درس سیستم های اطلاعات مدیریت

1. ‫ﻋﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﻧﺼﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ‬1393

2. ‫ﺍﻱ‬‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ‬‫ﺍﺯ‬‫ﺍﺟﺰﺍء‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﻫﻢ‬،‫ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ‬‫ﺑﺎ‬‫ﻣﺮﺯ‬‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬،‫ﺷﺪﻩ‬‫ﻛﻪ‬‫ﺑﺎ‬‫ﻫﻢ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬‫ﺩﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﺍﻱ‬‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ‬‫ﺍﺯ‬‫ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻑ‬‫ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻙ‬‫ﺑﺎ‬‫ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺵ‬
‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ‬‫ﺩﺭ‬‫ﻳﻚ‬‫ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ‬‫ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ‬‫ﺩﻫﻲ‬‫ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ‬
،‫ﺷﺪﻩ‬‫ﻛﺎﺭ‬‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬.

3. ‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺩﺭ‬‫ﺑﺮ‬‫ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪﻩ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﺩﺳﺖ‬‫ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﻣﻮﻧﺘﺎژ‬‫ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮﻱ‬‫ﺍﺳﺖ‬‫ﻛﻪ‬‫ﻭﺍﺭﺩ‬‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬
‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬‫ﺗﺎ‬‫ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵ‬‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬.‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩ‬،‫ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ‬،‫ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ‬‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬.
‫ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ‬‫ﺍﺳﺖ‬‫ﺍﺯ‬‫ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ‬‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ‬‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬‫ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎﻱ‬
،‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬‫ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ‬‫ﺗﻨﻔﺲ‬،‫ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬‫ﻳﺎ‬‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ‬‫ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻲ‬.
‫ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ‬‫ﺍﻱ‬‫ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ‬‫ﻛﻪ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ‬‫ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ‬‫ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﻫﺪﻑ‬،‫ﺷﺎﻥ‬‫ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬‫ﺍﻧﺪ‬‫ﺷﺪﻩ‬.

4. ‫ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ‬‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬‫ﺑﺎ‬‫ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ‬‫ﻛﺮﺩﻥ‬‫ﺩﻭ‬‫ﻋﻨﺼﺮ‬‫ﻣﻔﻴﺪﺗﺮ‬‫ﺷﻮﺩ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬:‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ‬
‫ﻭ‬‫ﺑﺎﺯﺧﻮﺭﺩ‬.
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻲ‬‫ﺑﺎ‬‫ﺍﻳﻦ‬‫ﺩﻭ‬‫ﻛﺎﺭﻛﺮﺩ‬‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬‫ﺳﺎﻳﺒﺮﻧﺘﻴﻚ‬‫ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺷﻮﺩ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬‫ﻛﻪ‬‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻲ‬‫ﺍﺳﺖ‬‫ﺧﻮﺩ‬‫ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺏ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺧﻮﺩ‬‫ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ‬.
‫ﺑﺎﺯﺧﻮﺭﺩ‬‫ﻫﺎﻳﻲ‬‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬‫ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩ‬‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ‬‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬.
‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ‬‫ﺩﺭﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪﻩ‬‫ﻧﻈﺎﺭﺕ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ‬‫ﺑﺎﺯﺧﻮﺭﺩ‬‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬‫ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ‬‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬
‫ﺩﺭ‬‫ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎﻱ‬‫ﺩﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻓﺶ‬‫ﺣﺮﻛﺖ‬‫ﻛﻨﺪ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬.
‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬‫ﺑﺪﻥ‬‫ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬‫ﻛﻪ‬‫ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ‬‫ﺍﺯ‬‫ﻛﺎﺭ‬‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﺧﻮﺩ‬‫ﺭﺍ‬‫ﺑﺮ‬‫ﺍﺳﺎﺱ‬‫ﺑﺎﺯﺧﻮﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﺯ‬‫ﻣﺤﻴﻂ‬‫ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬‫ﻛﻨﺪ‬.

5. ‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬‫ﺩﺭ‬‫ﺧﻼء‬‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬،‫ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‬‫ﺑﻠﻜﻪ‬‫ﺩﺭ‬‫ﻳﻚ‬‫ﻣﺤﻴﻂ‬‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬‫ﻭ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻴﻂ‬‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ‬‫ﺭﺍ‬‫ﻫﻢ‬‫ﺩﺭ‬‫ﺑﺮ‬‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬.
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻲ‬‫ﻛﻪ‬‫ﻳﻜﻲ‬‫ﺍﺯ‬‫ﺍﺟﺰﺍء‬‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬‫ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮ‬،‫ﺍﺳﺖ‬‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬‫ﺯﻳﺮ‬
‫ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ‬‫ﺷﻮﺩ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬‫ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮ‬‫ﻣﺤﻴﻂ‬‫ﺁﻥ‬‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬‫ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬‫ﺷﻮﺩ‬.
‫ﻣﻤﻜﻦ‬‫ﺍﺳﺖ‬‫ﭼﻨﺪ‬‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬‫ﻣﺤﻴﻂ‬‫ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻛﻲ‬‫ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ‬‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬.‫ﻫﺮﻳﻚ‬‫ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ‬‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬‫ﻣﻤﻜﻦ‬‫ﺍﺳﺖ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﻫﻢ‬‫ﻣﺘﺼﻞ‬‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬.
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻲ‬‫ﻛﻪ‬‫ﺑﺎ‬‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‬‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬‫ﺩﺭ‬‫ﻣﺤﻴﻄﺶ‬‫ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺯ‬‫ﻧﺎﻡ‬‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬.
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻲ‬‫ﻛﻪ‬‫ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﻳﻲ‬‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ‬‫ﺧﻮﺩﺵ‬‫ﻳﺎ‬‫ﻣﺤﻴﻄﺶ‬‫ﺭﺍ‬‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬‫ﺑﻘﺎء‬‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬‫ﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭ‬‫ﻧﺎﻡ‬‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬.

7. ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬‫ﺯﻳﺮ‬‫ﻣﺪﻝ‬‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬‫ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ‬‫ﺭﺍ‬‫ﻧﺸﺎﻥ‬‫ﺩﻫﺪ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬.
‫ﻳﻚ‬‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬‫ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬‫ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ‬)‫ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ‬‫ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ‬‫ﻭ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﻴﻦ‬‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬‫ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ‬(،‫ﺳﺨﺖ‬‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ‬)‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺭﺳﺎﻧﻪ‬(،‫ﻧﺮﻡ‬‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ‬)‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﺭﻭﻳﻪ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬(،‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬)‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﭘﺎﻳﮕﺎﻩ‬‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻧﺶ‬(،‫ﻭ‬‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﺷﺒﻜﻪ‬)‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﺭﺳﺎﻧﻪ‬‫ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﻲ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﭘﺸﺘﻴﺒﺎﻧﻲ‬‫ﺷﺒﻜﻪ‬(
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ‬‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ‬،‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ‬،‫ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵ‬،‫ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ‬،‫ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩ‬‫ﻭ‬
‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ‬‫ﻛﻪ‬‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬‫ﺭﺍ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ‬‫ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ‬‫ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬‫ﻛﻨﺪ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺑﺴﺘﻪ‬‫ﺍﺳﺖ‬.

9. ‫ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺳﺨﺖ‬‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻧﺮﻡ‬‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺷﺒﻜﻪ‬

10. ‫ﻋﻨﺼﺮ‬‫ﺍﺻﻠﻲ‬‫ﺩﺭ‬‫ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ‬‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ‬‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬‫ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺍﻥ‬‫ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ‬:‫ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩﻱ‬‫ﻛﻪ‬‫ﺍﺯ‬‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬‫ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ‬‫ﻳﺎ‬‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ‬‫ﺁﻥ‬‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‬.
▪‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ‬‫ﺍﺯ‬،‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻱ‬،‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﻓﺮﻭﺷﻨﺪﻩ‬،‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﻦ‬،‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﻣﻨﺸﻲ‬،‫ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺪﺍﺭﺍﻥ‬‫ﻳﺎ‬‫ﻣﺪﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬‫ﻛﻪ‬‫ﺩﺭ‬‫ﻫﻤﻪ‬
‫ﺳﻄﻮﺡ‬‫ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ‬‫ﭘﺨﺶ‬‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬.‫ﺩﺭ‬‫ﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺍﻥ‬‫ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ‬‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬‫ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﻳﺖ‬‫ﻫﺴﺘﻴﻢ‬.
‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬‫ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺍﻥ‬‫ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ‬‫ﺩﺭ‬‫ﻛﺎﺭ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﻛﺴﺐ‬‫ﻛﺎﺭﻛﻨﺎﻥ‬‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻲ‬‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ؛‬‫ﻛﺴﺎﻧﻲ‬‫ﻛﻪ‬‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬‫ﻭﻗﺖ‬‫ﺧﻮﺩ‬‫ﺭﺍ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﻱ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎﺕ‬‫ﺗﻴﻤﻲ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﮔﺮﻭﻫﻲ‬‫ﺳﭙﺮﻱ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‬‫ﺗﺎ‬‫ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ‬‫ﺭﺍ‬‫ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ‬،‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‬‫ﺍﺯ‬‫ﺁﻥ‬‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬
،‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺁﻧﺮﺍ‬‫ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ‬‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‬.
‫ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﻴﻦ‬‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬‫ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ‬:‫ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩﻱ‬‫ﻛﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬‫ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ‬‫ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ‬‫ﺭﺍﻩ‬‫ﻛﺮﺩﻩ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ‬‫ﺩﻫﻨﺪ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬.
▪‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ‬‫ﺍﺯ‬:‫ﮔﺮﺍﻥ‬‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬،‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ‬‫ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ‬،‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ‬‫ﻧﺮﻡ‬‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯ‬‫ﺭﺍﻩ‬،‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭﻛﻨﺎﻥ‬،‫ﺩﻓﺘﺮﻱ‬‫ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺘﻲ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﻓﻨﻲ‬‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬‫ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ‬.‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﻃﻮﺭ‬،‫ﺧﻼﺻﻪ‬‫ﮔﺮﺍﻥ‬‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬
‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬‫ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ‬‫ﺭﺍ‬‫ﺑﺮ‬‫ﺍﺳﺎﺱ‬‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻣﻨﺪﻱ‬‫ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ‬‫ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺍﻥ‬‫ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ‬‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‬،‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ‬‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ‬‫ﻧﺮﻡ‬‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬‫ﺍﻱ‬‫ﺭﺍﻳﺎﻧﻪ‬‫ﺭﺍ‬‫ﺑﺮ‬‫ﺍﺳﺎﺱ‬‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺗﻲ‬‫ﻛﻪ‬‫ﮔﺮﺍﻥ‬‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬
‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬‫ﺍﻧﺪ‬‫ﻛﺮﺩﻩ‬‫ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ‬،‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯ‬‫ﺭﺍﻩ‬‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﻧﻈﺎﺭﺕ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ‬‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﺷﺒﻜﻪ‬‫ﻭ‬
‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬‫ﺍﻱ‬‫ﺭﺍﻳﺎﻧﻪ‬‫ﺑﺰﺭگ‬‫ﻛﻤﻚ‬‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬.

11. ‫ﻫﻤﻪ‬‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ‬‫ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ‬‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬‫ﺩﺭ‬‫ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵ‬
‫ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ‬.
‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬‫ﺍﻱ‬‫ﺭﺍﻳﺎﻧﻪ‬:‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵ‬‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻱ‬‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬،‫ﺗﺎپ‬‫ﻟﭗ‬
،‫ﺗﺒﻠﺖ‬‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬‫ﺍﻱ‬‫ﺭﺍﻳﺎﻧﻪ‬‫ﺭﻭﻣﻴﺰﻱ‬‫ﻭ‬...‫ﻭ‬‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ‬‫ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ‬‫ﻣﺘﺼﻞ‬
‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﻫﻢ‬‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬،‫ﭘﺮﻳﻨﺘﺮﻫﺎ‬،‫ﺍﺳﻜﻨﺮﻫﺎ‬‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺸﮕﺮﻫﺎ‬‫ﻭ‬...
‫ﻟﻮﺍﺯﻡ‬‫ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ‬‫ﺭﺍﻳﺎﻧﻪ‬:‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬،‫ﻛﻠﻴﺪ‬‫ﻣﺎﻭﺱ‬‫ﻭ‬...

12. ‫ﺩﺭﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪﻩ‬‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬‫ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵ‬‫ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ‬.‫ﺍﻳﻦ‬‫ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ‬‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬‫ﺗﻨﻬﺎ‬‫ﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬‫ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ‬‫ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ‬‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ‬‫ﺳﺨﺖ‬‫ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ‬)‫ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬-program‫ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ‬‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬(‫ﺭﺍ‬‫ﺩﺭ‬‫ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬‫ﺑﻠﻜﻪ‬‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ‬
‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬‫ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵ‬‫ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ‬‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬‫ﻧﻴﺎﺯ‬‫ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ‬‫ﻛﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﺭﻭﻳﻪ‬‫ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ‬‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬‫ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﻫﻢ‬‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬‫ﺷﻮﺩ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬.‫ﺩﺭﻙ‬‫ﺍﻳﻦ‬‫ﻧﻜﺘﻪ‬‫ﻣﻬﻢ‬‫ﺍﺳﺖ‬‫ﻛﻪ‬‫ﺣﺘﻲ‬‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬‫ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ‬‫ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺍﺯ‬‫ﺭﺍﻳﺎﻧﻪ‬‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬‫ﻧﻤﻲ‬‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‬‫ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ‬‫ﺍﻱ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﻧﺎﻡ‬‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ‬‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ‬‫ﻧﺮﻡ‬‫ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‬.
‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ‬‫ﻧﺮﻡ‬‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻲ‬:
▪‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬‫ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ‬،‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬‫ﻛﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬‫ﺭﺍﻳﺎﻧﻪ‬‫ﺭﺍ‬‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﭘﺸﺘﻴﺒﺎﻧﻲ‬‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬.‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻳﻜﺮﻭﺳﺎﻓﺖ‬‫ﻭﻳﻨﺪﻭﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ‬‫ﻧﺮﻡ‬‫ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻱ‬:
▪‫ﻫﺎﻳﻲ‬‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬‫ﻛﻪ‬‫ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵ‬‫ﺭﺍ‬‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬‫ﻳﻚ‬‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬‫ﺧﺎﺹ‬‫ﺍﺯ‬‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﺭﺍﻳﺎﻧﻪ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ‬‫ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺍﻥ‬‫ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ‬‫ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ‬‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬.
‫ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬،‫ﻓﺮﻭﺵ‬‫ﻟﻴﺴﺖ‬،‫ﺣﻘﻮﻕ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵ‬‫ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ‬)Word(
‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﺭﻭﻳﻪ‬:
▪‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬‫ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ‬‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬‫ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩﻱ‬‫ﻛﻪ‬‫ﺍﺯ‬‫ﻳﻚ‬‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬‫ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ‬‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬‫ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ‬‫ﻛﺮﺩ‬.‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬
‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬‫ﭘﺮ‬‫ﻛﺮﺩﻥ‬‫ﻳﻚ‬‫ﻓﺮﻡ‬‫ﻳﺎ‬‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬‫ﺍﺯ‬‫ﺑﺴﺘﻪ‬‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻱ‬‫ﻧﺮﻡ‬.

13. ‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩ‬‫ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬،‫ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ‬‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬.‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬‫ﺧﻮﻥ‬‫ﺟﺎﺭﻱ‬‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺪ‬‫ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻱ‬،‫ﻭ‬‫ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ‬‫ﺍﺛﺮﺑﺨﺶ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﻛﺎﺭﺍﻱ‬‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬‫ﺟﺰء‬‫ﻧﺎﭘﺬﻳﺮ‬‫ﺟﺪﺍﻳﻲ‬‫ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﮋﻱ‬‫ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ‬‫ﺍﺳﺖ‬.‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺍﺷﻜﺎﻝ‬‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻲ‬،‫ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‬‫ﺍﺯ‬‫ﻗﺒﻴﻞ‬‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬‫ﺳﻨﺘﻲ‬‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬،‫ﺍﻋﺪﺍﺩ‬،‫ﺣﺮﻭﻑ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‬‫ﻛﺎﺭﺍﻛﺘﺮﻫﺎﻳﻲ‬‫ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻨﺶ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‬‫ﺭﻭﻳﺪﺍﺩﻫﺎ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩﻳﺖ‬‫ﻭﻛﺎﺭ‬‫ﻛﺴﺐ‬‫ﺭﺍ‬‫ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ‬‫ﺩﻫﻨﺪ؛‬‫ﻣﻲ‬‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬‫ﻣﺘﻨﻲ‬،
‫ﺩﺭﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪﻩ‬‫ﺟﻤﻼﺕ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﭘﺎﺭﺍﮔﺮﺍﻑ‬‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬‫ﺩﺭ‬‫ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎﺕ‬‫ﻣﻜﺘﻮﺏ؛‬‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬‫ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﻱ‬،‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬‫ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻴﻜﻲ‬‫ﻳﺎ‬‫ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ‬‫ﻭﻳﺪﻳﻮﻳﻲ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﻋﻜﺎﺳﻲ؛‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬‫ﺻﻮﺗﻲ‬‫ﺍﺯ‬‫ﻗﺒﻴﻞ‬‫ﺻﺪﺍﻱ‬‫ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻭ‬‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‬‫ﺻﺪﺍﻫﺎ‬.‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬‫ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ‬‫ﻧﻮﻋﺎ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ‬‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ‬،‫ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻧﺪﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺩﺭ‬‫ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺱ‬‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬‫ﺍﻧﺪ‬‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬:
‫ﭘﺎﻳﮕﺎﻩ‬‫ﻫﺎﻳﻲ‬‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬‫ﻛﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬‫ﺷﺪﻩ‬‫ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ‬‫ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ‬‫ﺭﺍ‬‫ﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬‫ﻧﮕﻪ‬‫ﻛﻨﺪ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬.
‫ﭘﺎﻳﮕﺎﻩ‬‫ﺩﺍﻧﺶ‬‫ﻛﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬‫ﺩﺍﻧﺶ‬‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬،‫ﺣﻘﺎﻳﻖ‬‫ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‬‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩﻱ‬‫ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩ‬‫ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺏ‬‫ﻣﻮﻓﻖ‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﺭ‬‫ﻛﺴﺐ‬.
‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬‫ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ‬‫ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ‬.‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬‫ﺣﻘﺎﻳﻖ‬‫ﻳﺎ‬‫ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﺍﺕ‬‫ﺧﺎﻣﻲ‬‫ﺍﺳﺖ‬‫ﻛﻪ‬‫ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩ‬‫ﺍﻱ‬‫ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ‬‫ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ‬‫ﻳﺎ‬‫ﺗﺮﻛﻨﺶ‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﺭ‬‫ﻛﺴﺐ‬‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬.‫ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ‬‫ﻫﺎﻳﻲ‬‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬‫ﻛﻪ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﻳﻚ‬‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬‫ﺩﺍﺭ‬‫ﻣﻌﻨﻲ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬‫ﺍﻱ‬‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ‬‫ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ‬‫ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺺ‬‫ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ‬‫ﺷﺪﻩ‬‫ﺍﺳﺖ‬.‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ‬‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬‫ﺩﺭ‬‫ﻳﻚ‬‫ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ‬‫ﺍﺭﺯﺵ‬‫ﺍﻱ‬‫ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻩ‬‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬‫ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫ﻛﻪ‬‫ﻃﻲ‬‫ﺁﻥ‬)1(‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬،‫ﺁﻭﺭﻱ‬‫ﺟﻤﻊ‬‫ﺩﺳﺘﻜﺎﺭﻱ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺩﻫﻲ‬‫ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ‬‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ؛‬‫ﻣﻲ‬)2(‫ﻣﺤﺘﻮﺍﻱ‬‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬‫ﻭﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬‫ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ‬
‫ﻭ‬‫ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ‬‫ﺷﻮﺩ؛‬‫ﻣﻲ‬‫ﻭ‬)3(‫ﺩﺭ‬‫ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ‬‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ‬‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬‫ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬‫ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬.‫ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ‬،‫ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ‬‫ﻛﻠﻴﺪ‬
‫ﺩﺭﻙ‬‫ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ‬‫ﺑﻴﻦ‬‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﺳﺖ‬.‫ﻣﺜﻼ‬‫ﻟﻴﺴﺘﻲ‬‫ﺍﺯ‬‫ﺍﺳﺎﻣﻲ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ‬‫ﻛﻪ‬‫ﺑﺪﻭﻥ‬‫ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ‬‫ﻫﻴﭻ‬
‫ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺩﺭﻛﻲ‬‫ﺭﺍ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ‬‫ﻛﻨﺪ‬‫ﻧﻤﻲ‬.

14. ‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﺷﺒﻜﻪ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ‬‫ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎﺗﻲ‬‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬،‫ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ‬،‫ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﺍﻧﺖ‬‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻛﺴﺘﺮﺍﻧﺖ‬‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﻣﻮﻓﻖ‬‫ﻭﻛﺎﺭ‬‫ﻛﺴﺐ‬‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻚ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻚ‬‫ﺩﺭ‬‫ﻫﻤﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬‫ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ‬‫ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲ‬‫ﺑﺮ‬
‫ﺭﺍﻳﺎﻧﻪ‬‫ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬‫ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻲ‬‫ﺍﺳﺖ‬.
‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﺭﺳﺎﻧﻪ‬‫ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﻲ‬.‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﻛﺎﺑﻞ‬‫ﻓﻴﺒﺮﻧﻮﺭﻱ‬‫ﻭ‬،‫ﻛﻮﺍﻛﺴﻴﺎﻝ‬،‫ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﻭﻳﻮ‬
‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‬،‫ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ‬‫ﺑﺪﻭﻥ‬‫ﺳﻴﻢ‬‫ﺍﻱ‬‫ﻣﺎﻫﻮﺍﺭﻩ‬.
‫ﺯﻳﺮﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬‫ﺷﺒﻜﻪ‬.،‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ‬‫ﺳﺨﺖ‬‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ‬‫ﻧﺮﻡ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ‬‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬‫ﻧﻴﺎﺯ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬‫ﭘﺸﺘﻴﺒﺎﻧﻲ‬‫ﺍﺯ‬‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬‫ﺍﺯ‬‫ﻳﻚ‬‫ﺷﺒﻜﻪ‬‫ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﻲ‬.‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬
،‫ﻣﻮﺩﻡ‬‫ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺷﮕﺮﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﺑﻴﻦ‬،‫ﺍﻱ‬‫ﺭﺍﻳﺎﻧﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺷﺒﻜﻪ‬‫ﻭ‬
‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﺑﺴﺘﻪ‬‫ﻣﺮﻭﺭﮔﺮ‬‫ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ‬.

15. ‫ﺑﺪﻭﻥ‬‫ﺩﺭ‬‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ‬‫ﻧﻮﻉ‬‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬،‫ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ‬‫ﺍﺳﺎﺱ‬
‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ‬‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬‫ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ‬‫ﺍﻧﺪ‬‫ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ‬.
‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩ‬‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬
‫ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵ‬‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺧﺮﻭﺝ‬‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ‬‫ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ‬
‫ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩ‬‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ‬‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ‬‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬

16. ‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻨﺶ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‬‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﺭﻭﻳﺪﺍﺩ‬‫ﻭﻛﺎﺭ‬‫ﻛﺴﺐ‬‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ‬
‫ﻭ‬‫ﺁﻣﺎﺩﻩ‬‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬‫ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ‬‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ‬‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ‬‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬.

17. ‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬‫ﻧﻮﻋﺎ‬‫ﺩﺭ‬‫ﻣﻌﺮﺽ‬‫ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵ‬‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬،‫ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬‫ﺍﺯ‬‫ﻗﺒﻴﻞ‬‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬
،‫ﻛﺮﺩﻥ‬‫ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ‬،‫ﻛﺮﺩﻥ‬‫ﻣﺮﺗﺐ‬،‫ﻛﺮﺩﻥ‬‫ﺑﻨﺪﻱ‬‫ﻃﺒﻘﻪ‬،‫ﻛﺮﺩﻥ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺧﻼﺻﻪ‬
‫ﻛﺮﺩﻥ‬.‫ﺍﻳﻦ‬‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ‬‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬‫ﺭﺍ‬،‫ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻧﺪﻫﻲ‬،‫ﻭﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬‫ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ‬‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺩﺳﺘﻜﺎﺭﻱ‬،‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ‬‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‬‫ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬‫ﺭﺍ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ‬‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺍﻥ‬‫ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ‬‫ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ‬‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬.‫ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ‬‫ﻫﺮ‬‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬‫ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩ‬‫ﺷﺪﻩ‬‫ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬‫ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ‬‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ‬‫ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ‬‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ‬
‫ﺍﺻﻼﺡ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺑﺮﻭﺯﺭﺳﺎﻧﻲ‬‫ﺣﻔﻆ‬‫ﺷﻮﺩ‬.

18. ‫ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ‬‫ﺩﺭ‬‫ﻗﺎﻟﺐ‬‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺍﻥ‬‫ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ‬‫ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ‬
‫ﺷﻮﺩ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺩﺭ‬‫ﻗﺎﻟﺐ‬‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ‬‫ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ‬‫ﺩﺭ‬‫ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺱ‬‫ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬
‫ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬.‫ﻫﺪﻑ‬‫ﺍﺯ‬‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬،‫ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ‬‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ‬‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬‫ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺍﻥ‬‫ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ‬‫ﺍﺳﺖ‬.‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ‬‫ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ‬
‫ﺭﺍﻳﺞ‬‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ‬‫ﺍﺯ‬،‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﭘﻴﺎﻡ‬،‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ‬،‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﻓﺮﻡ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ‬،‫ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻴﻜﻲ‬‫ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ‬‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺸﮕﺮﻫﺎﻱ‬،‫ﻭﻳﺪﻳﻮﻳﻲ‬‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﭘﺎﺳﺦ‬،‫ﺻﻮﺗﻲ‬‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ‬
،‫ﻛﺎﻏﺬﻱ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﺍﻱ‬‫ﭼﻨﺪﺭﺳﺎﻧﻪ‬.

19. ‫ﺳﺎﺯﻱ‬‫ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩ‬‫ﻳﻜﻲ‬‫ﺍﺯ‬‫ﺍﺟﺰﺍء‬‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻲ‬‫ﭘﺎﻳﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬‫ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‬.‫ﺳﺎﺯﻱ‬‫ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩ‬‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺘﻲ‬‫ﺩﺭ‬‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬‫ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ‬‫ﺍﺳﺖ‬‫ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬‫ﺭﺍ‬‫ﺩﺭ‬‫ﻳﻚ‬‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ‬‫ﺩﻫﻲ‬‫ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ‬‫ﺷﺪﻩ‬‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬‫ﺑﻌﺪﻱ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬‫ﻧﮕﻪ‬‫ﻛﻨﺪ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬.

20. ‫ﻳﻜﻲ‬‫ﺍﺯ‬‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ‬‫ﻣﻬﻢ‬‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬‫ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ‬‫ﺍﺳﺖ‬.‫ﻳﻚ‬‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ‬‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ‬،‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ‬،‫ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵ‬،‫ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ‬‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺯﻱ‬‫ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩ‬‫ﺑﺎﺯﺧﻮﺭﺩ‬‫ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ‬‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬.‫ﺑﺎﺯﺧﻮﺭﺩ‬‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ‬‫ﺁﻳﺎ‬،‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩﻱ‬‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬‫ﺷﺪﻩ‬‫ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ‬‫ﻛﻨﺪ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬‫ﻳﺎ‬‫ﺧﻴﺮ؛‬‫ﻧﻈﺎﺭﺕ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ‬‫ﺷﻮﺩ‬.