2. GREEN ENERGY
• It is energy resources
that are renewable
• Can be naturally
replenished
• Clean, Safe and not
harmful to the
environment
3. RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES
• Radiant solar energy
–Solar heating (passive and active), solar
power plants, photovoltaic cells
• Biomass energy
–Direct: combustion of biomass
–Indirect: chemical conversion to bio fuel
• Wind energy
• Hydro energy
• Geothermal energy
–Power plants, direct use, heat pumps
4. SOLAR ENERGY
• Solar energy is, simply the light
and heat that comes from the sun.
• Solar energy can be harnessed in
different ways:
• Photovoltaic cells,
• Solar thermal technology,
• Passive solar heating
5.
6.
7. • The heart of a solar thermal system is a
`solar collector'.
• It's main function is to collect solar thermal
energy and transfer it to the fluid to be
heated.
• Types of Solar collector:
1. Flat plate collector
2. Evacuated tube collector
3. CPC collector (stationary concentrator)
4. Parabolic trough concentrator
8.
9. ADVANTAGES
• Renewable and free
• High energy yield
• A very clean source of energy
• No air/water pollution during
operation
• Low operating costs
• Will pay for themselves over time
• Needs no fuel for production
10. WIND ENERGY
• The sun’s energy falling on the earth produces large-
scale motions of the atmosphere causing winds
• It is also influenced by small scale flows caused by
local conditions such as nature of terrain, buildings,
water bodies, etc.
• One of the prominent power generation technology
amongst the renewable energy technologies.
• Horizontal axis wind turbines are most commonly
used for power generation, although some vertical
axis wind turbine designs has been developed and
tested.
13. ADVANTAGES
– High net energy yield
– Renewable and free
– Very clean source of energy
• No pollution (air or water) during operation
– Long operating life
– Low operating/maintenance costs
– Can be quickly built
– Now almost competitive with hydro and
fossil fuels
– Land can be used for other purposes
• Can combine wind and agricultural farms
14. HYDRO ENERGY
• It is the first renewable energy source to be tapped
essentially to produce electricity.
• Hydro power currently suffices one fifth of the
global electricity supply.
• The basics of power from water is the result of
conversion of potential energy to kinetic
energy which is transferred to the buckets in
the turbine (mechanical energy).
• It is the prime mover for the generator (electrical
energy) which produces electricity.
15. HYDRO ENERGY TECHNOLOGY
• The energy from moving water can be used to
create electricity in several different ways:
• A hydroelectric dam : captures energy from
the movement of a river.
• Wave power : captures energy from waves on
the surface of the ocean using a special buoy or
other floating device.
• Tidal power captures the energy of flowing
waters with the help of turbines as tides rush in
and out of coastal areas.
18. ADVANTAGES
– Cheap to operate
• Long life and lower operating costs than all other
power plants
– Renewable
– High yield
• Lower energy cost than any other method
– Pretty plentiful
• Some countries depend almost entirely on it
– Not intermittent
– Reservoirs have multiple uses
• Flood Control, drinking water, aquaculture, recreation
– Less air pollution than fossil fuel combustion
19. GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• Geothermal energy is the natural heat of the earth.
• Earth's interior heat originated from its fiery
consolidation of dust and gas over 4 billion years ago.
• It is continually regenerated by the decay of radioactive
elements, that occur in all rocks.
• The temperature increases with the increase of depth - in
the Earth's crust is 17 °C -- 30 °C per km of depth.
• Below the crust is the mantle, made of highly viscous,
partially molten rocks with temperatures between 650 °C -
- 1250 °C .
• At the Earth's core, which consists of a liquid outer core
and a solid inner core, temperatures vary from 4000 °C --
7000 °C
20. GEOTHERMAL ENERGY TECHNOLOGY
• Geothermal power plants, which use
heat from deep inside the Earth to
generate steam to make electricity.
• Geothermal heat pumps, which tap
into heat close to the Earth's surface to
heat water or provide heat for
buildings.
23. Geothermal
provinces in India :
The Himalayas,
Sohana,
West Coast,
Cambay,
Son-Narmada-Tapi
(SONATA),
Godavari and
Mahanadi.
24. ADVANTAGES
• It is a renewable source of energy.
• By far, it is non-polluting and environment friendly.
• There is no wastage or generation of by-products.
• Can be used directly.
• Maintenance cost of geothermal power plants is very
less.
• GPP don't occupy too much space and thus help in
protecting natural environment.
• Unlike solar energy, it is not dependent on the
weather conditions.
25. • Biomass energy is the use of living and recently dead
biological material as an energy source
• Ultimately dependent on the capture of solar energy
and conversion to a chemical (carbohydrate) fuel
• Theoretically it is a carbon neutral and renewable
source of energy
• Estimates have indicated that 15% - 50% of the
world’s primary energy use could come from
biomass by the year 2050.
• Currently, about 11% of the world’s primary energy is
estimated to be met with biomass.
BIOMASS ENERGY
26. BIOMASS GASIFICATION
• Biomass gasification is the process through which solid
biomass material is subjected to partial combustion in
the presence of a limited supply of air.
• In a gasifier, solid fuel is converted by a series of
thermo-chemical processes like drying, pyrolysis
, oxidation, and reduction to a gaseous fuel
called producer gas.
• The ultimate product is a combustible gas mixture
known as producer gas.
• If atmospheric air is used as the gasification agent,
which is the normal practice, the producer gas consists
mainly of CO, H2, N2
27. BIOMASS GASIFIER BASED SYSTEMS
• Major applications:
• i) Mechanical shaft power applications : the gas
is used as fuel for internal combustion engine
running on dual fuel or 100% producer gas
mode.
• ii) Direct heat applications : it is burnt directly
in a boiler, furnace or kiln, burner for
institutional cooking, etc., to provide heat.
• iii) Electricity generation through shaft power
application viz., (engine coupled to an
alternator/generator set).
28. ADVANTAGES
1. No Harmful Emissions
2. Clean Energy
3. Abundant and Renewable
4. Reduce Dependency on Fossil Fuels
5. Reduce Landfills
6. Can be Used to Create Different Products
7. No Fuel Needed
8. Smallest Land Footprint
30. • Fossil Fuels
– Steam Reforming of Natural Gas
• Combination of methane and steam produces
hydrogen gas .
• Most economical; main current method
– Partial Oxidation (POX) of Hydrocarbons
• HC partially oxidized to produce hydrogen and
carbon monoxide
– Coal Gasification
• Can also be used to get hydrogen from biomass
• Electrolysis, Photolysis and thermolysis
HYDROGEN PRODUCTION
31. ADVANTAGES
1. Renewable and Abundant
2. Clean Energy Fuel
3. Non-Toxic
4. More Powerful Than Fossil Fuels
5. Fuel Efficiency
32. HYGROGEN ECONOMY
• Definition
• Hydrogen Economy is a hypothetical large-scale
system in which elemental hydrogen (H2) is the
primary form of energy storage
• Fuel cells would be the primary method of conversion
of hydrogen to electrical energy.
• Efficient and clean; scalable
• In particular, hydrogen (usually) plays a central role in
transportation.
• Potential Advantages
• Clean, renewable
• Reliable
33. GO GREEN
• The sun, wind , geothermal, ocean energy are
available in the abundant quantity and free to
use.
• The non-renewable sources of energy that we
are using are limited and are bound to expire
one day.
• Renewable sources have low carbon emissions,
therefore they are considered as green and
environment friendly.
• It helps in stimulating the economy and
creating job opportunities.
34. • We don’t have to rely on any third country for
the supply of renewable sources as in case of
non-renewable sources.
• Renewable sources can cost less than
consuming the local electrical supply. In the
long run, the prices of electricity are expected
to soar since they are based on the prices of
crude oil, so renewable sources can cut your
electricity bills.
• Various tax incentives in the form of tax
waivers, credit deductions are available for
individuals and businesses who want to go
green.
35. REFERENCES
• Conserve Energy Future
http://www.conserve-energy-future.com/
• Centre for Science and Environment
http://cseindia.org/
• India Energy Portal
http://www.indiaenergyportal.org/index.php
• Tata Energy Research Institute
http://edugreen.teri.res.in/explore/renew/renew.htm
• USEPA Student’s guide to climate change
http://epa.gov/climatestudents/index.html
• US Nation wide Education
www.NationwideEducation.co.uk
