Lec 9 architectural theories and movements

1. ARCHITECTURAL THEORIES AND
MOVEMENTS
LEC 9
JAN 1 ,2016

2. FUN THEORY
It states that something as simple as fun is the
easiest way to change people’s behavior for
the better. Be it for yourself, for the
environment, or for something entirely
different, the only thing that matters is that
it’s change for the better

4. DEFENSIBLE SPACE THEORIES
The defensible space theory of architect and city
planner Oscar Newman encompasses ideas
about crime prevention and neighborhood safety.
It points out that higher crime rate existed in
high-rise apartment buildings than in
lower housing projects. Conclusion, was because
residents felt no control or personal responsibility
for an area occupied by so many people.

5. There are five factors that make a defensible space:
• Territoriality – the idea that one's home is sacred
• Natural surveillance – the link between an area's physical
characteristics and the residents' ability to see what is
happening
• Image – the capacity of the physical design to impart a
sense of security
• Milieu – other features that may affect security, such as
proximity to a police substation or busy commercial area
• Safe Adjoining Areas - for better security, residents obtain
higher ability of surveillance of adjoining area through
designing the adjoining area

6. The ‘Sense of Enclosure’ Theory
One of the most widespread conventions of urban design
is the belief in the importance of ‘a sense of enclosure’.
This term is defined by the City of Ottawa as:
“when buildings physically define public spaces
particularly through proportions between height and
width in an area to create places that are comfortable to
pedestrians.
This article contends that the ‘sense of enclosure’
generated by following certain ratios of street height to
street width is based on a valuable perception of what
makes a satisfying place.

8. SENSE OF PLACE THEORY
It states that the particular experience of a
person in a particular setting (feeling
stimulated, excited, joyous etc) is what makes
them feel more for one location over another.
This links into 'spirit of place', which is the
combination of characteristics that gives some
locations a special ‘feel’ or personality.

9. CITY BEAUTIFUL MOVEMENT
The City Beautiful Movement was a reform
philosophy of North
American architecture and urban planning. The
movement promoted beauty not only for its own
sake, but also to create moral and civic
virtue among urban populations.
Advocates of the philosophy believed that such
beautification could promote a harmonious social
order that would increase the quality of life.

10. GARDEN CITY MOVEMENT
• The garden city movement is a method of urban
planning . Garden cities were intended to be planned,
self-contained communities surrounded by
"greenbelts", containing proportionate areas of
residences, industry, and agriculture.
• His idealized garden city would house 32,000 people
on a site of 6,000 acres (2,400 ha), planned on
a concentric pattern with open spaces, public parks
and six radial boulevards, 120 ft (37 m) wide, extending
from the centre. The garden city would be self-
sufficient and when it reached full population, another
garden city would be developed nearby.