of penis. It is conical in shape, and is
formed by the distal expansion of the corpus spongiosum. This contains
the opening of the urethra, termed the external urethral orifice.
´ The erectile tissues fill with blood during sexual arousal, producing
an erection. The root and body of the penis are spanned by three masses
of erectile tissue.

24. Cont…
´ At its tip it is expended into triangular structure known as glans of
penis.
´ Just above the glans the skin is folded upon itself and forms a
moveable double layer known as Foreskin Or Prepuce
´ Arterial supply: deep, dorsal and bulbar arteries
´ Venous supply : internal pudendal & internal iliac veins.

25. Cont…
´ Parasympathetic stimulation leads to filling of sponge erectile tissue
with blood, caused by arteriolar dilatation and vasoconstriction
which increases blood flow to the penis and obstructs the outflow.
´ The penis therefore become engorged and erect, essential for sexual
intercourse.

26. EJACULATION
´ The semen is propelled by powerful
rhythmical contraction of smooth muscle
in the walls of deferent duct; the muscular
contractions are sympathetically
mediated.
´ Muscles in the walls of seminal vesicles
and prostate gland also contracts, adding
their contents to the fluid passing through
the genital ducts.

27. Cont…
´ The force generated by these combined processes leads to emission
of the semen through the external urethral sphincter.
´ If sperms are not ejaculated ,it gradually lose their fertility after
several months and are reabsorbed by the epididymis.