Slope Research Paper

Slope Research Paper
Morgan Hobbs
Mr. Meyer
Algebra II
12 December 2016
The Importance of Slope Slope is one of the most important equations used in day to day life. Every structure that you
own and live in uses slope. The only reason why everything is stable, is because of construction workers and anyone
that builds things uses slope formula. The formula for slope is y2 – y1 over x2 – x1. Slope is very important in the
construction field because it often states the best way to complete a project. The slope of a road affects water runoff, so
engineers and construction workers must plan accordingly. Slope is also important to people who use wheelchairs and
other types of devices to help others move around. Skiers, snowboarders, and snowmobilers must pay attention ... Show
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Skiers use slope every time they go skiing, as well as snowboarders, and snowmobilers. When you are snowmobiling,
you need to assess your surroundings, and decide whether or not it is safe to go up a steep slope. If you attempt to go up
an extremely steep slope without a snowmobile with high horsepower, you will most likely roll down the slope and get
seriously injured. If you are going down a slope, you need to be aware of the fact that you could possibly start an
avalanche. If an avalanche occurs there is one maneuver to increase your chance of survival. This maneuver is called a
slope cut. When performing a slope cut, you want to have your speed built up and go in a direction where it is safe, so
that if the slope that you are on fractures, your momentum will carry you off the moving slab and onto a safe
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Dating : The Rocks Of The Grand Canyon
Dating the Rocks of The Grand Canyon (old earth vs. young earth) I. Introduction The Grand Canyon is a National
Park located in Arizona where over four billion individuals go to visit yearly ("Grand Canyon National Park," n.d.; Hill
& Moshier, 2009, p. 99). It is over "18 miles wide"; "a mile deep"; and "300 miles long" ("Grand Canyon National
Park," n.d.; Bohlin, 1993). When looking at the Grand Canyon, there are essentially two sides, the South side and the
North side also known as Rims. Both sides, however, show a display of erosional forms as well as geological colored
rocks ("Grand Canyon National Park," n.d.). There are several different purposes of this paper. First, it is to give an
old–earth secular, also known as the Evolutionists viewpoint when dating the rocks of the Grand Canyon. Second, it is
to provide a young–earth, also known as the Creationists viewpoint when dating the rocks of the Grand Canyon. Third,
this paper is also going to compare as well as contrast the two viewpoints, old–earth secular Evolutionists and young–
earth Creationists. Lastly, this paper is to prove that when dating the Grand Canyon rocks, it will show that God created
the Grand Canyon, also known as the Young–Earth Creationists Viewpoint. II. Old–Earth Secular View "When asked to
imagine the biggest, deepest, longest canyon one can imagine, an image of the Grand Canyon will often pop into a
person's mind" (McGillivray, n.d.). Unfortunately, there is a controversy when

Investigating Secondary Dispersion Patterns of Indicator...
Picturing the Subsurface With GIS:
Data Visualization Techniques for Geophysical Images Using ArcGIS
By Lucas Donny Setijadji
Geoscientists try to understand the earth's crust using geophysical methods such as gravity and magnetic surveys.
Mining geologists also use geophysics to search new mineral deposits. In areas such as the Nevada Great Basin,
geoscientists rely more on geophysical images than on geologic maps.
The Great Basin area holds one of the biggest mineral concentrations in the world.
Economically, gold is the most prominent commodity. The most important gold deposits are hosted by carbonate rocks,
called the Carlin–type and Carlin–like gold deposits. Carlin–type and
Carlin–like gold deposits are unique geologically, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The goal is to separate the regional trends and residual anomalies. The digital separation processes sometimes involve
the transformation of data from the space domain into the wave–number (Fourier) domain. This filtering process
requires specific geophysical software such as the MAGMAP product from Oasis Montaj©.
The filtering algorithm applied to the gravity map was a band–pass filter to find intermediatewavelength gravity
anomalies. These anomalies represent deep–seated geologic units and structural configurations (Figure 2). Meanwhile,
the upward continuation filter for 1 km was applied on the aeromagnetic map to eliminate the noise from shallow
magnetic sources. The result represents magnetic bodies at a significant depth below the surface (Figure 3).
Figure 2–The IntermediateWavelength Gravity Anomaly Map After
Application of Band–Pass Filtering
Figure 3–The Magnetic Anomaly
Map After the Application of 1 km
Upward Continuation Filtering
Data Integration With GIS and Some Concerns
Geophysical processing software usually lacks GIS functionality. Spatial analysis is much easier when done in a GIS
environment. Transformation of geophysical images to a GIS format can be as simple as exporting the images that
contain spatial information into geoTIFF format. In a GIS analysis, geophysical images are often treated as a type of
evidence map, the same as other thematic maps such as mineral

The Life Of A Paleontologist
The Life Of A Paleontologist
Paleontology is the study of the history of life on earth based on fossils. Fossils are the remains of plants, animals,
fungi, bacteria, and single–celled living things that have been replaced by rock material or impressions of organisms
preserved in rock. Overall it incorporates knowledge occasionally from biology, geology, ecology, anthropology,
archaeology, and computer science to understand the processes that have led to the origination and extinction of the
different types of organisms since life arose. Henceforth, a paleontologist is a scientist who studies the history of
organic life on Earth, primarily focusing on the past.
Generally much of a paleontologist's work centers on finding the fossilized ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Paleontologists use geologic maps to identify places that has the potential of finding a fossil. Geologic maps show the
age and the type of rock found on the Earth's surface. For example, in the case of finding dinosaur fossils
Paleontologists locate sedimentary rocks from the Mesozoic Era on a geologic map, and go to those areas to hunt for
fossils. Paleontologists also need to know how to use a topographic map to locate a fossils elevation and to determine
the best sites for paleontological excavation.
Paleontologists often study amber. It is a type of fossil resin that can preserve tissue as delicate as dragonfly wings.
Some ants get trapped in amber while eating leaves, allowing scientists to know exactly what they ate, and how they ate
it. Also the air bubbles trapped in amber can conclude what atmospheric changes were around when the organism lived,
with the help of studying meteorology (Landing. Ed, 2015) .
I interviewed Dr. Ed Landing, a paleontologist at the New York State Museum. Paleontologists who work for a museum
might see his/her days split between research and service, service might include answering questions of public,
answering emails of government agencies about different fossils and often giving tours of the museum. The service also
includes preservation, conservation, and data–basing of existing collections so that the collection might be used in
research elsewhere (Landing. Ed, 2015) . Loaning or providing pictures of

Marine and Lacustrine Soil Types
Marine and Lacustrine Deposits
ORIGINS AND GEOTECHNICAL ISSUES
Robert Bartus s2721227 | 4 104ENG Geotechnical Engineering Practice | August 19, 2012
1
The origins of soil deposits on the earth's crust can reveal significant findings in the chemical and mechanical
characteristics of the soils themselves. It is important to uncover such origins to find how and where such deposits may
have formed over tens of thousands of years ago. Marine and Lacustrine deposits are two soil types that are commonly
encountered during soil exploration, both of which are primarily traced back to either glacial o r more broadly, alluvial
origins (Hunt 2005 ). They are somewhat alike in there fine sedimentary composition and similarly can be prone to ...
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It is for these reasons engineers must assess and investigate potential regions of quick clay deposits to evaluate their
threat and danger to the community. Figure 2 (Pg.2) and Figure 3 (below) illustrate the magnitude and threat of these
quick slides, there catastrophic nature and unstable ground connditions they present.
Figure 3: Quick Clay Landslide Anatomy (Canada Natural Resources)
The problematic behavior of marine soils also extend to more subtle, but still concerning scenarios which can be
described as potential acid sulfate soils (PASS). Potential meaning under the right conditions can produce a harmful and
corrosive acid environment. The formation and deposition of acid sulfate soil (ASS) has occurred of the past 10 000 –
2000 years, after the last major sea level rise. They are commonly encountered in low lying areas of coastline such as
marine estuaries and flood plains and contain soil types of marine sediments. The ASS's tend to lay dormant under
alluvial soils or dunes until they are disturbed either by excavation or indirectly due to lowering of the water table by
changed drainage conditions.
Marine and Lacustrine Deposits
Robert Bartus s2721227
4
Acid sulfate soils are marine deposits which are high in iron sulfide content, becoming exposed to oxygen produces an
oxidation reaction which forms sulfuric acid. The sulfuric acid presents relatively low pH levels of 4 – 1, which p
roduce highly acidic

Importance Of Tourism In England
Many people would say that England isn't a wonderful place to go travel just because there is so much security that
goes on there, then others will say it's a fabulous place to travel just because they lived there and there are many things
to do in England. On that note, who is really right about it? There are many things that are geologic about England, but
the main geologic features about England are their sedimentary rocks. This feature is very popular in England just
because there is so many in different regions and you can witness them as quick as possible, many people find the rocks
as art to themselves and that's a hobby to them to figure out everything about the rocks and how long it was there for.
There are always other geological features in England like Cheddar Gorge, Jurassic Coast, Whin Sill, London Basin,
and even Lizard Complex, a lot of humans could take trips to those places if they can and will take pictures if they want
and post them on social media. Humans will not make concerns for the future just because they really won't have a way
to make a big difference with it. The climate in England is very well balanced just because they have warm summers
and even cool winters, the climate is a mild temperature not much lower than 0 C in the winter and not much higher
than 32 C in the summer. The warmest month in England will definitely be July and August, but the coolest month will
have to be both January and February. There are many months you can go and

Observing The Mega Picture And Paradigm Shift
Jason Weinhaus
9/20/16
Martin–Wells
Comparative Planetology
Observing the Mega picture and Paradigm Shifts
The definition of paradigm shift is a fundamental change in approach or underlying assumptions. The paradigm shift
that John Mcphee refers to in Basin and Range is the transition from pre–tectonic plate geology also know as old
geology and the geology after the introduction of the now widely accepted plate tectonic theory. Mcphee uses geologist
Kenneth Deffeyes as a focal point by observing how an old geologist can work after such an upheaval in ideology. The
paradigm shift caused everyday geologist including Kenneth Deffeyes to focus on seeing the mega–picture of earth
instead of the single picture that geologist have been examining ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He was the first person to come up with the idea of Pangea. Kenneth Deffeyes is best known for his discovery of a
connection between what was happening on the seafloor and in the state of Nevada. His first encounter with the concept
of continental drift was when scientist J. Tuzo Wilson of The University of Toronto and Fred Vine from Cambridge
University published a paper which they defined "an oddly isolated piece of the mid–ocean ridge off the coasts of
Oregon and Washington. It was a spreading center of what would eventually become known as Juan de Fuca Plate, one
of the smallest of all the crustal plates in the world. The volcanoes of the Cascades– Mt. Hood, Mt. Rainier, Mt.St.
Helens, Glacier Peak– were lined up behind its trench" (Mcphee, Pg 136). This idea was only a hypothesis at the time,
but Deffeyes was eager to either confirm or disprove it. He made it very clear that "Continental drift is one hypothesis
ill get seasick for"(Mcphee, Pg.136). Deffeyes proximity to the area in question and clearance to use high–tech
equipment made going on this voyage a no–brainer. "Deffeyes went out to dredge the rock, but first he had to find the
ridge, so he made a long pass with his echo sounder tracing the profile of the bottom. The ridge–axis rock, when he
dredged it up, was extremely young. But what at the end

Critical and Creative Thingking Questions
Week 1 Critical and Creative Thinking Questions
Name: Gardner
Chapter 1
3. How do you think the principle of uniformitarianism accounts for occasional catastrophic events such as meteorite
impacts, huge volcanic eruptions or great earthquakes?
Uniformitarianism is a scientific clarification on how the rocks, continents and mountains in the planet are created. The
material process that occurs on earth has not changed; although the objective conditions have changed radically the
principle of uniformitarianism accounts for the outcome of the catastrophe or natural calamity.
4. In this chapter we have suggested that Earth is a close approximation of a natural closed system, and we have hinted
at some of the ways that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
4. Choose one of the geological periods listed in figure 3.8 and find out all you can about it. How are rock formations
from that period identified? What are its most characteristic fossils? Where are the best samples of rock from your
chosen period?
I chose the Jurassic period; because this time enclosed mainly marine deposits such as shale, sandstone and limestone.
There were a diversity of fossils found from this period which was only found west of the Mississippi River.
5. Do some research to determine the ages of the oldest known fossils. What kind of life forms were they?
The oldest fossil was the microfossils known to be found in Australia by a group from the University of Western
Australia and Oxford University. The tiny fossils showed credible indication for cells and bacteria living in an oxygen
free world over 3.4 billion years ago.
Chapter 15 1. Recall chapter 1 that Earth and Venus are so similar in size and overall composition that they are almost
twins. Why did these planets evolved so differently? Why is earth's atmosphere rich in oxygen and poor in carbon
dioxide, whereas the reverse is true for Venus? What would happen to the Earth's oceans if earth were a little bit closer
to the sun?
These planets evolved so differently, because of their space from the sun. Making Venus hotter than earth and causing
changes to the

John Mcphee 's Rising From The Plains
As I recently drove on Interstate 80, from Colorado to Iowa, I could not help but think of John McPhee's book Rising
from the plains; and how from a different perspective a boring piece of land in the plains could reveal a rich history of
geological cycles. McPhee is able to bring to life the study of geology in a way that is relatable by creating relationships
between the landscape, people, and history through the use of transforming the same plot of land across eons of time.
He uses several pages to discuss geology, followed by stories about the love family ranch as an overview of life on the
very same plains four million years ago. This format for reading allows the author to build layers of science facts with
story so that the humanistic element does not get distracted by the complex material. The reader develops a sense of the
formation of the specific terms such as; the system, period, stage and age names, and thus overcomes the barrier of
reading just geology facts. The passage for which all the specialized knowledge comes from is a man named David
Love.
Rather than using his education and experience for the benefit of private industry, David Love serves as supervisor of
the environmental branch of the United States Geological Survey in Laramie, Wyo. Mr. Love, who was born in the
Wind River Basin in central Wyoming in 1913 and who grew up on an isolated ranch there, joins McPhee on a drive
across the vast open stretches of Wyoming's Interstate 80. Section after

Subsurface Characterization For Competent Foundation Depth
Subsurface characterization for competent foundation depth within OlabisiOnabanjo University, Main campus, Ago
Iwoye using Electrical Geophysical method
1Oladunjoye H.T., 1Akinyemi L.P., 1Adenuga O.A., 2Mosuro G.O.2Sotikare P. B
1 Department of Physics, OlabisiOnabanjo University, Ago Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria
2 Department of Earth Sciences, OlabisiOnabanjo University, Ago Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria
Correspondence to oladunjoye.hamid @gmail.com
ABSTRACT
OlabisiOnabanjo University Main Campus was surveyed usingelectrical resistivity method to unravel the competent
depth for structures foundation. The research was also aim to delineate the lithological arrangement of the soil using
this method.
The study area lies between Longitude N06°55.389ꞌ – N06°55.384ꞌ and Latitude E003°55.001ꞌ and E003°54.959ꞌ
respectively. It lies in the Pre–Cambrian basement complex terrain of South–western Nigeria. The rocks present in
Precambrian basement complex are mainly Granodiorite, Porphyroblastic Granite, Migmatite Gneisses, Biotite
Gneisses and Hornblende Gneiss. The Gneisses constitute the major rocks by the other groups of rocks. The basement
complex is one of the three major litho–petrologic components that make up the geology of Nigeria.
The study makes use of both Horizontal Resistivity Profiling (HRP) and Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES). Three(3)
HRP data were obtained within the study area using Wenner configuration to give the Electrical Resistivity
Tomography (ERT) of the area

How Did Wegener Support The Theory Of Continental Drift
Continental drift is the theory that Earth's continents have moved around the Earth's surface throughout geologic time to
get to where they are at today. The theory of continental drift has been a controversy, but findings have made the theory
more supportive. This theory at the time changed the way on how we viewed the origin of the continents. It was a big
discovery but many were reluctant to accept the theory. The man that came up with the theory of Continental Drift was
Alfred Wegener.
Alfred Wegener was a German geographer and meteorologist who also relied upon other researcher's hypothesis such
as A. Snider and Eduard Suess that helped develop Wegener's theory of continental drift (Levin, p. 178). Alfred
Wegener proposed the idea ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Fit of continents about 200 million years ago (Levin, p.179).
With this in mind, if you did try putting them together, you probably might have put Africa and South America
something close to the figure. It definitely looks like South America and Africa continents does seem to be a puzzle
piece together. For the most part, this was Wegener's simplest clue but his evidence gets more complex.
Another piece of evidence for his continental drift theory was fossil evidence. In this case, the fossils that have helped
with this theory are the Glossopteris, Mosasaurs, Cynognatus, and Lystrosaurus fossils. The Glossopteris flora, which is
a type of plant that been discovered on all the continents that were once Gondwana. These continents were Africa,
South America, India, Australian, and Antarctica (Wincander, p. 42). Furthermore, the Glossopteris had to be from the
same origin because the continents now all have different climates, and the seeds pertaining to the Glossopteris could
not have flown far enough due to their heavy weight (Levin, p. 181). As you can see in figure 3 below, the most
reasonable explanation for this. (see figure 3,

Feasibility Study Of The Australian Oil & Gas Industry
I am a highly accomplished and motivated Petroleum Engineering Graduate with hands–on experience and a keen
desire to pursue a long–term career in the Australian oil & gas industry. In conjunction with my tertiary studies, I have
acquired over 9 years' experience working in various fast–paced and deadline–driven environments, including a
valuable internship as a Reservoir Engineer with leading Thailand oil & gas exploration and production company,
PTTEP. This beneficial experience enabled me to utilise my advanced technical and time management skills to
successfully complete an integral feasibility study within the designated timeframe, and in the process enhanced my
critical thinking and problem solving abilities. A capable and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Following on I was involved in generating a waterflood plan and production profile for each specific prospect,
determining water flood plan from the number of injectors based on mobility ratio assumption, sweep efficiency;
defining injection pattern & location of injectors from geological structure, reservoir structure, well correlation, oil &
water contact, well location & structure of surrounding area; determining drill injector or converted a producer to an
injector by reviewing well potential, production data; reservoir permeability, thickness (kh), distance of injector to
producer, geological structure and pressure data; and defining injection requirements from void replacement ratio
(VRR) calculation based on reservoir data and material balance equation. During the project, I applied and enhanced
technical skills and time management skills to perform on the company project and completed the project within the
designated timeframe by using an organised approach and prioritising tasks accurately. Company Name St George
Motor Boat Club Title Chef De Partie Location New South Wales, Australia Time Period Dec 2016 – Current (On
LinkedIn this job will automatically be placed at the top due to the end date being Current) Company Name Coco
Cubano Title Qualified Chef Location New South Wales, Australia Time Period Aug 2016 – Dec 2016 Company Name
West Illawarra Leagues Club Title Chef De Partie Location New South

The History Of Sedimentary Basins
The sedimentary record is the best archive of basin–forming tectonics and structural processes, particularly in regions
with complex tectonic history such as the Eastern Cordillera in the Northern Andes of Colombia. Multiple tectonic
episodes have driven fault reactivation and sedimentation in the Cenozoic is related to contractional strain. Sedimentary
basins within the Eastern Cordillera contain coarse and fine grained units. The presence of coarse grained units in the
distal regions of a foreland basin are in particular used to constrain deformation history on the basis of the conditions
governing their deposition. Varying mechanisms are proposed for distal coarse clastic facies including 1) Orography
(Masek et al., 1994) and climate ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The addition of a second chronometer such as ZHe bolsters provenance constrains. Though, different locations can
have similar ZHe ages within one region, ZHe and ZPb ages cannot be the same unless related to volcanism (Reiners et
al., 2005). Therefore, for accurate tectonic interpretations based on volcanic grain exclusions, we implement the use of
double chronometry on the same detrital grains, an approach only used in the axial Eastern Cordillera (Saylor et al.,
2012b). ZHe plays a valuable role in determining tectonic and thermal evolution of the thrust belt via lag time analysis
(Cerveny et al., 1988, Ruiz et al., 2004, Bernet et al., 2006, Saylor et al., 2012). Changes in Lag time reflects upsection
variation in deformation and exhumation rate of the adjacent orogen by interpreting five lag time trajectories. On each
end of the spectrum, an upsection decrease in lag time will indicate accelerated thrust induced exhumation and an
upsection increase in lag time will indicate reduced exhumation and possible introduction of a new source area. Various
studies in the Eastern Cordillera have focused on single chronometry using either ZPb for provenance history (Horton
et al., 2010, 2015, Cardona et al., 2010, Nie et al., 2010, Bayona et al., 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, Saylor et al., 2011,
Bande et al., 2012, Ochoa et al., 2012, Ayala et al.,

Petroleum Geology Of The Sarir Essay
PETROLEUM GEOLOGY OF THE SARIR "C" FIELD, SIRTE BASIN,LIBYA
Complied by: 9606617
MSC PETROLEUM GEOSCIENCE, UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER
PETROLEUM GEOLOGIC OF THE SARIR "C" FIELD
IN THE SIRTE BASIN, LIBYA
1. INTRODUCTION The Sarir 'C' oil field is a super–giant hydrocarbon field, located near the south–eastern margin of
the late Cretaceous – Tertiary Sirte Basin of Libya. The field is 56km long, 40km wide, and covers an area of about
378km2.
The Sarir "C" field is a higly prolific hydrocarbon producing field in North Africa (figure1) with an estimated ultimate
recovery of about 6.5bbl of oil in place (Carmalt et. al; 1986) It was discovered in Southern Cyrenaica in 1961, forms
part of three complex fields(fig3), and has other significant fields like the Amal, Defa, Augila, Hateiba, Messla, Bu
Atifel, lying in the same Sirte basin.
1.1 Location and Geological Setting of the Field.
LOCATION and GEOLOGIC SETTINGS The study field is located in the Sirte Basin. This Basin, located in the north
central extension of Libya, covers an area of about 500,000km2, between latitudes 270N–330N and 160E and 220E. It
is ranked 13th among the world's major hydrocarbon provinces and contains the major hydrocarbon producing fields in
Libya.
The Sarir "C" oil field is located on the western arm of the Calanscio Sand Sea in the southern Cyrenaica. The Basin is
dominated by the Tertiary Sirte–Zleten petroleum system which is subdivided into four units, which developed from

Geology Personal Statement
Our planet is over 4.5 billion years old and yet we have only touched the surface of knowledge that it withholds. I am
naturally very curious, so the mysteries of our planet have fascinated me. My enthusiasm in Geology grew when I was
introduced to physical Geography at GCSE level and thoroughly enjoyed the topic of plate tectonics leading me to
further pursue Geology at A level.
My interest in Geology encouraged me to join the Liverpool Geological Society and attend several lectures. The latest
was on the geology of Greenland by Dr Maggie Williams giving me an insight into how Geology affects different
societies, even those at the remotest corners of the world. I have also attended two recent Herdman symposiums at
Liverpool University and particularly appreciated the talk on Curiosity: The Mars rover. In addition, a lecture on the
mining of rare earth elements has inspired me to pursue an extended project qualification on the exploitation of these
metals within China and why they currently dominate the trade market with these essential commodities. This project ...
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Whilst being a part of the council I have learnt that teamwork plays a vital role in achieving goals in an efficient way.
Additionally, clear communication and presentation were vital in the publicity of events to get as many students
involved as possible. Moreover, these skills also helped me during my role as a 6th form mentor to GCSE students who
were struggling with science subjects. After my first year of AS levels I decided to resit the year. This has been a great
benefit to me as I have become a more rounded and mature student. It has also allowed me to be certain that Geology is
the subject I wish to study further at degree level and pursue as a

The Iron Mask Project Is Located At An Elevation Of M 425...
The Iron Mask project is located at an elevation of ~425 m above mean sea level and within the Canadian Shield that is
characterized by subdued topography with rolling hills and numerous lakes and rivers. Vegetation in the area composes
a Boreal forest, and includes both coniferous and mixed–wood forests. Conifer tree species include white and black
spruce, balsam, jack pine fir, eastern white cedar, and tamarack, while the deciduous (hardwood) species are mainly
white birch and poplar (https://www.ontario.ca/page/forest–regions). Preliminary access can be made from the town of
Cartier (population ~300 people) via HWY 144, from which the Fox Lake road and the Old Cartier Hwy provide access
to within 5 km of the center of claim area. From the Old Cartier Hwy, forest and lake access roads provide light vehicle
access to the center and southern parts of the property. The northern parts of the area are more remote, requiring access
via boat on Clear Lake or a forest road near the northern extent of the property (Champion Bear, 2003 ). The project
area is located in a moderately humid continental climate, with short to moderate length, warm to hot summers and
long, cold winters. Precipitation in Ontario averages 600–1000 mm per year, including ample snowfall in the winter
months. Ranges of temperatures and precipitation in the area are shown in Table 1. The Iron Mask project occurs near
the Sudbury Ni–Cu camp, which is part of the broader Abitibi granite–greenstone terrane

Application of Sturctural Geology to Petroleum Engineering
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ARCHITECTURE FINE ARTS AND COMPUTING SCIENCES
PETROLEUM ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Name: Claudine V. Tanyag
Year & Course: PetE–3201
Topic: Application of Structural Geology in the Field of Engineering
Speaker: Engr. Dan Emmanuel MonteAlegre
Date and Time: March 23, 2013 7:00–12:00pm
Venue: Batangas State University Main Campus II Audio Visual Room
I. Introduction
Seminars are the platform to meet the people with same interest and learn a lot at one clip with most material
compressed in short. And, we as petroleum engineers, seminars will help us a lot to gain more knowledge and
understand those lectures which are left unanswered in our minds.
Our speaker Engr. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They may be exposed to dangerous conditions, equipments and chemicals. They should be also careful about making
decisions because once you get wrong billions of dollars will be lost.
III. Observation
Engineers work with geologists to understand a site 's rock as well as to design equipment and processes to recover the
resources and reduce operational costs. The combined efforts of geologists and petroleum engineers throughout the life
of a hydrocarbon accumulation determine the way in which a reservoir is developed and depleted, and usually they
have the highest impact on field economics. Petroleum engineering overlaps with many of the engineering disciplines,
such as: mechanical, chemical, and civil.
Petroleum engineers have a future full of challenges and opportunities. They must develop and apply new technology to
recover hydrocarbons from oil shale, tar sands, and offshore oil and gas fields. They must also devise new techniques to
recover oil left in the ground after application of conventional producing techniques.
Since many petroleum companies conduct worldwide operations, a petroleum engineer may have the opportunity for
assignments all over the world. A petroleum engineers must solve the variety of technological and economic problems
encountered in these assignments. These exciting technological challenges combine to offer the petroleum engineer a
most rewarding career. We

Mammoths In Research Paper
The most rare method to find fossils is to find original skeleton material. some insects have been found in amber. The
amber gives some scientists the chance to examine the skin, hair, and organs of prehistoric beings. The rarest form of
fossilization is the preservation of original skeletal material and even soft tissue. For example, some insects have been
preserved perfectly in amber, which is ancient tree sap. In addition, several mammoths and even a Neanderthal hunter
have been discovered frozen in glaciers. The rarest form of fossilization is the preservation of original skeletal material
and even soft tissue. For example, some insects have been preserved perfectly in amber, which is ancient tree sap. In
addition, several mammoths and

Canad The World 's Oldest History
The world and its features we see surrounding us today have not been the same throughout all of time . A lot of people
believe that the way the Earth looks today is the way it has looked since the beginning. This belief is far from true. The
Earth has a history that has evolved over time just like everything else. We can view the history by examining the
Earth's crust in areas. The region of the Earth that is presently known as Canada has the world's oldest history which
makes it unique. Throughout this paper I will discuss how the area known as Canada became what it is. Geology is the
study of the Earth's crust through the crust's chemical composition and physical properties. The way that geologists are
able to figure out the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The shield that is located in Canada is the most famous shield because it is the oldest. The shield is the only area of rock
that is as old as the Earth itself. This means that the rock formations located within the shield are 4.6 billion years old.
No other area of the Earth's crust is this old because of the rock cycle. The rock cycle basically recycles the existing
crust and turns it into new crust. This process starts with areas that are known as subduction zones. These subduction
zones consist of one tectonic plate submerging underneath another tectonic plate. As the plate becomes subducted from
tectonic movement, it breaks down and turns into magma. In some situations the crust that has now been turned into
magma relocates to an area known as a hot spot. Hot spots are areas underneath the surface of the Earth that are filled
with magma. As the pressure in these hot spots rises, the magma begins to work its way upward until it reaches the
surface and forms new crust. This event usually takes place in the ocean which results in the formation of new oceanic
crust. As time goes on this oceanic crust moves closer to the continents, then eventually becomes continental crust. As
even more time passes, the continental crust begins to move upward forming what we know today as mountain ranges.
Once the mountain ranges are formed, the cycle starts over because the mountains begin to erode and eventually will

Essay about Alfred Wegener and the Continental Drift
Alfred Wegener was a meteorologist and astronomer. He was the first scientist to introduce the theory of the continental
drift. Wegener theorized that at one time the continents were one large landmass or Pangaea that had drifted apart. His
ideas were initially rejected by other scientists. It was not until long after Wegener's death that proof was obtained and
his theory verified.
The Life of Alfred Wegener Alfred was born in Germany in 1880 and led a very busy life. He received a PhD in
astronomy but quickly moved on to meteorology. He and his brother experimented with kites and balloons. They set a
record flying a balloon during his first expedition to Greenland in 1906 (PBS, 1998, para. 2). Alfred taught meteorology
and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Wegener's theory was met with much controversy by other scientists. The fact that he was primarily a meteorologist and
astronomer rather than a geologist further discounted his theory. Wegener provided numerous explanations and
documentation in support of his continental drift theory. He provided two fossils as evidence. Glossopteris because it
had been found on several continents that were widely separated. Glossopteris, also known as a seed fern fossil, was too
large to be transported by the wind. The other was Mesosaurus which was a small aquatic freshwater reptile (Lutgens &
Tarbuck, 2014, p. 154). Other scientists believed this was possible because land bridges had once existed or explained it
away as drafting. Wegener most likely did not offer fossil sharks or jellyfish as evidence due to the fact that these fish
inhabit all major oceans on the planet.
He also used an Austrian geologist's theory that the continental crust, sial, was lighter than sima and the sial layer could
move across the ocean floor (Healey, 2006, para. 15). Wegener further stated that the tides could cause the continents to
move and later came to the conclusion that magma could also be responsible for the movement. Wegener made two
more journeys to Greenland to conduct meteorological and geophysical studies. His final trek in 1930 included the
examination of the glacial sheets to provide further evidence regarding

Cascadia Subduction Zone And San Andreas Fault
Cascadia Subduction Zone and San Andreas Fault
On August 24, 2014 a magnitude 6.0 earthquake occurred in and around the city of Napa, CA. The earthquake killed
one person and injured over 150 people. And these people were treated at Queen of the Valley Medical Center in Napa
[1]. More and more earthquakes occurred on this earth. So this grasps people's attention.
According to the research report, it will cause thousands of people die, towns submerged, buildings and bridges
damaged once a huge earthquake and tsunamis happened on the Pacific Northwest area near American coast. And
losses will be estimated at over 5 billion dollar US dollars. This shocking article was composed by seismic safety
advisory committee in Oregon. According to materials, a super–strong earthquake once happened in A.D. 1700
Cascadia Subduction Zone (CSZ) on the Pacific Northwest coast. There are some experts forecast that another super–
huge earthquake will occur in the future. The report has shown that once the earthquake occurs, the regions from North
California to British Columbia Coastal region will suffer devastation, cause heavy casualties. Water and electricity
shortage issues definitely follow this heavy disaster, meanwhile, communication and heating system and gas supply
will definitely broken off in the light of this earthquake. The CSZ is a 1,000 km long dipping fault that stretches from
Northern Vancouver Island to Cape Mendocino in northern California. It separates the Juan de Fuca (Juan

The Role Of Active Faults On Fracture Development
The third order fracture distribution is strongly dependent on the lithofacies architecture, especially the distribution of
bedding plane discontinuities. Fractures in stratified parts of the sequence form a nested structure with a high degree of
mechanical units at the scale of individual sedimentary beds. In more homogeneous rocks, a widely–spaced background
network of lithology–irrelevant fractures is overprinted by more densely spaced fractures terminating at significant
mechanical decoupling surfaces.
Relationships between fracture stratigraphy and stratigraphic fracture development controls for different scale ranges as
formalized in the hierarchical fracture model for the Petra case study can be used to provide constraints for nested
fractured reservoir models. This methodology can help determine an appropriate homogenization scale for geo–cellular
fracture models, improve the prediction of the discrete sub–seismic fracture distribution compared to conventional
down–scaling techniques and improve the constraints of stratigraphic control on wellbore up–scaling. This procedure
becomes increasingly more powerful when combined with the effects of other important development controls, such as
the influence of active faults on fracture development.
Acknowledgements
We kindly acknowledge the help of J. Klaver, F. Carranza Dumon, R. Donselaar, N. Hardebol, H. Boro, and B. Geiss.
We thank the Netherlands Centre for Integrated Solid Earth Systems (ISES) and Total E&P

The Geologic Record
It can be argued by some geologists that significantly more time is lost at bedding planes than is recorded by the
accumulation of sediment and its later lithification into a sedimentary rock. In the present paper, the continuity of the
sedimentary record is investigated. It is hypothesized that sedimentary strata preserved predominately records episodic
sedimentation events and gaps represented by bedding planes symbolize more time than the preserved strata. The
incompleteness of the geologic record and the role of rare events was studied using data gathered from a variety of
sedimentary outcrops and cores. The author addressed his hypothesis using this collected data in terms of sediment
preservation and represented preservation as a function of two modes of geomorphic processes: Magnitude and
frequency. The author tested his hypothesis using relatively modern storm events to represent sedimentation, showing
how daily processes can distort the geologic record, and by using ancient examples to illustrate how some storms can
be preserved in spectacular condition.
The results of this study support the hypothesis that the stratigraphic record represents episodic phenomena rather than
continuous deposition. When describing fluvial processes, the study was significant in that infrequent, extremely high
magnitude fluvial events in a canyon located below base level leaves sediment deposits that are preserved for a long
period of time. In contrast, frequent floods occurring the

Connections To World History Explanation
Connections to World History Explanation
Archaeology
Archaeology helps us understand world history by showing us how the ancient groups of people lived before us. They
do this by reviewing artifacts left behind by the people of the past. This special branch of study helps us grasp a vast
majority of the events that happened before us. Remains left behind are evaluted and preserved to be showcased for
future refrences and to give us a look in on who they were.
Geography
Geography helps us understand world history by teaching us about the Earth and all of its many wonders. This science
includes how the earth is divided into continents and countries, the climate, animal and plant life, people's resources,
industries and products these topics go

Zuni Salt Lake
Zuni Salt Lake
Bradbury's (1967) dissertation research was the first comprehensive study of Zuni Salt Lake maar. Based on a
radiocarbon age of 22.9 ± 1.4 ka 14C yr BP (Haynes et al., 1967) on aquatic, calcareous algae from Zuni Salt Lake
lacustrine deposits 15 m above the present lake level, he concluded that the Zuni Salt Lake maar formed during the late
Pleistocene. This single date provided a maximum age for the Zuni Salt Lake maar but has long been viewed as suspect
because of probable hardwater carbon–reservoir effects. Subsequent argon dating of Zuni Salt Lake volcanic rocks
resulted in low–resolution plateau ages of 114 ± 38 ka and 86 ± 31 ka (McIntosh and Cather, 1994).
Fence Lake Project investigations in valleys and uplands
In the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
During the FLP work, I did not map historical period terraces within the modern arroyo and noted only two prehistoric
terrace surfaces, one of which has only very isolated occurrences. I identified six distinct, prehistoric units of stream–
deposited alluvium and at least three arroyo–cutting episodes along Carrizo Wash and its tributaries. Chronometric
control was provided by 21 radiocarbon dates on charcoal and isolated prehistoric ceramics found in both primary and
reworked contexts. Three of the stratigraphic units (Qha1, Qha2, and Qha3) are separated by weak soils in clayey
alluvial and were dated to the middle Holocene between approximately 6200 14C yr BP and 4000 14C yr BP.
Subsequent arroyo cutting preceded deposition of late Holocene unit Qha4 during the 4000–1000 14C yr BP interval.
Unit Qha4 deposition ended with arroyo formation ca. 1000 14C yr BP. Similarly, the other late Holocene alluvial units
(Qha5 and Qha6) were followed by arroyo cutting around 650 14C yr BP and the late 19th century,

A Brief Note On Floods And Its Effects On Soil Conditions
LANDSLIDES
Content
1. Definition
2. Occurrence of Landslides
3. Causes of Landslide 3.1. natural causes 3.2. anthropogenic causes
4. Types of Landslides 4.1. slides 4.2. falls 4.3. Topple 4.4. flows 4.5. lateral spread
5. Effects
6. Evaluation of Landslides
7. Prevention and remediation of landslides
8. Conclusion
1.Definition:
Landslide is the general term used to describe the down slope movement of soil, rock, and other earth materials under
the effects of gravity and also the landform that results from such movement.
2.Occurrence of Landslides. Landslides can occur virtually anywhere in the world, where climate, precipitation,
bedrock and soil conditions and slopes are susceptible to failure. Landslides can occur under water too, along
continental slopes and deep sea fans. Landslide can occur in bedrock or on soils; agricultural lands, barren slopes and
forests. Both extremely dry areas and very humid areas can be affected by slope failures. Thus, steep slopes are not a
necessary prerequisite for landslides to occur. In some cases, gentle slopes as shallow as 1–2 degrees have been
observed to fail. However steep slopes are more prone to landslides. So, majority of land slides are associated with hilly
and mountainous areas. They also commonly occur along steeply sloping coastlines and river valleys.
3.Causes of Landslides: Often more than one factor contributes to landslides that include geology

Collings Ranch Conglomerate Case Study
Our third stop was along the interstate, right between two formations of Washita Valley. The formation on the north of
us was represented by Pennsylvanian Collings Ranch Conglomerate (around 350 million years old), which is shown
with blue color on the map and the formation on the south of us was represented by Ordovician Kindblade Limestone
(around 450mil years old), shown by the pink color on the map. There is a huge time gap between these two
formations. The Collings Ranch Conglomerate is outstandingly exposed along Interstate 35 near the top of Arbuckle
Mountains. It was formed during late Pennsylvanian and is slightly younger than Devil's Kitchen Conglomerate. Large
size of grains, conglomerate boulders and cobbles, indicate high energy

Geological Evolution and Mysteries and Theories Help to...
The evolution of animal is something that is difficult to explain. But with some rock data, that can change. Rock saves
much information for billions of years and when people discover that information, that information can solve many
mysteries. Billions of years of missing rock can help clarify animal evolution. Summarizing, analyzing this article and
explaining how this topic can help clarify many thoughts is important. In the article, the authors discuss geological
mysteries and theories that apparently start animal evolution. Life on Earth has experience a revolution over 500
million years ago, and most groups of animals appeared in Earth's oceans and then expanded. According to the authors,
billions of years of missing rock might help clarify how animals got their mineral skeletons during the explosion of
diversification during the Cambrian period.
According to Charles Darwin, evolution change is not supposed to occur so quickly. The studies of the "Darwin's
dilemma" have shows that animal do indeed have a Precambrian origin. The fossil record of that simple bodied history
and behavior has now been uncovered. According to the authors, this proves that the Cambrian explosion was a real
evolutionary phenomenon that needs to be explored and explained.
This article shows readers that there is a way to know more about the past and how animal's fossils can help understand
animal evolution. In this article, the author is giving more opinion that evidence, but the

Callytharra Formation Essay
4.3 Methods
Methods used included, taking GPS points at different rock units and marking them onto an aerial map to distinguish
bearings and lithologies, traversing the area, and identifying rock and fossils types.
4.4 Regional Geology
The Callytharra Formation and associated unit Moogooloo Sandstone are found in the Merlinleigh Sub–basin of the
Southern Carnarvon Basin. The Callytharra Formation was forming toward the end of the last major glaciation and
represents formations that were deposited in a cool temperate climate. Moogooloo Sandstone is restricted within the
Merlinleigh Sub–basin, within an average thickness of 35m (Mory & Backhouse, 1997)
4.5 Lithology/Palaeontology
The Moogooloo Sandstone formed in the early Permian and consists ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Literature suggests that the Wandagee Formation conformably overlies the Quinnanie Shale (Mory & Backhouse,
1997). These two sections were most likely deposited within a marine shelf, perhaps below the storm water wave base
(notebook page 33). The Quinnanie, displaying no trace fossils or bioturbation and generally massive in structure may
suggest that it was deposited at greater depths than the Wandagee Formation or it may suggest a cycle of shallowing
and deepening waters, due to tidal influences. The Quinnanie representing deepened waters. Its more organic make–up
may also indicate that it was deposited at greater depths than the Wandagee. The Wandagee Formation contains a vast
number of structures that indicate a shallower environment than the Quinnanie. Whilst still being deposited below the
storm water wave base, it may be possible that it was deposited during a shallowing oscillation. Trace fossils that were
burrowing indicate shallower waters, the stratigraphic log demonstrates these relationships, figure 22).
5.7 Petroleum Potential
Quinnanie Shale is suggested to be a source rock, it has fair levels of organics, but has low generating potential, and is
most likely more gas prone. The Byro Group itself contains some source rocks. However, it is suggested that this
system is immature (Ghori, 1998)
5.8 Discussion of the Williambury

The History Of Fossil
Fossils are the way scientists trace the way back to things that were once living but have died. They can be plant or
animal bodies that have been partially or completely replaced by minerals. Fossils are the preserved remains or traces
of living things. Molds and casts, which are two of the more common fossils, are copies of the shapes of ancient
organisms. Petrified fossils are remains in which minerals replace all or part of an organism, Preserved, the process
preserves the remains of organisms with little or no change, Carbon Film is an extremely thin coating of carbon on
rock, and Trace fossils, which form when mud or sand hardens to stone where a footprint, trail, or burrow was. These
are the different types of fossils that help scientists ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Multicellular organisms appeared like worms, sponges, and trilobites. It took so long for life to be on Earth because the
harmful UV rays of the sun. All of the carbon dioxide created by the volcanoes created the ozone layer, which is one of
the reasons there is life on Earth today. The first four legged vertebrates were the tetrapods, which still have some
descendants around today, and the first reptile was the hylonomus. The Permian extinction is the largest mass extinction
and killed 96% of life in the oceans and 76% of life on land. 190 million years ago Pangea broke apart. Fish are
returning to the oceans and dead fish start to layer the seafloor; over time these dead fish are covered with rock and the
pressure from this created fossils and oil. 65 million years ago dinosaurs were thriving and didn't have any threats on
earth, but that didn't last long. An asteroid was headed towards the Gulf of Mexico at very quick speed. As it hits the
Earth, it destroys everything in its path. The land it hit is completely destroyed. Mammals survived by living in
underground and eating almost everything. Eventually Earth becomes a peaceful place and everything is calm. 40
thousand years ago an ice wall was forming and the temperature was dropping drastically. The ice created a land bridge
between Asia and what would later be Alaska. 14 thousand years ago the ice starts to make its way back to the Arctics
and this formed the Great Lakes. 6 thousand years ago all of the ice is in the Arctics and now humans are fully evolved
and so is our

Plate Geology
Structural Geology and Plate Tectonics
Geology is an overall study of planet Earth–"its composition, structure, process, and history" (Shipman, Todd, &
Wilson 602). Geology also plays a role in the study of the Moon and other solar system objects is primarily the
province of astronomy. "None of the remarkable scientific advances of the twentieth century revealed with certainty the
composition and structure of the Earth's interior" (603). Present ideas presently rest on indirect evidence provided by
earthquake body waves, their speed and direction identifying the types of materials through which they move,
meteorites whose composition is believed to be similar to the Earth's, spacecraft measurements of gravity and magnetic
variations, and laboratory ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, it was not until this century that nuclear age technology was developed that uses measurements of
radioactivity in certain types of rocks to give us ages in numbers of years. These ages, usually called radiometric ages,
are used in conjunction with relative dating principles to determine at least an approximate age for most of the world 's
major rock formations (USGS). "Radiometric dating is the determination of age by using radioactivity, has become
geology's best tool for establishing absolute geologic time" (Shipman, Todd, & Wilson 704). The atomic nuclei that
decay of their own accord are said to be radioactive. The decay product–or daughter nucleus, as it is commonly called–
may be stable. If so, the transformation reaches completion in a single step. However, the daughter nuclei of many
naturally occurring isotopes are themselves radioactive and hence undergo further decay"

To What Extent Did Geography Affect The Development Of...
Bibliography
Pratt, Tk. Canadian Concise Dictionary. Vancouver: Gage Educational Publisher, 2002.
Kahn, Charles et.al. World History: Societies of the past. Winnipeg: Portage and Main Press, 2005.
Merriam–Webster, Incorporated. "Geology."
"Society & the Natural Environment." eNotes.com. eNotes.com, Inc. September 30th, 2015.
http://www.enotes.com/research–starters/society–natural–environment
"Civilization." Education.nationalgeograpgic.com. National Geographic, Inc. April 13th, 2010.
http://education.nationalgeographic.com/encyclopedia/civilization/
"How did geography affect the development of the ancient Middle Eastern civilizations?" Answers. Answers
Corporation. October 2nd, 2008.
http://www.answers.com/Q/How_did_geography_affect_the_development_of_the_ancient_Middle_Eastern_civilizations
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Extremely low and high temperatures can slow down the development of societies and civilizations greatly. If you are
living in a place with temperatures similar to the ones of The Arctic, you will obviously have a lot of harvesting
problems because of the cold and all the snow covering the ground. Also, problems with getting around and working
hard because it is too cold to leave your home and go out are very probable. Going out to work in conditions like these,
can leave people dead or very sick with things like hypothermia. On the other hand, extreme heats, like in places close
to the equator, also slow development for very similar reasons. People struggle to leave their houses because of extreme
heat dangers like getting deep burns or even things like skin cancer from the sun's UV rays, and may also have
harvesting problems because of how dry it is. Land forms and geography can also have an impact on the development
of societies and civilizations. If you live in an area with a lot of bodies of water, you will be granted with things like
fertile soil, easy transportation, abundant food and water supply, more animals to hunt (fishing) and much better
hygiene than for example a place in the middle of the desert. Your geography is very important to a stable society

The Wabigoon Subprovince
Geologic Setting
The Wabigoon Subprovince is part of the Superior Province, an Archean age craton composed of E–NE trending
granite–greenstone and metasedimentary terranes that span from western MN to northern Quebec. In Canada, the
Neoarchean Wabigoon subprovince hosts numerous precious and base metal deposits, including the Sturgeon Lake
VMS deposits and Rainy River and Hammond Reef gold deposits (Figure 2). Historically considered moderately to
weakly prospective for hosting VMS deposits due to inferred shallow marine conditions and relatively low temperature
felsic volcanic rocks (Lesher et al., 1986; Gaboury and Pearson, 2008), the observation that many Wabigoon– hosted
gold deposits may exhibit characteristics r of epithermal deposits ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The structural relationship between the Wabigoon and Quetico subprovinces during deformation in Canadian rocks
relevant to the study area has been discussed by Czeck and Poulsen (2010).
The first deformation event (D1) resulted in folding of volcanic rocks in the Wabigoon and Wawa subprovinces
(Hooper and Ojakangas, 1971; Hudleston, 1976; Hudleston et al., 1987; Jirsa et al., 1992) and locally within the
Quetico subprovince (Bauer, 1985b). Most D1 folds in the Wawa terrane in MN rarely display axial–planar cleavage,
with Bauer (1985b), Hooper and Ojakangas (1971), Hudleston (1976), and Jirsa et al. (1992) having identified cleavage
(S1) development locally in the Vermillion greenstone belt (Peterson, 2001). In the Wabigoon terrane, D1 resulted in
recumbent folding that overturned the stratigraphic sequence and the first regional schistosity (Poulsen et al., 1980). S1
is generally subparallel to the layering in the metavolcanic and metasedimentary rocks, and a gneissic foliation
attributed to D1 is well developed in gneissic domes (Czeck and Poulsen, 2010). Although D1 likely created significant
thrust or oblique faulting, direct evidence

Vertebrate Paleontology's Extinction
ESSAY QUESTION #3
Tell us about a community or cultural experience or any group gathering you have participated in recently that meant a
lot to you.
In October of 2016 I participated in a community function that changed my life, my future goals, and made me a more
knowledgeable and confident person. As a Teen Science Scholar in the earth sciences department, last summer, I was
given life changing opportunity to go to the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology's annual international conference, to
interact with the best paleontologists of the day and to present my own findings. After working for months with DMNS
scientists to move and organize collections, micropick and sort fossils, study osteology, dig for mammal fossils from
the Miocene in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The subject of our poster was a brief, site description of the Dry Union in the mountains of Colorado. In this poster, Dr.
Sertich, Ms. Mackenzie, Kathleen, and myself described the geological composition of the formation, the interesting
combination of Fauna found at the site, and the work we had done in the formation over the summer. While so many
incredible people contributed to this project, in particular Ms. Mackenzie, who is one of the most amazing
paleontologist I have ever met, it was up to me and Kathleen to present this poster to professional paleontologists on
our own. This opportunity to contribute to the knowledge of the paleontological community has been one of the biggest
honors and most thrilling experience of my life thus far and I am eager to return to SVP again in the

Waucoba Wash Quadrangle
Geologic History of Waucoba Wash Quadrangle, California
The Waucoba Wash Quadrangle, California cross section begins with the deposition of the Cambrian layers such as the
Campito Formation, Poleta Formation (upper and middle members and undivided), Harkless Formation, Saline Valley
Formation (lower and upper members), Mule Spring Limestone, Monola Formation (lower and upper members), and
the Bonanaza King dolomite (dominantly limestone and undivided). These Cambrian rocks are followed by rock layers
from the Devonian period, thus meaning that an unconformity occurred between the layers. The Devonian dolomite
rock layers include the Hidden Valley dolomite and the Lost Burro Formation (cherty dolomite). These are followed by
the Mississippian ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One of the major things noticeable from the cross section is that quite a few of the rock layers are over turned, where
the older rock layers are above the newer rock layers. This is seen in the contact between the Quartz Monzonite of
Papoose Flat and the Campito Formation which is also a disconformity. Next there is some fault zones separating the
Camptio, Poleta, and Harkless formations. We then see some more overturned layers with the contacts between Saline
Spring Valley Formation (lower and upper members) above the Mule Spring Formation along with some inferred
folding. With a normal fault separating the inferred folding event, we see where the overturning occurs. In between the
Cambrian layers we see Tertiary Basalt nonconformities also being folded, thus with that we know that the folding
event was more recent than the formation of the Basalt. Next there is a large Basalt field with a spot of the Harkless
formation. Again we see over tuning as the Basalt field ends there are the Devonian and Mississippian rock Layers on
top of the basalt. Separating these overturned layers from the Harkless Formation and the Saline valley Formation
(upper member), which are not overturned, is a thrust fault. From this information, there was a major stress event
sometime after the Tertiary period causing the rock layers to fold and overturn. And from this stress event and from the
folding, normal and thrust faults are formed. Finally we see that there were alluvial and landslide deposits from the
Quaternary after the folding, faulting, and over

A Evolution Of The Late Jurassic
Charophytes are green algae that have been found in fresh water to moderately brackish water environments. Their
gyrogonites are minute oval or round calcareous bodies that represent the calcified parts of the oogonium i. e. the
female reproductive organs. Most of the plant consists of organic matter that decays shortly after death. Under some
circumstances the stems and branches of the plant become calcified and are also preserved in the geologic record. In the
absence of the planktonic and benthonic foraminifers, ostracodes and charophytes becomes valuable biostratigraphic
tool for geologic analysis and interpretation (Carbonel, 1988; Colin & Lethiers, 1988; Martin–Closas & Schudack,
1996, Schudack, 2000 & 2006). Moreover the charophytes have been the focus of intensive work since the early 1960,
since it was hope to obtain valuable information on the dating, biostratigraphic and paleoecology of the strata
(Schudack, 2002 & 2004). The present study attempts a comprehensive biostratigraphic evolution of the Late Jurassic –
Early Cretaceous sequence at Messak escarpment based on the stratigraphic distribution of the charophytes species as
this type of microfossils have not been studied before in Libya as well as the study area has never been studied for
charophytes beforehand. On the basis of the stratigraphic distribution of charophytes it is possible to subdivide the Late
Jurassic – Early Cretaceous sequence into four assemblage zones. These are described in ascending

Landslides : The Termful Effects Of Natural And Natural...
Bangladesh is prone to various disasters having immense harmful consequences associated with different natural and
man–made hazards. Among most of the natural hazards, Landslide is being prioritized as a matter of great concern as a
result of its devastating nature. South–eastern part of Bangladesh is very much prone to this hazard with long history of
instability since the people have been living there though there is not enough record of incidents. Landslides are
frequently resulting in losses of both lives and properties which are being worsened with rapid and unplanned urban
development and frequent changes in land use (Popescu, 2010). Almost every year, during the monsoon, the hilly areas
of the southern part experience landslide due to both natural and human–induced instable slopes and causes tremendous
damage to life and property. More rapid urbanization trend, other human development activities through deforestation
and hill–cuttings have triggered the increase of landslide incident in mountainous regions(Mia, Sultana, & Paul, 2015).
Landslides are very common and significant natural hazard on the mountainous area in wet tropical climate like
Bangladesh. Landslides include wide range of ground movements like rock fall, slope failure, deep or shallow debris
flow etc. The definition of the term "Landslide" depend on its diversified use by geologists, engineers and other
professionals because of its complex nature. But the term actually refers to the downslope movement

Timber Hill Research Paper
All mapping sites near Dillon, Montana have at least two structural elements, including folds and faults. Beginning with
Frying Pan Gulch area, there are two structural components within the map boundary, namely the syncline and anticline
folds. Due to compressional tectonic events, an anticline and a syncline folds had formed during the Cenozoic Era. This
folding event took place after the deposition and lithification of Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous rock units present in
Frying Pan. The eastern anticline forms a nearly symmetrical fold with a vergence direction to the northeast. To the
west is a symmetric syncline, which has an axial plane striking to the southwest. There is no significant faulting activity
within the map boundary of the Frying Pan area.
Moving on to Block Mountain, this mapping area has four main folds and six significant faulting components, all
resulting from continued compressional tectonics. The oldest structure, which is the Sandy Hollow anticline, is a
northward–plunging anticline that is similar in age to the eastern syncline underlying the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
There are only three structural elements within Timber Hill, with the first being the northwest–striking anticline that
exhibits very low angle dips on either side of the axial plane. This anticline has a symmetrical shape and folds the
Renova Formation. The more significant structural unit is the northwest–southeast striking normal fault that drops the
hanging wall by approximately 600 ft. The decline of the hanging wall produced a space above the Sixmile Formation
where the Quaternary Talus accumulated. The third structure is a monocline fold that formed on top of the Timber Hill
Basalt. This fold formed as a result of an offset produced by the normal

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