1. Word Parts
• Homo – same or human
• Ana – different or away
• Di – away
• Con – together
• Bi – two
• Ped – feet
• Erectus – upright
• Habilis - handy

2. Evolution
Gradual change in an organism
over a long period of time

3. Jean Baptiste Lamarck
(Born 1744 – Passed 1829)
• 1st
to develop a theory for evolution
• Actual Name: Jean Baptiste Pierre Antione de
Monet, Chevalier de Lamarck
• Born in the North of France
• His theory was proven false

4. Lamarck’s Theory of Evolution
1. Theory of need; change if you need to
2. Theory of use & disuse; use it or lose it
3. Theory that acquired traits will be passed to
offspring
• Lamarck will always be known for getting
evolution wrong.

5. Charles Robert Darwin
(Born 1809 - Passed 1882)
1. Known as the Father of Evolution
2. Born in Shrewsbury, England
3. At 22 worked as a Naturalist – studied
nature
4. Took a trip on the HMS Beagle (Ship) all
around the world but most importantly to
the Galapagos Islands
5. On the trip he wrote about his ideas but
waited 22 years to publish them

6. Voyage of the Beagle

7. 6. Wrote the book The Origin of Species
7. Never used the term evolution in his
research
8. Created the theory of Natural Selection –
(also known as) AKA Survival of the
Fittest

8. Theory of Natural
Selection Statements
1. Survival of the Fittest/Natural Selection –
individuals that are better suited to their
environment survive & reproduce
• Mimicry – resembling technique for protection
from a predator
– Ex Toads (Pg. 789) & King Snakes (Pg. 804)
• Camouflage – ability to blend in to avoid
detection from predator
– Ex: Peppered Moths, Flounders and Leafy Sea
Dragons (Pg. 780)

9. 2. All organisms produce more offspring
than can actually survive.
3. Members of each species vary from one
another.
4. Struggle for Existence – every organism
faces a constant battle for life

10. 5. Descent with Modification – each living
species has descended, with changes,
from other species over time.
– Common Ancestor/Common Descent – a
single “Tree of Life” links all living and
extinct organisms
– Cladogram/Phylogenic Tree – diagram that
shows evolutionary relationship among a
group of organisms (Pg. 460)

11. 3 Types of Natural Selection
1. Stabilizing – favors the average species
2. Directional – favors the extreme form of
a trait
3. Disruptive – favors BOTH extreme forms
of a trait

12. Evidence for the Evolution Theory
1. Fossils – species links shown in eggs,
footprints, & body parts
2. Geographic Distribution – species adapt or
change due to environmental conditions
3. Speciation – creation of a new species
4. Embryology – different species developmental
stages (Pg. 385)

15. 5. Analogous Body Structures – different
structure for the same function
(Butterfly & Bird)
6. Vestigial Structures – once had use but
no longer functions (appendix)
7. Homologous Body Structures – same
structure different functions (See next
slide)

16. • Homologous Structures
Turtle Alligator Bird Mammal
Ancient, lobe-
finned fish

17. 2 Types of Evolution
1. Divergent - when 1 species diverged
into several species
• Camel and Llama (Homologous Humps)
1. Convergent – when 2 different species
evolved similar traits due to their habitats
• Whales and Dolphins (flippers and hole)

18. Convergent Evolution

19. Divergent Evolution

20. Types of Primates
• Around 235 individual species of primates
– Lemurs, Aye Aye, Chimpanzee, Humans

21. Primate Common Features
• Opposable Thumbs – flexible & able to
grab and use objects
• Vision – dominant sense that is used for
depth perception
• Brain Size – large compared to body size
• Flexible Joints – movement in many
direction
• Feet – able to (grasp) pick things up

22. Early Humans
• Hominids – group of early humans
• Bipedal – walked on two feet
• Homo erectus – upright walking human
• Homo habilis – “Handy” human

24. Artificial Selection vs. Natural Selection
• Artificial Selection- choosing traits for a
desired outcome.