29. Qualitative
• Direct: Atrophy (Decreased Size) and abnormal signal.
• Indirect: Loss of internal architecture, loss of hippocampal head
interdigitations, atrophy of ipsilateral mammilary body and fornix,
dilatation of the ipsilateral temporal horn, volume loss of the
temporal lobe, atrophy of the collateral white matter between the
hippocampus and collateral sulcus and dilatation of the “crab’s
claw” of the Perihippocampal Fissures.
48. Focal developmental anomalies of cortical structureFocal developmental anomalies of cortical structure
characterized histologically by cortical dyslaminationcharacterized histologically by cortical dyslamination
and the presence of abnormal giant neurons throughoutand the presence of abnormal giant neurons throughout
the affected cortex and adjacent white matter,the affected cortex and adjacent white matter,
accompanied in many cases by grotesquely shapedaccompanied in many cases by grotesquely shaped
balloon cells of uncertain lineage.balloon cells of uncertain lineage.
49. 1.1. Disorganization of cortical layers.Disorganization of cortical layers.
2.2. Heterotpoic cortical cell within the adjacent whiteHeterotpoic cortical cell within the adjacent white
matter.matter.
3.3. Myelination defects in the related nerve fibres.Myelination defects in the related nerve fibres.
50. Classification
Classification Characteristics
• Architectural dysplasia oHeterotopic neurons in white matter
oDerangement of cortical lamination
• Cytoarchitectural dysplasia oHeterotopic neurons in white matter
oDerangement of cortical lamination
oGiant neurons
• Taylor’s FCD
Without balloon cells oHeterotopic neurons in white matter
oDerangement of cortical lamination
oGiant neurons
oDysmorphic neurons
With balloon cells oHeterotopic neurons in white matter
oDerangement of cortical lamination
oGiant neurons
oDysmorphic neurons
oBalloon cells