1. Dear Ginny,
I have a confession to make, the first time I saw you, hindi kita gusto. Parang
may nagsasabi na isa kang malaking sakit sa ulo. But I also have to admit that even then,
you have something special in you. You had that spirit. You are by far the bravest girl I’ve
ever met. Days…weeks…months passed. I don’t know if it’s because you opened your
heart to me; kung ano ba ang mas malakas ang epekto — yung kakulitan mo o yung dasal
mo.
Siguro mas matindi ka lang talaga magdasal. I never thought that life could be
this exciting. I loved every moment. I loved every bit of you. Your love, your craziness…
your unpredictability. We bared souls to each other. Because of you, I started believing in
myself. I started fighting for what I believed in. I started being brave.
More than three years and I thought we were good. More than 3 years going on
forever, or so I thought. Hindi ko lang alam kung bakit? Kung paano? Kelan nagsimula?
Anong nangyari sa ating dalawa? Bakit tayo naghiwalay? But today, I resolved to stop
bothering you. I have decided to let you be and give you the space you asked for. That’s
why I’m sending this email 4 years from this day. You’ll be 30 years old by then. Sana
nagawa mo na lahat ng gusto mo. Sana tama na ang apat na taon para masiguro mo na
ako talaga ang gusto mo makasama habambuhay. Magtitiis ako Ginny, knowing that one
day, I’ll be back. I will do everything it takes to bring you back. I will never lose hope that
we will have our second chance.
Starting Over Again (Star Cinema,2014)
4. Teaching Approach
• Approach is the broadest of the three, making
strategy the most specific, and the method found
in between approach and strategy.
• An approach is an enlightened viewpoint toward
teaching. It provides philosophy to the whole
process of instruction. As presented by the
diagram, the method and strategy are just parts
and parcels of approach. Approach gives the
overall wisdom, it provides direction, and sets
expectations to the entire spectrum of the teaching
process. Furthermore, approach sets the general
rule or general principle to make learning
possible.
5. Types of Teaching
Approach
• Discovery
• Conceptual
• Process
• Inquiry
• Unified
6. Discovery Approach
• This approach pertains basically
to cognitive aspect of learning, the
development and organizations
of concepts, ideas and insights,
and the use of reference and other
logical processes to control a
situation.
7. Conceptual Approach
• This approach requires the
categorization of content from simple
to complex level. Students need not
go into an actual investigation or
experimentation, which is usually
required in discovery approach. A
simple act of recalling facts will
suffice like asking students to state
certain phenomena that they observe.
8. Process Approach
• The process approach may be defined
as teaching in which knowledge is
used as a means to develop students’
learning skills.
• This approach originated from and
used to be a monopoly of science
instruction. Today, it is identified
primarily with skill-oriented subjects
like practical arts and home
economics and even with knowledge-laden
subjects like social studies.
9. Inquiry Approach
• The concept of inquiry refers to learner’s attempt
to understand fundamental issues and concerns
that may affect learner’s status in life. From the
point of view of teaching and learning, the
concept of inquiry gives premium to the process
of discovering what may be of help in
motivating and in facilitating proper
accumulation of knowledge.
• In using this approach, the questions should
proceed from the very factual to thought-provoking
questions – that is from the what
questions to the how and why questions. More
opportunities should be provided to students to
respond to questions that call for analysis,
interpretation, evaluation, and judgment.
10. Unified Approach
• Teachers by and large present knowledge
in its isolated and fragmented bits, as if
each bit is an independent entity by itself.
Once presented to students, these
unrelated bits of information seem to be
likely unattractive and meaningless to
them. They might be able to memorize
them for sometime but there is no
guarantee that they will retain them. Their
tendency is to recite them by rote,
especially when there is an examination
scheduled in a day’s time or two.
11. Teaching Method
• A method is an organized, orderly,
systematic, and well-planned procedure
aimed at facilitating and enhancing
students’ learning. It is undertaken
according to some rule, which is usually
psychological in nature. That is, it
considers primarily the abilities, needs,
and interests of the learners.
13. Lecture
• This traditional
method for
delivering content to
a large audience is
one way, and is
mainly based on
oration.
Using this technique,
the lecturer can
transfer a lot of
information in a
short time.
14. Presentation
• The method of
delivering content is
unidirectional. It is
based on speech and
visual aids (mainly
as PowerPoint
presentations), and
was developed in
political and
business contexts to
persuade listeners.
15. Discussion
• This method
creates an exchange
of ideas and
different opinions,
or can be used to
clear questions and
attitudes after a
lecture of
presentation.
16. Lecture Discussion
• The lecturer
develops the
content by
questions and
answers and thus
by building on
preliminary
knowledge.
17. Group Work
• Is a general form of
cooperation
between two or
more people work
together to devise a
common goal and
following common
rules to complete
the tasks as a
group.
18. Role Play
• A form of simulation
game where one or
more of the students
take on different roles,
which are specifically
defined. It aims at the
effect of self-awareness
and offers deeper
insight in mainly social
processes during the
play but also in
practicing behavior or
skills.
19. Case Method
• Real or fictitious
cases are the basis
of this method.
They are mainly
used in law or
business education
to develop
student's decision
making skills.
20. Debate
• A form of
discussion between
two or more
students with fixed
rules and
guidelines, mainly
about different
positions and
opposing
viewpoints.
21. Brainstorming
• Initially a technique
used to generate
numerous creative
ideas. In teaching,
it is often used to
explore the
background
knowledge and
experiences of the
students.
22. Teaching Strategy
• According to Frankael (1973),
teaching strategies represent the
combinations of specific procedures
or operations, grouped and ordered
in definite sequence that teachers can
use in the classroom to implement
both cognitive and affective
objectives.
23. • Active Learning - Active Learning is
anything that students do in a
classroom other than merely
passively listening to an instructor's
lecture.
• Collaborative/Cooperative Learning -
Cooperative and collaborative learning are
instructional approaches in which
students work together in small groups to
accomplish a common learning
24. • Critical Thinking - Critical thinking is a
collection of mental activities that
include the ability to intuit, clarify,
reflect, connect, infer, and judge. It brings
these activities together and enables the
student to question what knowledge
exists.
• Discussion Strategies - Engaging
students in discussion deepens their
learning and motivation by propelling
them to develop their own views and
hear their own voices. A good
environment for interaction is the first
step in encouraging students to talk.
25. • Experiential Learning - Experiential
learning is an approach to education
that focuses on "learning by doing," on
the participant's subjective experience.
The role of the educator is to design
"direct experiences" that include
preparatory and reflective exercises.
• Humor in the Classroom - Using
humor in the classroom can enhance
student learning by improving
understanding and retention.
26. • Games/Experiments/Simulations -
Games, experiments and simulations
can be rich learning environments for
students. Students today have grown
up playing games and using
interactive tools such as the Internet,
phones, and other appliances. Games
and simulations enable students to
solve real-world problems in a safe
environment and enjoy themselves
while doing so.
